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A Different Class of Refugee: University Scholarships and Developmentalism in Late 1960s Africa 不同的难民阶层:60年代末非洲的大学奖学金与发展主义
Africa Today Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.2979/africatoday.69.1_2.07
Marcia C. Schenck
{"title":"A Different Class of Refugee: University Scholarships and Developmentalism in Late 1960s Africa","authors":"Marcia C. Schenck","doi":"10.2979/africatoday.69.1_2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.69.1_2.07","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Using documents assembled in connection with the 1967 Conference on the Legal, Economic and Social Aspects of African Refugee Problems, this article discusses African refugee higher-education discourses in the 1960s at the level of international organizations, volunteer agencies, and government representatives. Education and development history have recently been studied together, but this article focuses on the history of refugee higher education, which, it argues, needs to be understood within the development framework of human-capital theory, meant to support political pan-African concerns for a decolonized continent and merged with humanitarian arguments to create a hybrid form of humanitarian developmentalism. The article zooms in on higher-education scholarships, above all for refugees from Southern Africa, as a means of support for human-capital development. It shows that refugee higher education was both a result and a driver of increased international exchanges, as evidenced at the 1967 conference.","PeriodicalId":39703,"journal":{"name":"Africa Today","volume":"69 1","pages":"134 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47737313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Refugees in the Imperial Order of Things: Citizen, Subject, and Polish Refugees in Africa (1942–50) 帝国秩序中的难民：非洲的公民、主体和波兰难民（1942-50）
Africa Today Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.2979/africatoday.69.1_2.02
Jochen Lingelbach
{"title":"Refugees in the Imperial Order of Things: Citizen, Subject, and Polish Refugees in Africa (1942–50)","authors":"Jochen Lingelbach","doi":"10.2979/africatoday.69.1_2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.69.1_2.02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Examining the case of some nineteen thousand Polish refugees in British colonial Africa, this article challenges the Eurocentric historiography of the post–World War II international refugee regime. These Poles, after being hosted by the colonial governments first, eventually came under the mandate of emerging UN refugee organizations that treated Europeans as internationally recognized refugees everywhere in the world. In contrast, fleeing Africans (and Asians) did not fit this category. This distinction had more to do with imperialism and race than with any geographic limitation. Conceptually, the refugee regime rests on the differentiation of refugees and national citizens, while imperial rule differentiated between European citizens and colonized subjects. I want to complicate this by emphasizing that the international refugee regime emerged in a largely imperial world signified by a tripartition into citizen, subject, and European refugee.","PeriodicalId":39703,"journal":{"name":"Africa Today","volume":"69 1","pages":"14 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46277503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Understanding Contemporary Africa, Peter J. Schraeder, ed. 《理解当代非洲》，Peter J.Schraeder主编。
Africa Today Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.2979/africatoday.69.1_2.13
Yusuf Sholeye
{"title":"Understanding Contemporary Africa, Peter J. Schraeder, ed.","authors":"Yusuf Sholeye","doi":"10.2979/africatoday.69.1_2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.69.1_2.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39703,"journal":{"name":"Africa Today","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44349588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Apartheid South Africa's Reaction to Congo's White Refuge Seekers, 1960–61 种族隔离的南非对刚果白人寻求庇护者的反应，1960-61
Africa Today Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.2979/africatoday.69.1_2.03
Lazlo Passemiers
{"title":"Apartheid South Africa's Reaction to Congo's White Refuge Seekers, 1960–61","authors":"Lazlo Passemiers","doi":"10.2979/africatoday.69.1_2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.69.1_2.03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article analyzes how and why the apartheid government and white South African society assisted white refuge seekers fleeing from the present-day Democratic Republic of Congo to South Africa in July 1960. It argues that race-based solidarity shaped how white South Africans responded to Congo's white refuge seekers, generating a momentary but widespread sense of responsibility for their well-being. This article shows how the government's reaction to these refuge seekers informed its regional and national political strategy to maintain white minority rule. The South African government's racial solidarity with Congo's refuge seekers overlapped with a desire to bolster white population numbers and depict South Africa as a bastion of white refuge. Its reaction to Congo's refuge seekers therefore emphasizes how racial, regional, and national politics can work together to shape refugee policies.","PeriodicalId":39703,"journal":{"name":"Africa Today","volume":"69 1","pages":"36 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42333006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Playing Politics: The Saga of the Biafran Child Refugees in Gabon and Côte d'Ivoire during the Nigerian Civil War, 1967–70 玩政治：1967–70年尼日利亚内战期间加蓬和科特迪瓦的比亚弗兰儿童难民传奇
Africa Today Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.2979/africatoday.69.1_2.06
G. Njung
{"title":"Playing Politics: The Saga of the Biafran Child Refugees in Gabon and Côte d'Ivoire during the Nigerian Civil War, 1967–70","authors":"G. Njung","doi":"10.2979/africatoday.69.1_2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.69.1_2.06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The Nigerian Civil War forced the evacuation of some five thousand Biafran children to Gabon and Cȏte d'Ivoire, where they were camped as child refugees. History has emphasized humanitarian considerations, but newly declassified archival records reveal that acrimonious political interests determined the involvement of various actors in evacuating the children out of Nigeria and in later repatriating them. This article queries the practices by which politicians and others tended to play politics with child refugees of war. Employing a historical approach to politics and twentieth-century humanitarianism, it intersects refugee studies, politics, humanitarianism, and the war by examining the politics of evacuation, repatriation, and resettlement. In the process, it generates new questions about the children's experiences.","PeriodicalId":39703,"journal":{"name":"Africa Today","volume":"69 1","pages":"110 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47909208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kakuma Refugee Camp: Pseudopermanence in Permanent Transience Kakuma难民营：永久过渡中的伪永久性
Africa Today Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.2979/africatoday.69.1_2.08
Gerawork Teferra
{"title":"Kakuma Refugee Camp: Pseudopermanence in Permanent Transience","authors":"Gerawork Teferra","doi":"10.2979/africatoday.69.1_2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.69.1_2.08","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya, intended as temporary sanctuary for a few refugees from neighboring countries, marked its thirtieth anniversary in 2021. It hosts close to two hundred thousand people from more than twenty countries. Though it is becoming more and more urban, the lives of its residents continue to be a struggle between temporariness and permanence. Assumptions that camps and refugee status are temporary become entrenched, even as they endure across decades, making real permanence unreachable. To learn about the competing dynamics of such permanence and temporariness from lived experience, twenty refugees who have been living in camps for a decade or more contributed their experience to this research through oral-history interviews with myself, who has lived in Kakuma Refugee Camp for nine years. This article emphasizes that the change of the camp landscape from a bare desert to an urbanlike area because of a struggle to sustain life should not disguise the precarity and associated costs of adopting a pseudopermanence.","PeriodicalId":39703,"journal":{"name":"Africa Today","volume":"69 1","pages":"162 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47869799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Intra-Salafi Power Struggles: Politicization of Purity and Fragmentation of Authority in Ghana 萨拉菲内部的权力斗争：加纳纯粹的政治化和权力的碎片化
Africa Today Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2979/at.2022.a857191
Y. Dumbe
{"title":"Intra-Salafi Power Struggles: Politicization of Purity and Fragmentation of Authority in Ghana","authors":"Y. Dumbe","doi":"10.2979/at.2022.a857191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/at.2022.a857191","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines how intra-Salafi power politics has led to the politicization of religious purity and the fragmentation of the Salafi movement in Ghana. Analyzing the religious culture of Ghana, I demonstrate how the Supreme Council for Islamic Call and Research (SCICR) emerged in the 1980s, as disagreements among SCICR members led to varying interpretations of the Salafi corpus. I demonstrate how this development was rooted in a power struggle among multiple actors that could loosely be categorized as Saudi- and non-Saudi-trained Ghanaian Salafis. Using archival resources and interviews, I argue that Salafi figures’ quest for religious authority generated differences in interpreting the religious corpus, leading to politicization of the Salafi notion of religious purity and fragmentation of the movement.","PeriodicalId":39703,"journal":{"name":"Africa Today","volume":"68 1","pages":"115 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42053724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Conceptualizing the After-Crisis through Ethnographies of Postcrisis Situations in Africa 通过非洲危机后情况的民族志概念化危机后
Africa Today Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2979/africatoday.68.4.01
Maarten Bedert, A. Bochow, Rijk van Dijk
{"title":"Conceptualizing the After-Crisis through Ethnographies of Postcrisis Situations in Africa","authors":"Maarten Bedert, A. Bochow, Rijk van Dijk","doi":"10.2979/africatoday.68.4.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.68.4.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39703,"journal":{"name":"Africa Today","volume":"68 1","pages":"1 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42748838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Crisis after the Crisis: Postconflict Stigmatization of Boko Haram’s Sexual-Violence Victims in Northeastern Nigeria 一场又一场危机：尼日利亚东北部博科圣地性暴力受害者冲突后的耻辱
Africa Today Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2979/africatoday.68.4.03
Medinat Abdulazeez Malefakis
{"title":"A Crisis after the Crisis: Postconflict Stigmatization of Boko Haram’s Sexual-Violence Victims in Northeastern Nigeria","authors":"Medinat Abdulazeez Malefakis","doi":"10.2979/africatoday.68.4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.68.4.03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Victimization and stigmatization are emerging as social rubrics against victims of Boko Haram’s sexual violence in the victims’ quest to reintegrate back into their societies. These victims were used as weapons of war, as young brides, or as sex slaves. After their release, they often experience victimization once more, this time by their communities. They are tainted as so-called Boko Haram wives and feared for assumptions that they carry with them certain ideologies, beliefs, and connotations reflective of the insurgent group. Their children (born to Boko Haram fighters) are cast off, not to be touched and not allowed to associate with other children. The processes of secondary victimization bring to light localized notions of morality and purity, sometimes in unexpected settings, such as camps for internally displaced persons.","PeriodicalId":39703,"journal":{"name":"Africa Today","volume":"68 1","pages":"41 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48710545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Crisis Multiple: Divergent Experiences of Disruption and Continuity among HIV (Self-)Support Groups in Northeastern Tanzania 危机多重:坦桑尼亚东北部艾滋病毒(自我)支持团体的中断和连续性的不同经验
Africa Today Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2979/africatoday.68.4.04
D. Mattes
{"title":"The Crisis Multiple: Divergent Experiences of Disruption and Continuity among HIV (Self-)Support Groups in Northeastern Tanzania","authors":"D. Mattes","doi":"10.2979/africatoday.68.4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.68.4.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Since about 2012, rhetoric regarding the “normalization” and “nearing end” of the HIV/AIDS crisis has proliferated globally. This discursive shift is undergirded by a temporal trope of a distinct transformation of the HIV crisis into a postcrisis situation. Drawing on long-term ethnographic research within HIV (self-)support groups in Tanga, Tanzania, this article explores whether the group members’ struggles to stabilize their lives with the virus indeed attest to this representation. It argues that, rather than a unilinear and universal transition from a monolithic crisis scenario to an equally monolithic postcrisis phase, the current situation in Tanzania amounts to a dynamic and cross-scalar configuration of multiple fluctuating crises.","PeriodicalId":39703,"journal":{"name":"Africa Today","volume":"68 1","pages":"61 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45172993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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