{"title":"Aviation's next generation global CNS/ATM system","authors":"R. Crow","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2002.998921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2002.998921","url":null,"abstract":"The 9/11/01 attack signaled a need for changes in civil aviation - changes that would guarantee safer aviation travel. While the 1994 Federal Radionavigation Plan would have left aircraft guidance totally vulnerable to terrorist jamming of the augmented GPS signals as a \"sole means\" for navigation and landing guidance, the 1999 NAS Plan partially mitigates this upcoming loss of flight safety. Moreover, this present plan has serious shortcomings in needed aviation functions and is overly costly. At this time there is a need to consider the next generation CNS/ATM system, which will provide all of aviation's functions effectively with safety and economy. The Integrated Global Surveillance and Guidance System (IGSAGS) is a prime candidate, and its functions and operation will be described.","PeriodicalId":394240,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37284)","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131651399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A study of optimal target's position in ARPA system","authors":"K. Murai, Y. Hayashi, S. Inokuchi, S. Takaoka","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2002.998901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2002.998901","url":null,"abstract":"Automatic Radar Plotting Aids (ARPA) is one of instruments for safe navigation, and ARPA system needs some input data to calculate ARPA information, which are own ship's course, own ship's speed and a target position (ARPA position). Here, a target position of radar echo signal reflected from a target is fluctuating scan to scan and pulse to pulse. We think that this fluctuation influence an accuracy of ARPA information. We propose four kinds of ARPA position, and an optimum position in ARPA system is the nearest point to own ship in the centerline bisecting the echo signal or area center point in our study. In short, four target positions are 1) Peak point, 2) Center point 3) Nearest point, 4) Area center point. Also, radar echo signal is collected from Training Ship FUKAE-MARU in Kobe University of Mercantile Marine (KUMM) off marine practical center by using radar signal analysis system of our research room. We carried out ARPA simulation by using distribution function of our ARPA positions fluctuation measured.","PeriodicalId":394240,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37284)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125096187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microstrip antennas for GPS applications","authors":"M. Ingalls, D. Smith","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2002.998884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2002.998884","url":null,"abstract":"Design and testing of circularly polarized probe-fed single-layer microstrip patch antennas for GPS applications are presented. An-echoic chamber antenna range measurements on a variety of patch elements is discussed and tabulated showing the effects of element size, around plane size, symmetry, and proximity of scatterers (such as a battery). \"Real world\" performance of selected patch element and ground plane combinations are discussed and tabulated. These results are intended to compare the design of an element for its intended environment and its antenna range measurements to the performance of a complete system.","PeriodicalId":394240,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37284)","volume":"17 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134393174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal anti-jam attitude determination using the global positioning system","authors":"M. Markel, E. Sutton, H. Zinuda","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2002.998883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2002.998883","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops the mathematical basis for a GPS based attitude determination (AD) system that performs even in the presence of strong external interference. This is accomplished by approaching the AD problem from an antenna array viewpoint and using phase and amplitude information, vice using only phase information as in \"conventional\" AD systems. By redefining the array response vector used in array processing, a Maximum Likelihood Attitude Estimator (MLAE) is developed. This paper shows that the MLAE is a consistent estimator, and its performance asymptotically achieves the Cramer-Rao Bound. Simulation based performance results of the MLAE are presented for various antenna topologies and interference scenarios, showing that it offers a significant improvement over the conventional attitude determination methods.","PeriodicalId":394240,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37284)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133492881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. M. Hays, R. G. Schmidt, W.A. Wilson, J. Campbell, D. Heckman, M. Gokhale
{"title":"A submarine navigator for the 21/sup st/ century","authors":"K. M. Hays, R. G. Schmidt, W.A. Wilson, J. Campbell, D. Heckman, M. Gokhale","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2002.998906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2002.998906","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in technology on multiple fronts will enable new and improved approaches to precision navigation of submarines. Improvements in interferometric fiber optic gyro (IFOG) technology have made it possible to use IFOGs in a high accuracy navigator. The use of spherical gimbals for improved temperature control and inertial instrument error autocompensation has been made practical by computer-controlled machining. The use of sonar in certain covert situations will become more prevalent, facilitated by lower power sonar systems and advances in signal processing technology. Satellite based altimetry will make it possible to compensate for gravity deflections using lookup tables. Satellite altimetry will also allow us to make tables of gravity anomaly and ocean depth available to the overall navigation process. Using these advances, it is possible to use measured gravity anomaly from the ship's IMU and sonar soundings from its sonar array to estimate and correct navigation position errors. A navigator is currently being developed at Boeing that will incorporate these new developments as well as the traditional velocity log, pressure depth meter, and Global Positioning System aiding. The new inertial navigator outputs, as well as the set of currently available navigational aid outputs, are combined in a series of filters that allow for the detection and removal of transient errors to furnish the best available position, velocity and attitude to the ship's systems.","PeriodicalId":394240,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37284)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115593787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chun-Hsin Wu, A. Cheng, Shao-Ting Lee, Jan-Ming Ho
{"title":"An AutoPC for supporting in-vehicle navigation and location-based multimedia services","authors":"Chun-Hsin Wu, A. Cheng, Shao-Ting Lee, Jan-Ming Ho","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2002.998912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2002.998912","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid progress in the development of wireless technology, the bandwidth of wireless local area network (WLAN) is getting higher and its outdoor transmission distance is also getting longer. It becomes feasible to build a regional communication infrastructure in local areas, e.g., in the campus of an institute or a university, using WLAN. Thus, the design of new generation on-board PCs aims not only to provide conventional navigation services in rural or urban areas, but also to deploy integrated multimedia services in regional areas such as campuses. In this paper we present our design of in-vehicle navigation and location-based multimedia applications in an 802.11b wireless environment. It supports mobile communication based on IETF mobile IP standards with route optimization, smooth handoff, and fast handoff. Furthermore, in order to encourage fast deployment and to reduce system costs, we utilized open technologies in designing our prototype system. The developed AutoPC is a real-time embedded system platform on a single-board PC with GPS, featured by a downsized embedded Linux and a bilingual windows system. The platform supports applications such as in-vehicle navigation, real-time traffic information, MP3 player, and MPEG-4 streaming through mobile IPv4. This prototype is evaluated on a campus-wide 802.11b network, where two neighboring access points are placed about 150 meters apart from each other along the roadside such that a road in the campus is fully covered by 802.11b radio signals. Our preliminary experiments show that the low handoff overhead makes it possible for an in-vehicle AutoPC to run video streaming application seamlessly on the road even when the car speed is up to 50 km/hr. Besides, a 486-level platform is powerful enough to support in-vehicle navigation and to play MP3 smoothly, but a more powerful CPU is required to run our RTP-based MPEG-4 video streaming applications.","PeriodicalId":394240,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37284)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116162172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electro-optical ultra sensitive accelerometer","authors":"R. Waters, M. Aklufi, T. E. Jones","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2002.998886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2002.998886","url":null,"abstract":"We present a novel optical transducer concept in the initial stages of development that promises to be inexpensive, small, lightweight, highly sensitive and durable. The successful development of this sensor will result in an optical accelerometer with resolution under 1 /spl mu/g (1g=9.8 m/s/sup 2/), which is two to three orders of magnitude more sensitive than current state-of-the-art MEMS-based accelerometers. This accelerometer is also expected to have a wide dynamic range with a resolution under 1 /spl mu/g at 100 Hz and improved low frequency response over existing MEMS technologies. This will yield much improved velocity and acceleration aiding to GPS tracking loops under high dynamic conditions, permitting continued low bandwidth tracking, a concomitant mitigation of external noise, and an increased jamming immunity. Also, the successful development of this accelerometer may enable the use of Distributed Tactical Navigation Tools (DISTANT) IMUs where distributed ultra-sensitive accelerometers may replace one or more expensive gyroscopes in an integrated IMU system.","PeriodicalId":394240,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37284)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121490489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A merging of system technologies: all-accelerometer inertial navigation and gravity gradiometry","authors":"A. Zorn","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2002.998890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2002.998890","url":null,"abstract":"Significant research has been conducted in recent decades on developing a practical all-accelerometer inertial navigation system and on developing a practical moving-base gravity gradiometer. The former strives to measure kinematic motion in the presence of unwanted variations in gravity; the latter endeavors to measure variations in gravity in the presence of unwanted motion. Thus, goes the adage, one person's signal is another person's noise. In this paper, a mathematical relationship is derived that links the two concepts together. It is demonstrated that a complete solution to real-time navigation and gravity gradient determination can be performed simultaneously and unambiguously using all-accelerometer inertial measurements only. Although the separation of gravity from kinematic motion appears to violate Einstein's principle of equivalence, this is not the case. Nonetheless, accelerometer technology is not yet of sufficient maturity to allow a practical implementation of this concept, but advances certainly are being made that could result in a practical implementation perhaps within a decade.","PeriodicalId":394240,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37284)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115084096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Indoor GPS theory & implementation","authors":"F. van Diggelen","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2002.998914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2002.998914","url":null,"abstract":"A Global Positioning System (GPS) that works in cell-phones, and indoors, is the key to consumer applications that will dramatically improve our quality of life. GPS applications will do this by increasing two priceless resources: our security and our time. In this paper we outline the key applications of GPS in cell-phones and similar wireless devices. Most of these applications require the GPS to work indoors, and we provide an outline of the theory of indoor GPS, showing that GPS can indeed be made to work in most places that cell-phones work. Indoor GPS, or more precisely high-sensitivity GPS, is a combination of assisted-GPS (A-GPS) and massive parallel correlation. This paper describes both these components, with examples of each, and provides test results showing the theory in practice.","PeriodicalId":394240,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37284)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122702939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advanced landing guidance with global surveillance and navigation","authors":"R. Crow","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2002.998908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2002.998908","url":null,"abstract":"The present plan for civil aviation in the coming years is to utilize augmented GPS. Although GPS is an excellent system for innumerable applications, it has serious limitations for civil aviation, including lack of functions, high cost and, most serious, lack of security, in particular, loss of landing guidance. The Integrated Global Surveillance and Guidance System is described which has solutions to these limitations including substantial advances in landing guidance.","PeriodicalId":394240,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37284)","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123137580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}