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Multimodal Human Aerobotic Interaction 多模式人机交互
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Pub Date : 2017-03-15 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2492-2.CH003
A. Abioye, S. Prior, T. G. Thomas, P. Saddington, S. Ramchurn
{"title":"Multimodal Human Aerobotic Interaction","authors":"A. Abioye, S. Prior, T. G. Thomas, P. Saddington, S. Ramchurn","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-2492-2.CH003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2492-2.CH003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses HCI interfaces used in controlling aerial robotic systems (otherwise known as aerobots). The autonomy control level of aerobot is also discussed. However, due to the limitations of existing models, a novel classification model of autonomy, specifically designed for multirotor aerial robots, called the navigation control autonomy (nCA) model is also developed. Unlike the existing models such as the AFRL and ONR, this model is presented in tiers and has a two-dimensional pyramidal structure. This model is able to identify the control void existing beyond tier-one autonomy components modes and to map the upper and lower limits of control interfaces. Two solutions are suggested for dealing with the existing control void and the limitations of the RC joystick controller –the multimodal HHI-like interface and the unimodal BCI interface. In addition to these, some human factors based performance measurement is recommended, and the plans for further works presented.","PeriodicalId":395458,"journal":{"name":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132247454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Autonomous Systems in a Military Context (Part 1) 军事背景下的自治系统(第1部分)
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-8365-3.ch018
Tim McFarland, Jai C. Galliott
{"title":"Autonomous Systems in a Military Context (Part 1)","authors":"Tim McFarland, Jai C. Galliott","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8365-3.ch018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8365-3.ch018","url":null,"abstract":"While some are reluctant to admit it, we are witnessing a fundamental shift in the way that advanced militaries conduct their core business of fighting. Increasingly autonomous ‘unmanned' systems are taking on the ‘dull, dirty and dangerous' roles in the military, leaving human war fighters to assume an oversight role or focus on what are often more cognitively demanding tasks. To this end, many military forces already hold unmanned systems that crawl, swim and fly, performing mine disposal, surveillance and more direct combat roles. Having found their way into the military force structure quite rapidly, especially in the United States, there has been extensive debate concerning the legality and ethicality of their use. These topics often converge, but what is legal will not necessarily be moral, and vice versa. The authors' contribution comes in clearly separating the two parts. In this paper, they provide a detailed survey of the legality of employing autonomous weapons systems in a military context.","PeriodicalId":395458,"journal":{"name":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117060869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cockroach Inspired Shelter Seeking for Holonomic Swarms of Flying Robots 蟑螂灵感的庇护所寻找完整的飞行机器人群
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-9572-6.CH025
H. Shahbazi, J. C. Barca
{"title":"Cockroach Inspired Shelter Seeking for Holonomic Swarms of Flying Robots","authors":"H. Shahbazi, J. C. Barca","doi":"10.4018/978-1-4666-9572-6.CH025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9572-6.CH025","url":null,"abstract":"In computer science, the study of mimicking nature has given rise to Swarm Intelligence, a distributed system of autonomous agents interacting with each other to collectively perform intelligent tasks. This chapter investigates how groups of holonomic flying robots such as quad copters can seek shelter autonomously when encountering bad weather. In this context three alternative autonomous shelter seeking techniques that address the unsolved plateau-problem had to be implemented. The methods were inspired by cockroaches and hunting strategies observed in apex predators. Previous studies on cockroaches have provided facts about their behaviour and resulted in algorithms that can be used for robotic systems. This research builds on these previous studies by formulating three alternative techniques and carrying out a comprehensive analysis of their performance. Simulation results confirm a scalable system where swarms of flying robots successfully find shelters in 3-D environments.","PeriodicalId":395458,"journal":{"name":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124990856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Applications of Decision-Support Systems in Sociotechnical Systems 决策支持系统在社会技术系统中的应用
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-3108-1.CH006
T. Shmelova, Y. Sikirda
{"title":"Applications of Decision-Support Systems in Sociotechnical Systems","authors":"T. Shmelova, Y. Sikirda","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-3108-1.CH006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3108-1.CH006","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, the authors present conceptual models of decision support systems (DSS) and Expert systems (ES) for Human-Operator (H-O) of Air Navigation System (ANS), such as air traffic controller (ATC) in flight emergencies, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) operator, Safety Management System (SMS), etc. The authors made an analysis of the International civil aviation organization (ICAO) documents on risk assessment and the impact of the social environment on the aviation system. Automated system of pre-flight information preparation with intelligent module for support the decision making (DM) about aircraft departure are presented and program realization of systems are shown. The authors obtained algorithm of determining the optimal aerodrome for the forced landing of aircraft is provided. Expert systems of aviation enterprise's estimation were developed. Inhomogeneous factors of internal and external management environment of aviation enterprise were generalized using set-theoretical approach. This gave possibilities to define that the level of safety of aviation activity has the greatest influence among factors of internal environment and global economic situation – among factors of external environment. The authors demonstrate some interesting applications of DM in Socio-Technical Systems (STS). The DSS for H-O of ANS in the emergency situational were developed. Examples of DSS: DSS of ATC in the emergency situational; the flight dispatcher's DSS; DSS of UAV's operator, etc. In addition, the chapter presents some cases of DSS developed by the authors and colleagues at National Aviation University, Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":395458,"journal":{"name":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127383160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Cross-Layer Scheme for Meeting QoS Requirements of Flying Ad-Hoc Networks 满足飞行Ad-Hoc网络QoS需求的跨层方案
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-8365-3.ch004
B. Khan, R. Bilal
{"title":"Cross-Layer Scheme for Meeting QoS Requirements of Flying Ad-Hoc Networks","authors":"B. Khan, R. Bilal","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8365-3.ch004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8365-3.ch004","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs), enabling ad-hoc networking between highly mobile Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), are gaining importance in several military, commercial and civilian applications. The sensitivity of these missions requires precise and prompt data delivery. Thus, the most important communication requirements that need to be addressed while designing FANETs are of high reliability and low latency. Considering these demands, this chapter focusses on mobility models, MAC protocols and routing protocols.","PeriodicalId":395458,"journal":{"name":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126951981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lethal Military Robots 致命军用机器人
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-8365-3.ch017
Lambèr M. M. Royakkers, Peter Olsthoorn
{"title":"Lethal Military Robots","authors":"Lambèr M. M. Royakkers, Peter Olsthoorn","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8365-3.ch017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8365-3.ch017","url":null,"abstract":"Although most unmanned systems that militaries use today are still unarmed and predominantly used for surveillance, it is especially the proliferation of armed military robots that raises some serious ethical questions. One of the most pressing concerns the moral responsibility in case a military robot uses violence in a way that would normally qualify as a war crime. In this chapter, the authors critically assess the chain of responsibility with respect to the deployment of both semi-autonomous and (learning) autonomous lethal military robots. They start by looking at military commanders because they are the ones with whom responsibility normally lies. The authors argue that this is typically still the case when lethal robots kill wrongly – even if these robots act autonomously. Nonetheless, they next look into the possible moral responsibility of the actors at the beginning and the end of the causal chain: those who design and manufacture armed military robots, and those who, far from the battlefield, remotely control them.","PeriodicalId":395458,"journal":{"name":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125469206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role of Affective Computing for Improving Situation Awareness in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Operations 情感计算在提高无人机作战态势感知中的作用
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-8365-3.ch013
J. Bishop
{"title":"The Role of Affective Computing for Improving Situation Awareness in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Operations","authors":"J. Bishop","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8365-3.ch013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8365-3.ch013","url":null,"abstract":"Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, are a robotic form of military aircraft that are remotely operated by humans. Due to lack of situation awareness, such technology has led to the deaths of civilians through the inaccurate targeting of missile or gun attacks. This chapter presents the case for how a patented invention can be used to reduce civilian casualties through attaching an affect recognition sensor to a UAV that uses a database of strategies, tactics and commands to better instruct fighter pilots on how to respond while in combat so as to avoid misinterpreting civilians as combatants. The chapter discusses how this system, called VoisJet, can reduce many of the difficulties that come about for UAV pilots, including reducing cognitive load and opportunity for missing data. The chapter concludes that using UAVs fitted with VoisJet could allow for the reduction of the size of standing armies so that defence budgets are not overstretched outside of peacetime.","PeriodicalId":395458,"journal":{"name":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130968823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dynamic Modeling and Control Techniques for a Quadrotor 四旋翼飞行器动态建模与控制技术
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-7387-8.CH014
H. Elkholy, M. Habib
{"title":"Dynamic Modeling and Control Techniques for a Quadrotor","authors":"H. Elkholy, M. Habib","doi":"10.4018/978-1-4666-7387-8.CH014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7387-8.CH014","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents the detailed dynamic model of a Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) type Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) known as the quadrotor. The mathematical model is derived based on Newton Euler formalism. This is followed by the development of a simulation environment on which the developed model is verified. Four control algorithms are developed to control the quadrotor's degrees of freedom: a linear PID controller, Gain Scheduling-based PID controller, nonlinear Sliding Mode, and Backstepping controllers. The performances of these controllers are compared through the developed simulation environment in terms of their dynamic performance, stability, and the effect of possible disturbances.","PeriodicalId":395458,"journal":{"name":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133816629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Robots in Warfare and the Occultation of the Existential Nature of Violence 战争中的机器人和暴力存在本质的隐藏
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-8592-5.CH011
R. Searle
{"title":"Robots in Warfare and the Occultation of the Existential Nature of Violence","authors":"R. Searle","doi":"10.4018/978-1-4666-8592-5.CH011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8592-5.CH011","url":null,"abstract":"We are at the cusp of a revolution in the development of autonomous weapons, yet current arguments both for and against such weapons are insufficient to the task at hand. In the context of Just war theory, arguments for and against the use of autonomous weapons focus on Jus in bello and in doing so miss addressing the implications of these weapons for the two other aspects of that theory- Jus ad bellum and Jus post bellum. This paper argues that fully autonomous weapons would likely undermine adherence to the Jus ad bellum and Jus post bellum prescriptions of Just war theory, but remote controlled weapons, if designed with ethical concerns in mind, might improve adherence to all of the theory's prescriptions compared to war as currently waged from a distance, as well as help to undo the occlusion of violence which has been a fundamental characteristic of all forms of modern war.","PeriodicalId":395458,"journal":{"name":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129542859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Intelligent Drones Improved With Algae Algorithm 藻类算法改进智能无人机
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2990-3.CH012
Alberto Ochoa Ortiz-Zezzatti, Tania Olivier, Raymundo Camarena, Guadalupe Gutiérrez, Daniel Axpeitia, Irving Vázque
{"title":"Intelligent Drones Improved With Algae Algorithm","authors":"Alberto Ochoa Ortiz-Zezzatti, Tania Olivier, Raymundo Camarena, Guadalupe Gutiérrez, Daniel Axpeitia, Irving Vázque","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-2990-3.CH012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2990-3.CH012","url":null,"abstract":"Implement an optimal arrangement of equipment, instrumentation and medical personnel based on the weight and balance of the aircraft and transfer humanitarian aid in a Drone, by implementing artificial intelligence algorithms. This due to the problems presented by geographical layout of human settlements in southeast of the state of Chihuahua. The importance of this research is to understand from a Multivariable optimization associated with the path of a group of airplanes associated with different kind of aerial improve the evaluate flooding and send medical support and goods to determine the optimal flight route involve speed, storage and travel resources for determining the cost benefit have partnered with a travel plan to rescue people, which has as principal basis the orography airstrip restriction, although this problem has been studied on several occasions by the literature failed to establish by supporting ubiquitous computing for interacting with the various values associated with the achievement of the group of drones and their cost-benefit of each issue of the company and comparing their individual trips for the rest of group. There are several factors that can influence in the achievement of a group of Drones for our research we propose to use a Bioinspired Algorithm.","PeriodicalId":395458,"journal":{"name":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114698950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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