{"title":"An alternative perspective on the agrarian question in Europe and in the developing countries","authors":"U. Patnaik","doi":"10.4337/9781788972468.00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788972468.00013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":397553,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Critical Agrarian Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132928863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The diversity of classical agrarian Marxism","authors":"A. Akram‐Lodhi, Cristóbal Kay","doi":"10.4337/9781788972468.00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788972468.00011","url":null,"abstract":"Critical agrarian studies is predicated upon developing theory and empirics that emphasize the social dimensions of rural identities and power relations. Thus, rural behaviour can reflect a continuum of possibilities, from the rigid dictates of social structure and the ways in which this can socialize individuals, to the social autonomy of the person. However, in actually-existing rural worlds power is asymmetrical and relational, and thus the social dimensions of identity are reflected in sources of social power. While assets, incomes and their distribution may be an important determinant of power, critical agrarian studies stresses intersectionality, in terms of gender, generation, ecology, space and landscapes, among others, and in so doing does not exclusively focus upon assets, incomes and their distribution as the sole basis or expression of power in each and every instance. Agrarian Marxism is an important current within critical agrarian studies. Agrarian Marxism refers ‘to over a century of work in the Marxist theoretical tradition on the “agrarian question”’ (Levien et al. 2018, 854), which consists of three interrelated issues: the terms and conditions by which capitalism does or does not transform agricultural activities by subsuming them to the market imperatives of the capitalist mode of production; the contribution of agriculture in facilitating the emergence and consolidation of capital accumulation both within and beyond the sector; and the impact of these processes on the political agency of rural peoples (Akram-Lodhi and Kay 2010). As such, it approaches issues of structure and agency in a way that is consistent with critical agrarian studies, but from within a specific theoretical tradition and a unique methodological perspective. ‘Classical’ agrarian Marxism focuses upon the ground-breaking insights into the agrarian question offered by Marx and Engels and the development of these insights in writings by Kautsky and Lenin in the late nineteenth century. It also uses the wide variety of theoretical, methodological and empirical innovations developed in the Soviet Union during the 1920s that explicitly drew upon earlier understanding of the agrarian question. The literature that emerged in just over 50 years is voluminous, but what is especially striking about it is the breadth and depth of rigorous intellectual creativity that can be found within it, the substantive diversity of the arguments that can be identified, as well as the pluralism that was central to its creative diversity. Thus, many of the central concerns of contemporary critical agrarian studies have their origin in classical agrarian Marxism: processes of enclosure, class formation and fragmentation, the challenges facing rural labour, the social origins of difference, the drivers of rural growth and social change in the countryside and the political responses of rural peoples. Therefore, this contribution will offer a selective summary of the key arguments made","PeriodicalId":397553,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Critical Agrarian Studies","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132809573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Frontiers: Commodification and territorialization","authors":"Mattias Borg Rasmussen","doi":"10.4337/9781788972468.00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788972468.00018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":397553,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Critical Agrarian Studies","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115386432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Water for agriculture","authors":"Larry A. Swatuk","doi":"10.4337/9781788972468.00051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788972468.00051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":397553,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Critical Agrarian Studies","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115142945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radical transformation: Creating alternatives to capitalism in the countryside","authors":"Kristina Dietz","doi":"10.4337/9781788972468.00083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788972468.00083","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":397553,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Critical Agrarian Studies","volume":"7 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114007010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Degrowth in agrarian and fisheries studies","authors":"A. Scheidel","doi":"10.4337/9781788972468.00081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788972468.00081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":397553,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Critical Agrarian Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125553022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Industrial fisheries and oceanic accumulation","authors":"Elizabeth Havice","doi":"10.4337/9781788972468.00053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788972468.00053","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Three-fourths of the world’s marine capture fisheries are at or beyond ‘full exploitation’, indicating the likelihood that many fish populations, and the ecosystem of which they are a part, will decline (if they are not already) with current and expanded levels of competitive extraction, though the geographies of fisheries decline and recovery are uneven. Fish, whether saltwater or freshwater, farmed or captured, are an important source of animal protein, micronutrients and fatty acids crucial to alleviating malnutrition, hundreds of millions of people are employed as fish workers and in fisheries-related activities, and fish exports from developing countries generate a higher export value than coffee, bananas, cocoa, tea, sugar and tobacco combined (Campling et al. 2012). State and market pressures from outside fishing industries also shape the ecological resources that fisheries depend upon. For example, the ‘deadly trio’ of oceanic warming, acidification and deoxygenation – all driven by terrestrial capitalism – threatens in particular larger-bodied animals living at the top","PeriodicalId":397553,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Critical Agrarian Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125751345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}