{"title":"Studying Individual Psi Experiences","authors":"G. Schmeidler","doi":"10.30891/JOPAR.2018S.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30891/JOPAR.2018S.01.08","url":null,"abstract":": To understand psi, we must study it at multiple levels of analysis. We need a sociology of psi, examining its patterns in different cultures and social groups; life history data so that we can find causes for changes in an individual’s psi ability; research on the conditions which affect ESP and PK in short periods like a single experimental session; and we also need careful examination of the individual psi experience. The latter is particularly difficult for several reasons: (1) The duration of the individual experience is unknown (a review of spontaneous cases suggests it may last for the briefest reportable flash, perhaps a tenth or hundredth of a second, or may continue for several minutes); (2) any one hit in an ESP experiment may be due to chance, not to psi; (3) psi often gives imperfect information (only partially correct or systematically misdirected); and (4) psi is not ordinarily under conscious control.","PeriodicalId":39641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parapsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44666523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eight Decades of Psi Research: Highlights in the Journal of Parapsychology","authors":"C. Alvarado","doi":"10.30891/JOPAR.2018S.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30891/JOPAR.2018S.01.03","url":null,"abstract":": This is a short review of the 80 years of existence of the Journal of Parapsychology . Founded in 1937, the journal articulated the experimental research program of J. B. Rhine and his associates at Duke University. Highlights of the journal are discussed, starting with examples of articles reporting experiments of extrasensory perception and psychokinesis. Also discussed are articles about spontaneous cases, the presentation of novel and creative approaches, critiques and discussions, overviews of the field, J. B. Rhine’s use of the Journal of Parapsychology to prescribe for the field, and concepts and theories. The Journal of Parapsychology is seen as an important influence in the development of parapsychology.","PeriodicalId":39641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parapsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47573028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some Basic Experiments in Extra-sensory Perception: A Background","authors":"J. Rhine","doi":"10.30891/JOPAR.2018S.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30891/JOPAR.2018S.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"EXTRA-SENSORY perception, under the headings of “telepathy” and “clairvoyance”2, is not new to science, nor to its psychological branch. Many psychologists have given active attention to it3, and some have contributed to the evidence for its occurrence. Among the latter are Bechterew4, Brugmanns5, Coover6, Estabrooks7, and Janet8. Of these, Coover apparently did not recognize his own contributions at the time, but several critics have since agreed that his results are positive, while Janet has simply remained silent regarding his findings, allowing others to interpret them. The Danish psychologist, Lehmann, who, with Hansen, offered the only serious criticism of the early telepathic studies, later came hirnself to be convinced of its actual occurrence.9","PeriodicalId":39641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parapsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44676866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Precognition of a Quantum Process","authors":"H. Schmidt","doi":"10.30891/JOPAR.2018S.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30891/JOPAR.2018S.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"In two precognition experiments, the subjects were faced with four colored lamps which were lit in random sequence. Their objective was to guess which of the four lamps would light up next and to press the corresponding button. In the first experiment, there were three subjects, who carried out a total of 63,066 trials. Their combined results were highly significant (p < 2 x 10-9). In the second experiment, two of the same subjects plus a third had their choice of trying to predict, as before, which lamp would light up next (to try for high score) or to choose one which would not light next (low score). In a total of 20,000 trials, the subjects were again successful in achieving their aim to a highly significant extent (p < 10-10). For providing the random target sequence, use was made of single quantum processes which may represent nature’s most elementary source of randomness. A practical advantage of the device is that it works fast and that the randomness can be easily computer tested. The author is a physicist who is particularly interested in statistical physics and the foundations of quantum theory. After teaching at universities in Germany, Canada, and the U.S. he has joined Boeing Scientific Research Laboratories. ---[Original]Ed.","PeriodicalId":39641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parapsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48430805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Assessment of the Evidence for Psychic Functioning","authors":"J. Utts","doi":"10.30891/JOPAR.2018S.01.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30891/JOPAR.2018S.01.10","url":null,"abstract":"Research on psychic functioning, conducted over a two decade period, is examined to determine whether or not the phenomenon has been scientifically established. A secondary question is whether or not it is useful for government purposes. The primary work examined in this report was gov- ernment sponsored research conducted at Stanford Research Institute, later known as SRI International, and at Science Applications International Cor- poration, known as SAIC. Using the standards applied to any other area of science, it is concluded that psychic functioning has been well established. The statistical results of the studies examined are far beyond what is expected by chance. Arguments that these results could be due to methodological flaws in the experiments are soundly refuted. Effects of similar magnitude to those found in government- sponsored research at SRI and SAIC have been replicated at a number of lab- oratories across the world. Such consistency cannot be readily explained by claims of flaws or fraud. The magnitude of psychic functioning exhibited appears to be in the range between what social scientists call a small and medium effect. That means that it is reliable enough to be replicated in properly conducted experiments, with sufficient trials to achieve the long-run statistical results needed for replicability. A number of other patterns have been found, suggestive of how to conduct more productive experiments and applied psychic functioning. For instance, it doesn't appear that a sender is needed. Precognition, in which the answer is known to no one until a future time, appears to work quite well. Recent ex- periments suggest that if there is a psychic sense then it works much like our other five senses, by detecting change. Given that physicists are currently grappling with an understanding of time, it may be that a psychic sense exists that scans the future for major change, much as our eyes scan the environ- ment for visual change or our ears allow us to respond to sudden changes in sound.","PeriodicalId":39641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parapsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47513532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"80 Years of the Journal of Parapsychology: An Historical Overview","authors":"J. Palmer","doi":"10.30891/JOPAR.2018S.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30891/JOPAR.2018S.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"In this invited article, the author reviews the history of the Journal of Parapsychology from its inception in 1937 to 2017. The focus is on published controversies and debates with critics outside the field of parapsychology, JP publication policy, and the changes in editorship.","PeriodicalId":39641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parapsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46665200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subjective Forms of Spontaneous Psi Experiences","authors":"L. E. Rhine","doi":"10.30891/JOPAR.2018S.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30891/JOPAR.2018S.01.06","url":null,"abstract":": In this study, approximately one thousand cases of spontaneous psychic experiences were analyzed to find out what range of forms the experiences more commonly took. Four main types were found: (1) Intuitive, in which the subject’s experience was a simple, unreasoned impression or hunch. (2) Hallucinatory, in which the experience was projected as if it were a sensation. (3) Unrealistic dreaming, in which the experience was characterized by fantasy. (4) Realistic dreaming, in which the imagery was almost photographically realistic. Groups (1) and (2) occurred only in the waking state.","PeriodicalId":39641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parapsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43960719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spontaneous Telepathy and the Problem of Survival","authors":"G. Murphy","doi":"10.30891/JOPAR.2018S.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30891/JOPAR.2018S.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parapsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42664161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial: Four Score (Plus) Years Ago","authors":"E. Cardeña","doi":"10.30891/JOPAR.2018S.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30891/JOPAR.2018S.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Among their many achievements, Joseph Banks Rhine and collaborators launched The Journal of Parapsychology (JP) in 1937, the foremost venue for parapsychology experimental research and surpassed in longevity only by the Journal of the Society for Psychical Research. There had been important controlled studies in parapsychology earlier on, but J. B. Rhine and his collaborators placed experimental parapsychology on a more secure footing. The eighty-plus years of JP issues would constitute an extraordinary achievement in any field, but is even more remarkable in such a contentious area as parapsychology. To avoid repeating mistakes one should be cognizant of the field’s previous history (Cardeña, 2018a) and even a cursory look at the JP indexes shows how the field has developed throughout the years. My intention for this Supplementary E-issue was to give a bird’s eye view of the coverage in the JP. My selection of articles will not make everyone completely happy but I trust that it will not make everybody surly either. My criteria to select articles for this issue were to: a) have an article per decade, 2) cover most of its main areas, 3) avoid having more than one article by the same author, and 4) include papers by important women and men, giving their right due to the former (Cardeña, 2018b).","PeriodicalId":39641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parapsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48299980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Joint Communiqué: The Psi Ganzfeld Controversy","authors":"R. Hyman, C. Honorton","doi":"10.30891/JOPAR.2018S.01.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30891/JOPAR.2018S.01.09","url":null,"abstract":": Instead of continuing with another round of our debate on the psi ganzfeld experiments, we decided to collaborate on a joint communiqué. The Honorton-Hyman debate empha-sized the differences in our positions, many of these being technical in nature. But during a recent discussion, we realized that we possessed similar viewpoints on many issues concerning parapsychological research. This communiqué, then, emphasizes these points of agreement. We agree that there is an overall significant effect in this data base that cannot reasonably be explained by selective reporting or multiple analysis. We continue to differ over the degree to which the effect consti-tutes evidence for psi, but we agree that the final verdict awaits the outcome of future experiments conducted by a broader range of investigators and according to more stringent standards. We make recommendations about how such experiments should be conducted and reported. Specific recommendations are about randomization, judging and feedback procedures, multiple analysis and statistics, documentation, and the growing role we believe meta-analysis will play in the evaluation of research quality and the assessment of moderating variables. We conclude that psi researchers and their critics share many common goals, and we hope that our joint communiqué will encourage future cooperation to further these goals. written the other preparing a rejoinder when we each other at the 1986 meetings the Parapsychological Association. round of exchanges with this joint communiqué a discussion a luncheon meeting. 2, 3 During the discussion we realized that each of us not fully and accurately understood the other’s position on some of the major issues dividing us. In addition, much of our disagreement at this stage involves technicalities and differences of opinion about the proper ways to assign and rate studies on specific attributes. To put emphasis on these details detracts from the broader and more important propositions, on which we find ourselves in agreement.","PeriodicalId":39641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parapsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46162454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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