{"title":"An ecotourist by whose standards? Developing and testing the Ecotourist Identification Scale (EIS)","authors":"J. Beall, B. B. Boley","doi":"10.1080/14724049.2021.1919126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2021.1919126","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite numerous attempts at operationalising ecotourism, none have explicitly incorporated the three tenets of ecotourism (i.e. nature, education, and sustainability) into scale development with the purpose of identifying ecotourists from non-ecotourists. Therefore, we used a combination of Churchill and Rossiter’s scale development frameworks to create the Ecotourist Identification Scale (EIS) as a tool for identifying ecotourists based on these three criteria. We split a sample of 786 U.S. travellers in half to perform a Principal Components Analysis for scale purification on one half followed by a Confirmatory Factor Analysis on the other. Results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated strong construct reliability for each component of the EIS based on factor loadings above 0.50, reliability coefficients exceeding 0.70, and Average Variance Explained above 50%. Furthermore, we employed Structural Equation Modeling to explore which aspects of ecotourism’s three tenets influence intention to engage in ecotourism by testing the relationship between EIS scale components and ecotourism intention. Results indicate interest in nature and environmental sustainability are significantly related to ecotourism intention while interest in education, socio-cultural sustainability, and economic sustainability are not, indicating discrepancies between the academic definition of ecotourism and the factors driving tourists to engage in ecotourism.","PeriodicalId":39714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecotourism","volume":"21 1","pages":"99 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14724049.2021.1919126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45913792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Potential ecotourism site suitability evaluation for sustainable natural resource management in Kafta Sheraro National Park (KSNP), north-western Tigray, Ethiopia","authors":"Salamawi Abrehe, Atkilt Girma, A. Nigusse","doi":"10.1080/14724049.2021.1897599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2021.1897599","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Kafta Sheraro National Park is endowed with richest biodiversity and physical resources. These resources have a great potential contribution to the development of ecotourism. However, so far there have been no well-identified and mapped potential ecotourism sites. This study is aimed to identify potential ecotourism sites using a combination of Geographic Information System and Analysis Hierarchy Process method. In this paper, an integrated geospatial baseline data, such as biophysical features, wildlife, topography, climate, culture, and accessibility, were considered as main independent factors. Eleven criteria were designed based on 22 discussions with experts, as well as literatures, intensive field surveys, satellite imageries, and exiting thematic maps. The overall analysis result indicates that 27.63% of the area was highly suitable, 35.49% moderately suitable, 26.22% marginally suitable, and 10.66% not suitable. Most of the highly suitable areas lie in the western, north western, and some parts of the south eastern of the park. But, the moderately suitable areas are found in the central and southern parts of the park. Model area under the curve in the training data is 86.15%. Therefore, the output of this study can use as a basis for evaluating the suitability ecotourism development by governmental policy makers.","PeriodicalId":39714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecotourism","volume":"20 1","pages":"341 - 370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14724049.2021.1897599","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45941446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geotourism – a sustainable development option for Namibia","authors":"R. Dowling, C. Pforr","doi":"10.1080/14724049.2021.1910699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2021.1910699","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the context of a weakening of Namibia's resource-oriented economy, which is anchored on a rather narrow and vulnerable footing, tourism is placed to play a more prominent role in the future. It will provide a more sustainable development perspective as a potential mechanism to address socio-economic inequalities, in particular for regional and rural areas. This research note describes Namibia's tourism economy and tourism products noting the country's commitment to sustainable tourism. It then puts forward the notion that the advancement of geotourism presents a sustainable development opportunity based on Namibia's rich and diverse geological assets and landscapes. Case studies are presented of two current geotourism attractions, the /Ai/Ais-Richtersveld Transfrontier Park and Hoba Meteorite National Monument. The paper concludes by arguing that geotourism can be a valuable sustainable development vehicle for Namibia through the generation of economic revenue, community wellbeing, and conservation.","PeriodicalId":39714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecotourism","volume":"20 1","pages":"371 - 385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14724049.2021.1910699","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48295654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Journal of ecotourism: a bibliometric analysis","authors":"Ranjit Singh, P. Sibi, P. Sharma","doi":"10.1080/14724049.2021.1916509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2021.1916509","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In celebration of the twentieth anniversary, this research provides a comprehensive overview of the Journal of Ecotourism (JE) between 2002 and 2020. The main objectives of the study are to determine the publication trends, the conceptual, intellectual and collaboration structure in JE. Co-citation, co-word and collaboration techniques were used to understand and interpret the intellectual, conceptual and social structure in JE respectively. Bibliographic data were obtained from Scopus and analysed using ‘bibliometrix’ tool. The findings reveal that JE has made significant progress in terms of publications and citations and its articles are cited by the premier journal in tourism. Co-word and co-citation analysis identified five and three clusters, respectively. Collaboration structure revealed that there is a good collaboration between authors in JE and 70% of the works are completed through collaborative research.","PeriodicalId":39714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecotourism","volume":"21 1","pages":"37 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14724049.2021.1916509","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45051032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pamela Bachmann-Vargas, C. V. van Koppen, M. Lamers
{"title":"A social practice approach to nature-based tours: the case of the Marble Caves in Northern Patagonia, Chile","authors":"Pamela Bachmann-Vargas, C. V. van Koppen, M. Lamers","doi":"10.1080/14724049.2021.1913176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2021.1913176","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Chile’s Northern Patagonia attracts thousands of tourists, who every summer venture to undertake a range of outdoor activities. In this article, we explore the local production of outdoor activities, by conceptualizing small-scale nature-based tours as a social practice. The study is based on empirical research, taking as a case study the development of the Marble Caves tour, an iconic destination in Northern Patagonia, Chile. The touring practice is analyzed based on the interplay of its material components, required competences and symbolic meanings. Our findings demonstrate that the persistence of the practice is particularly reliant on the competences of the tour operators, and on the abiotic nature of the tourist attraction. Fostering tour guide competences therefore contributes to the sustainability and performance of the practice. We contend that tourism policy interventions that aim to harmonize local development and environmental protection need to carefully analyze and take into account existing social practices.","PeriodicalId":39714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecotourism","volume":"21 1","pages":"1 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14724049.2021.1913176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48566403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comment on ‘To climb or not to climb? Balancing stakeholder priorities at an iconic national park’ by Erica Wilson, Noah Nielsen, Pascal Scherrer, Rodney W. Caldicott, Brent Moyle & Betty Weiler","authors":"M. Hendrickx","doi":"10.1080/14724049.2021.1903906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2021.1903906","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Stakeholder theory provides a means of addressing and formulating responses to challenging issues in managing tourism in sensitive areas. In the case of a stakeholder study at Mt Warning National Park, the views of a key Aboriginal ownership group towards climbing the mountain were not included and their omission misrepresents Aboriginal attitudes to tourism in the park biasing the study outcome. A limitation of stakeholder theory is that significant gaps and policy outcomes emerge if key stakeholders are not consulted. The lack of formal connections of some Indigenous groups with official bodies in Australia makes it difficult to ensure ALL relevant voices are heard.","PeriodicalId":39714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecotourism","volume":"21 1","pages":"184 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14724049.2021.1903906","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45557734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joaquin Latorre, P. D. de Frutos, T. de‐Magistris, F. Martínez-Peña
{"title":"Segmenting tourists by their motivation for an innovative tourism product: mycotourism","authors":"Joaquin Latorre, P. D. de Frutos, T. de‐Magistris, F. Martínez-Peña","doi":"10.1080/14724049.2021.1892123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2021.1892123","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mycotourism, or mushroom tourism, is an innovative specialized tourism product which is successfully being introduced in some areas of the world. In a competitive global market which requires the supply of available tourism to be customized, mycological tourism helps to combat seasonality and contributes towards the economic development of rural areas, a priority goal for policymakers and stakeholders alike. In an effort to help provide more precise tourism marketing management, the present study aims to segment mycotourists based on their motivations. The factor-clustering method identifies ‘thrill-seekers’ as those looking for distraction and to ‘get away from it all’ and whose mycotourism is motivated by the search for adventure, while ‘leisure-seekers’ are tourists attracted by nostalgia and driven by childhood memories. The study was carried out in the region of Castilla y León (Spain), one of the most highly developed mycological regions in the Iberian Peninsula.","PeriodicalId":39714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecotourism","volume":"20 1","pages":"311 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14724049.2021.1892123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46432281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does the interruption of eye contact between humans and Caribbean reef sharks, Carcharhinus perezi, influence the sharks’ approach patterns?","authors":"E. Ritter, R. Amin","doi":"10.1080/14724049.2021.1881526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2021.1881526","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As ecotourists become increasingly interested in snorkeling and diving with sharks, it is important to establish directives for safe interactions. The study considered eye contact between humans and approaching sharks, examining specifically whether an interruption in it owing to, for example, a person glancing at a camera or regarding where to retreat, would affect a shark’s behavior. In standardized field tests, divers maintained or interrupted eye contact with approaching Caribbean reef sharks, Carcharhinus perezi. The results showed a significant difference in the sharks’ approaches depending on whether the divers maintained or interrupted eye contact with them. More specifically, the analysis revealed that sharks came significantly closer to the divers when eye contact was interrupted and also reduced their speed.","PeriodicalId":39714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecotourism","volume":"20 1","pages":"270 - 281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14724049.2021.1881526","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46122298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using Q methodology to analyze stakeholders’ interests in the establishment of ecotourism facilities: the case of Seocheon, Korea","authors":"Jae-hyuck Lee","doi":"10.1080/14724049.2021.1883626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2021.1883626","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ecotourism facilities are designed to provide amenities for eco-tourists and spaces for local residents’ activities, but can also generate conflicts with local stakeholders. Using Q methodology, which involved the conducting of interviews with local stakeholders to obtain a list of pertinent issues and recommendations and the application of these questions to an overall pool of stakeholders, this study highlights the competitive and acrimonious relationship between ecotourism facilities and ecotourism villages in Seocheon, Korea, and demonstrates the negative correlation between local residents’ and tourists’ perspectives in this regard. However, despite this relationship, it was found that all parties hold positive opinions concerning the likely effects of facility-provided educational services on tourists and the local community. This study confirmed that ecotourism facilities should focus more on providing educational service support rather than promoting personal business interests, thereby building trust and laying the foundations for stage-by-stage cooperation.","PeriodicalId":39714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecotourism","volume":"20 1","pages":"282 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14724049.2021.1883626","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41545340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}