Philosophical Problems of IT & Cyberspace (PhilIT&C)最新文献_第2页

Machine translation of expressive means – metaphors 表达手段的机器翻译--隐喻

Philosophical Problems of IT & Cyberspace (PhilIT&C) Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.17726/philit.2023.2.8

E. M. Khabarova

{"title":"Machine translation of expressive means – metaphors","authors":"E. M. Khabarova","doi":"10.17726/philit.2023.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17726/philit.2023.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Technology has advanced significantly over the past decades. Significant changes have occurred in the field of translation with the development of programs such as Google.translate and Yandex.translator. The presented applications are already being actively implemented in translation agencies to optimize translation activities, where written translations of documents, articles, annotations, etc. must be provided to customers as quick as possible. While working with popular science text, online programs help translators gain time, but this requires to edit the text. The artistic style requires more concentration and dedication, because. the means of expression presented in it require taking into account the context and nuances of the use of certain units of language. Machine translation has the potential to become an indispensable assistant in the hands of a translator. This article discusses machine translation of expressive means, namely metaphors. The study is illustrated with examples and a comparative analysis of the translation of metaphorical units is carried out, the classification of metaphors is identified and an analysis is carried out with which means of expression the translator is able to cope with. The difficulties of translating metaphors are analyzed.","PeriodicalId":398209,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Problems of IT & Cyberspace (PhilIT&C)","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Education Testing System by Artificial Intelligence 人工智能教育测试系统

Philosophical Problems of IT & Cyberspace (PhilIT&C) Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.17726/philit.2023.2.7

A. E. Ryabinin

引用次数: 0

Biophysical approach to modeling reflection: basis, methods, results 建立反射模型的生物物理方法：基础、方法和结果

Philosophical Problems of IT & Cyberspace (PhilIT&C) Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.17726/philit.2023.2.9

S. I. Bartsev, G. Markova, A. I. Matveeva

{"title":"Biophysical approach to modeling reflection: basis, methods, results","authors":"S. I. Bartsev, G. Markova, A. I. Matveeva","doi":"10.17726/philit.2023.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17726/philit.2023.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"The approach used by physics is based on the identification and study of ideal objects, which is also the basis of biophysics, in combination with von Neumann heuristic modeling and functional fractionation according to R.Rosen is discussed as a tool for studying the properties of consciousness. The object of the study is a kind of line of analog systems: the human brain, the vertebrate brain, the invertebrate brain and artificial neural networks capable of reflection, which is a key property characteristic of consciousness. Reflection in the broad sense of the word, understood as an internal representation of the external world, is characteristic of a wide range of animals, and some of them (bumblebees, fish) even demonstrate reflection in the narrow sense of the word, understood as an inner self-representation. This complex behavior is realized by miniature brains of ~1 million neurons. The use of simple recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to obtain answers to general questions is illustrated. For example, it has been shown a small RNS is able to pass delayed matching to sample (DMTS) test, forming an individual dynamic representation of the received stimulus, allowing decoding by a special external neural detector. . It has been demonstrated in the reflexive game “even-odd”, the RNS has a huge advantage over a multi-layered neural network, with the same and a larger number of neurons – reflection defeats regression. It was found that the asymmetry of outcomes in the odd-even game, which was explained by various causes, including psychological ones – “it’s easier to catch up than to run away”, is reproduced in the game of two RNNs. Obviously, there are no psychological causes here and the advantage of the player playing for “even” is explained by the more complex strategy of the “odd” player – he needs to predict the opponent’s move and choose the opposite one.","PeriodicalId":398209,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Problems of IT & Cyberspace (PhilIT&C)","volume":"38 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139176325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Connection of body and mind: How the brain controls body reactions 身体与心灵的联系：大脑如何控制身体反应

Philosophical Problems of IT & Cyberspace (PhilIT&C) Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.17726/philit.2023.2.6

V. M. Presnyakova

{"title":"Connection of body and mind: How the brain controls body reactions","authors":"V. M. Presnyakova","doi":"10.17726/philit.2023.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17726/philit.2023.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the functioning of the connection between the brain and the body, the analysis of possible disturbances in the transmission of information impulses from the brain to the body and consideration of the causes of distortion and defects in the implementation of this connection. The specifics of the connection between the brain and the body are considered from the point of view of various areas: neurophysiological, anatomical, psychological. Examples of communication distortion and reasons for incorrect transmission of the reaction are given. An analysis of all possible factors influencing the implementation of the connection under consideration is carried out, various types of violations are listed, and methods for correcting these violations are also presented. The result of this study is the structuring of information about the functioning of the connection between the brain and the body, consideration of all special cases of defectiveness of this connection and an explanation of the reasons for their occurrence. The article will be of practical benefit to specialists in the field of neurobiology.","PeriodicalId":398209,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Problems of IT & Cyberspace (PhilIT&C)","volume":"157 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139174361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heuristic modeling of reflection in reflexive games 反思性游戏中的反思启发式建模

Philosophical Problems of IT & Cyberspace (PhilIT&C) Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.17726/philit.2023.2.5

G. Markova, S. I. Bartsev

{"title":"Heuristic modeling of reflection in reflexive games","authors":"G. Markova, S. I. Bartsev","doi":"10.17726/philit.2023.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17726/philit.2023.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The functioning of a subject in a changing environment is most effective from the point of view of survival if the subject can form, maintain and use internal representations of the external world for decision-making. These representations are also called reflection in a broad sense. Using it, one can win in reflexive games since an internal representation of the enemy allows predicting their future moves. The goal is to assess the reflexive potential of heuristic model objects – artificial neural networks – in the reflexive games “Even-Odd” (or “Matching pennies”) and “Rock-Paper-Scissors”. We used homogeneous fully connected neural networks of small sizes (from 8 to 45 neurons). Games were played between neural networks with different configurations and parameters (size, step size for modifying weight coefficients). A set of reflexivity criteria is presented, corresponding to different levels of consideration: neuronal, behavioral, formal. The transitivity of formal success in the game is shown. The most successful configurations, however, may not meet other criteria of reflexivity. We hypothesize that the best compliance with the criteria and, as a consequence, universal success in reflection tasks is achievable for heterogeneous configurations with a structure in which the formation of hierarchical systems of attractors is possible.","PeriodicalId":398209,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Problems of IT & Cyberspace (PhilIT&C)","volume":"140 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social Character of Artificial Intelligence Technologies 人工智能技术的社会特征

Philosophical Problems of IT & Cyberspace (PhilIT&C) Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.17726/philit.2023.2.2

N. V. Danielyan

{"title":"Social Character of Artificial Intelligence Technologies","authors":"N. V. Danielyan","doi":"10.17726/philit.2023.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17726/philit.2023.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers modern transformations of the ideas concerning subject’s cognitive abilities towards object because of the emergence and development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. The developments of scientists and engineers from National Research University of Electronic Technology (Moscow, Russia) in the field of artificial intelligence have been taken as a foundation and material of this research. Their analysis allows making a conclusion that the humanity is rather far from the realization of ‘strong artificial intelligence’. We need a qualitative breakthrough in AI material and technological basis for it. Applying ‘model-dependent realism’ by S. Hawking in the course of the speculations in the article, the author concludes that the purpose of cognition in modern science is not to describe an objective reality, but to organize its subjective perception by some definite way. So, the purpose of cognition is the perfection of cognition models permitting a subject ‘to capture’ the reality. This idea is completely confirmed by Maturana and Varela’s autopoiesis theory and von Foerster’s ‘second-order cybernetics’. The article drafts some prospects of moving away from post-nonclassical scientific thinking in its current understanding, because the development of AI technologies results in ‘blurring’ borders of subjectivity in the cognition process. The author concludes that the modern world is moving in another epistemological paradigm where a new scientific revolution is inevitable.","PeriodicalId":398209,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Problems of IT & Cyberspace (PhilIT&C)","volume":"105 s411","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138965108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strategies for translating machine errors in automatically generated texts (using GPT-4 as an example) 自动生成文本中机器错误的翻译策略(以GPT-4为例)

Philosophical Problems of IT & Cyberspace (PhilIT&C) Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.17726/philit.2023.1.4

V. I. Aleynikova

{"title":"Strategies for translating machine errors in automatically generated texts (using GPT-4 as an example)","authors":"V. I. Aleynikova","doi":"10.17726/philit.2023.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17726/philit.2023.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the strategies of translation of «machine texts» on the example of generative transformers (GPT). Currently, the study and development of machine text generation has become an important task for processing and analyzing texts in different languages. Modern technologies of artiﬁcial intelligence and neural networks allow us to create powerful tools for activities in this ﬁeld, which are becoming more and more effective every year. Generative transformers are one of such tools. The study of generative transformers also allows developers to create more accurate and efﬁcient machine translation algorithms, which improves the quality of translations and improves the user experience. In this context, the features of machine texts created by generative transformers, their patterns, errors and imperfections, which require special translation strategies, deserve special interest. Today we can say that the generation of unique and relevant texts is a routine task that has been automated. Nevertheless, certain restrictions for the use of such texts still exist, in particular, their use requires the use of appropriate translation strategies. The paper proposes the author’s typology of translation strategies, where, taking into account the features of AST, it is proposed to add a substrategy of tertiary-moderation translation.","PeriodicalId":398209,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Problems of IT & Cyberspace (PhilIT&C)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115568503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Barriers to the integration of digital twin technology in manufacturing 数字孪生技术在制造业整合的障碍

Philosophical Problems of IT & Cyberspace (PhilIT&C) Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.17726/philit.2023.1.5

N. I. Prytkov, A. Zamorev

{"title":"Barriers to the integration of digital twin technology in manufacturing","authors":"N. I. Prytkov, A. Zamorev","doi":"10.17726/philit.2023.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17726/philit.2023.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Industry over the last ten years has been characterized by a high level of digital transformation, affecting all layers of production and all areas of the economy. One of the key trends in the digitalization of industry is the digital twin – a system that combines a physical object, its digital model, and a continuous link between the two. However, the integration of such a complex technological solution is fraught with a number of barriers that arise in one way or another in the way of technology users. The authors of the article analyzed 100 examples of digital twin use in industry according to 7 criteria, among which the scope of technology application, the most problematic stage of its integration, key technological, organizational, ecosystem and economic barriers, as well as recommendations on overcoming these barriers, which have been applied or are in the process of application, were highlighted. The article contains a layer of statistical data and infographics that conﬁrm the key conclusions about the main barriers to the integration of digital twins, among which the lack of devices and equipment with the necessary capacity, the lack of existing strategies for the technology implementation, the lack of standards for industry regulation and high initial investment are the main ones. Each block of barriers is accompanied by real examples (cases) of use of digital twin in the domestic and foreign industry, among which there are such companies as KamAZ, UEC-Klimov, Tesla, Volvo, Norske Shell and others.","PeriodicalId":398209,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Problems of IT & Cyberspace (PhilIT&C)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129581941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can the machine smell? The problem of the universal olfactory dictionary 机器有气味吗?通用嗅觉词典的问题

Philosophical Problems of IT & Cyberspace (PhilIT&C) Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.17726/philit.2023.1.2

L. Velis

引用次数: 0

Transformation the information society into the digital one: the problem of deﬁnition 信息社会向数字社会的转型:定义问题

Philosophical Problems of IT & Cyberspace (PhilIT&C) Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.17726/philit.2023.1.3

I. I. Keosidi, Yu. I. Keosidi

{"title":"Transformation the information society into the digital one: the problem of deﬁnition","authors":"I. I. Keosidi, Yu. I. Keosidi","doi":"10.17726/philit.2023.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17726/philit.2023.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The scientiﬁc and technological progress permeates inexorably into all spheres of society, regardless of their wishes. Information technologies transform the daily life of every person to such an extent that the society itself is commonly called an information society. It is impossible to study the processes of information society without a fundamental understanding of the concept itself. This creates a basis for analyzing the mechanisms of dynamics of transformation processes evolving with the developing society. The only way to proceed successfully is to use a comprehensive systematic approach, based on the synthesis of theories, principles, techniques of research that will be able to provide both an increase in socio-philosophical knowledge, and the utilitarian efﬁciency of practical construction and management of transformation processes.This creates the goal of the article – to formulate our own description of the information society, including the deﬁnition and the list of its key characteristics. The goal is the basis for the article’s task: to prepare a theoretical basis for further, more in-depth research into the prospects of information society development.","PeriodicalId":398209,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Problems of IT & Cyberspace (PhilIT&C)","volume":"417 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124179547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Philosophical Problems of IT &amp; Cyberspace (PhilIT&amp;C)最新文献

Philosophical Problems of IT & Cyberspace (PhilIT&C)最新文献