Handbook of Critical Agrarian Studies最新文献_第5页

The agrarian question 农业问题

Handbook of Critical Agrarian Studies Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781788972468.00015

M. Watts

引用次数: 0

Contract farming 合同农业

Handbook of Critical Agrarian Studies Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781788972468.00057

Helena Pérez Niño

{"title":"Contract farming","authors":"Helena Pérez Niño","doi":"10.4337/9781788972468.00057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788972468.00057","url":null,"abstract":"Contract farming, also known as agricultural production through ‘outgrower schemes’, is generally understood as an institutional arrangement in agriculture whereby buyers and processors contract farmers to provide agricultural goods under certain specifications, as opposed to procuring these in open spot markets. More broadly, the vast literature on contract farming engages with key questions in agrarian studies, namely: the conditions under which rural producers and workers reproduce themselves in land-based activities; the prospects of smallholder farming within contemporary global agro-food systems; the institutional changes necessary to make ‘markets work’; the penetration of global value chains in contemporary agriculture; the implications for farming of trends toward vertical integration and the expansion of buyer-driven chains; and, more recently, the connections between large-scale land deals and contract farming ‘solutions’ (Li 2011; Vicol 2017). Contract farming is a contested field and different questions and analytical frameworks have been deployed to make sense of it, as this chapter will show. However, mainstream agricultural economics seems to dominate the literature both in terms of the volume of publications and of the empirical evidence collected. Agricultural economics treats contract farming as an institutional arrangement designed to address market failures by smoothing out the uncertainties and shocks characteristic of agricultural production, which are often amplified by market dynamics (Eaton and Shepherd 2001; Masakure and Henson 2005; Minot 2007). In low-income countries, contract farming is presented as an arrangement that allows for commodity production to take place in settings characterized by ‘missing markets’, that is, contexts with underdeveloped financial services, poor access to remunerative markets, deficient input distribution systems or poorly specified property rights. In orthodox accounts, power relations and historical change, the two central concerns of critical agrarian studies, are conspicuously missing. However, as the critical agrarian literature has shown, at stake is an arrangement that attracts producers by guaranteeing a market outlet and access to inputs on credit in exchange for giving buyers/processors the ability to exert more control over production than they could in open markets, without the need to engage in risky land acquisition and direct production. Contract farming is thus an arrangement characterized by (1) a reduction of marketing-related uncertainty for buyers and producers; (2) increased vertical integration (more intervention of the buyers in productive decision-making); and (3) a shifting of production costs and risks onto direct producers, compared with estate (plantation) production. Contract farming is a different form of incorporation into capitalist relations of production whereby labour and land are exploited through an indirect contractual arrangement that seemingly prese","PeriodicalId":397553,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Critical Agrarian Studies","volume":"418 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117332358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Land grabs 土地掠夺

Handbook of Critical Agrarian Studies Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781788972468.00050

A. Goetz

引用次数: 0

Rural dispossession and capital accumulation 农村剥夺与资本积累

Handbook of Critical Agrarian Studies Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781788972468.00066

D. Hall

引用次数: 0

Kinship 亲属关系

Handbook of Critical Agrarian Studies Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781788972468.00024

Pauline E. Peters

引用次数: 0

Crisis 危机

Handbook of Critical Agrarian Studies Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781788972468.00034

R. Chernomas

引用次数: 0