{"title":"International HARM Precision Navigation Upgrade. A GPS/INS missile upgrade that improves effectiveness and minimizes friendly-fire accidents","authors":"T. Loffler, J. Nielson","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2002.998896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2002.998896","url":null,"abstract":"The High Speed Anti-radiation Missile (HARM) is an air to surface tactical missile designed to seek and destroy enemy radar-equipped air defense systems. Unfortunately, the HARM is \"no respector of persons\", and it has been known, most notably during the Gulf War, to attack \"friendly\" targets. The international HARM Upgrade Project is a tri-national missile technology project sponsored by the United States, Italian, and German governments. The HARM Precision Navigation Upgrade (PNU) program has as its goal, the development and installation of a PNU into the HARM that will improve the weapon's effectiveness, while nearly eliminating the likelihood of fratricide. The precision navigation system consists of a modem SAASM (Selective Availability Anti-Spoofing Module) based Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver (NavStrike/sup TM/, Rockwell Collins Government Systems), and an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), consisting of state-of-the-art Fiber Optic Gyros (FOG MFORS-1, Litef) and modem micro-machined accelerometers (B-290 Triad, Litef).","PeriodicalId":394240,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37284)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123551980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strategies for estimating tropospheric delays with GPS","authors":"P. Collins, Y. Mireault, P. Héroux","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2002.998898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2002.998898","url":null,"abstract":"Until recently, the tropospheric zenith delay (TZD) was considered a nuisance parameter of the GPS observation model. However, as the requirements of the weather forecasting community have become better understood, the possible use of TZDs in weather forecasting has been recognized. There are a number of strategies available to process GPS data and produce TZDs. The complexity of some of these strategies can be significant and may even be prohibitive for non-GPS specialists. With suitable infrastructure and precise GPS products however, the complex strategies can be simplified for efficient production of TZDs. The Geodetic Survey Division (GSD) of Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) supports a GPS tracking station and communication infrastructure and computes GPS satellite products suitable for TZD estimation. This paper describes the GPS products, and different approaches, for TZD recovery and compares them in terms of accuracy, availability and operational merits.","PeriodicalId":394240,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37284)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114935390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"USNO time and you","authors":"D. Matsakis","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2002.998927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2002.998927","url":null,"abstract":"No one can stop time, but time can stop a system. Users need to be aware of the different flavors of time, depending upon their needs. Most systems require that all their components be on a common time (synchrony), but they can't keep them on time unless they are also on a common frequency (syntony). Other systems simply require syntony. The U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO) is the timing reference for GPS. Its Master Clock (MC) is based upon 72 HP5071 cesium and 17 hydrogen maser frequency standards in three buildings and two sites, and their data are used to generate UTC(USNO). The USNO disseminates and distributes the time not only via GPS, but also with Loran, Network Time Protocol (NTP), and Two-Way-Satellite Time-Transfer (TWSTT). Our emphasis is on robustness through repeated calibration and multiplicity of systems, and we recommend this for our users as well.","PeriodicalId":394240,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37284)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116302399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Christie, R. Fuller, J. Nichols, A. Chen, R. Hayward, K. Gromov, T. Pfafman
{"title":"Development and deployment of GPS wireless devices for E911 and location based services","authors":"J. Christie, R. Fuller, J. Nichols, A. Chen, R. Hayward, K. Gromov, T. Pfafman","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2002.998889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2002.998889","url":null,"abstract":"The Federal Communications Commission recognized as early as 1994 that the rapid adoption of wireless technology in the USA was destined to put additional strain on emergency dispatch and rescue personnel due to the absence of any location information associated with a wireless handset. Previously, the FCC had gone to considerable effort to ensure that all landline phones were associated with an unambiguous street address, so that rescue personnel could be dispatched efficiently during a 911 call. The FCC was compelled by their duties to establish a mandate for the development of \"Automatic Location Identification\" (ALI) technology by the wireless industry. This paper outlines a system that requires no changes to the wireless network and can provide a wide range of location capabilities, including precise location solutions with GPS. This system was designed for flexibility, and can be used for both commercial location-based services, as well as E911/PSAP solutions.","PeriodicalId":394240,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37284)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121493365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Space weather predictions service for safety-critical GPS applications","authors":"S. Skone, M. El-Gizawy, S. M. Shrestha","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2002.998903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2002.998903","url":null,"abstract":"Enhanced ionospheric effects may exist during space weather events, leading to degradations in GPS performance and positioning accuracies. This issue is a concern for reliable operation of safety-critical GPS systems, such as marine DGPS services or Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) for aviation applications. These storm-related effects tend to peak in the years following solar maximum, and will continue to be a concern for GPS applications over the next few years (2002-2003). In order to provide timely predictions of space weather events, we have recently investigated an ionospheric warning and alert system for GPS applications. Predictive capabilities are based on space weather parameters provided by the United States Space Environment Center at NOAA. The impact of ionospheric activity on GPS performance has been quantified using several years of GPS data from the North American sector, with a focus on marine and aviation applications. We have established strong correlations between GPS performance and various ionospheric phenomena, and we are able to provide space weather predictions for GPS users up to six hours in advance.","PeriodicalId":394240,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37284)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125913782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Fuller, J. Christie, J. Nichols, A. Chen, R. Hayward, K. Gromov, T. Pfafman
{"title":"A highly flexible and scalable system for location determination of wireless devices","authors":"R. Fuller, J. Christie, J. Nichols, A. Chen, R. Hayward, K. Gromov, T. Pfafman","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2002.998913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2002.998913","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past several years numerous positioning technologies have been presented to the wireless industry for the location of devices in their network. The solutions have ranged from crude location capabilities that have little or no impact on the infrastructure of the wireless network to very precise location only after tremendous changes to the network. This paper will outline a system that requires no changes to the wireless network and can provide a wide range of location capabilities, including precise location solutions with GPS. This system was implemented to provide location-based service providers a platform upon which they can create solutions and deploy using existing wireless systems today.","PeriodicalId":394240,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37284)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128362768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new bit synchronization method for a GPS receiver","authors":"M. Kokkonen, S. Pietila","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2002.998893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2002.998893","url":null,"abstract":"We develop a maximum-likelihood bit synchronization algorithm. This algorithm computes an estimate of the bit energy for all possible bit boundary candidates and chooses that candidate which maximizes the energy. Means to estimate whether the received signal contains enough bit value changes are also presented. The effect of frequency error is analyzed. It is shown that small frequency errors can be tolerated. Furthermore, a way to deal with larger errors is developed. Computer simulations show that the new algorithm is efficient in handling a very weak received signal.","PeriodicalId":394240,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37284)","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127256596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal characteristics and thermal compensation of four frequency ring laser gyro","authors":"Guoyong Wu, Qitai Gu","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2002.998918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2002.998918","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies \"warm-up\" and controlled temperature ramp processes of a four frequency RLG and shows that temperature is the primary factor to bias the output of the gyro. The \"warm-up\" process can be divided into three sections corresponding to turn-on bias section (TBS), fluctuation bias section (FBS) and stabilization section (SS). For the controlled temperature ramp process, a similar phenomenon is obtained, plus a bias ramp. The experiment shows that frequency sum (SF) is approximately linear to temperature and can be calculated as the temperature strategic point. Bias can be compensated mostly by temperature, temperature gradient and temperature rate.","PeriodicalId":394240,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37284)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130886793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and implementation of MIMU/GPS integrated navigation systems","authors":"J. Shang, Gang Mao, Qitai Gu","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2002.998895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2002.998895","url":null,"abstract":"With recent research, we outline the framework of a MIMU/GPS integrated navigation system with Micro-programming Controlled Direct Memory Access (MCDMA) technique and decoupled state and bias estimation applied in. The micro-miniature inertial measurement unit (MIMU) sensor module in this system is composed of three QRS14 gyroscopes and three 3140 accelerometers which are mounted on the three orthogonal basal planes of a hexahedron. Two sets of GPS receivers are served in the GPS module so as to calculate the azimuth angle during the system initial alignment. The integrated system has both advantages of loose and tight coupling. For less computation, the decoupled state and bias estimation is applied. The constant but unknown biases of inertial components are estimated accordingly with successful simulation results.","PeriodicalId":394240,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37284)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122766637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"WAAS performance in the 2001 Alaska Flight Trials of the high speed Loran data channel","authors":"S. Lo, D. Akos, S. Houck, P. Normark, P. Enge","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2002.998926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2002.998926","url":null,"abstract":"The wide area augmentation system (WAAS) enables the Global Positioning System (GPS) to provide the performance and integrity necessary for en route flight and many landing procedures. Currently, WAAS employs two geostationary satellites to provide coverage to the United States. However, operational WAAS will require a redundant broadcast of WAAS throughout the US. Additional geostationary satellites will be used to provide some redundancy. Loran can serve as a cost-effective additional broadcast channel for WAAS. While additional geostationary satellites are still necessary, Loran can further augment broadcast of the WAAS message particularly in terrain, urban canyons or high latitudes. Using Loran has some appealing features. First, Loran can be modified to attain the capacity to support the WAAS message. Second, it could also provide a reversionary positioning capability in case the GPS/WAAS signal is lost due to radio frequency interference (RFI). Loran can be particularly helpful in Alaska, where terrain combined with high latitudes could block the signal from the geostationary satellite that appears low in the Alaskan sky. This paper describes the flight and ground tests of the reception of WAAS from Loran and the geostationary satellite.","PeriodicalId":394240,"journal":{"name":"2002 IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37284)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116692334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}