Biodiversity最新文献

{"title":"The price of gold? A note on the illegal trade in Asiatic golden cats and other small felids between Mizoram (India) and Myanmar","authors":"Amit Kumar Bal, S. Gouda, A. Giordano","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2211051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2211051","url":null,"abstract":"Wildlife represents an important natural resource for many rural communities, including northeastern India. Many species, in fact, have been an integral part of community lifestyles and culture, contributing to food, traditional medicine, supplemental income, and cultural rituals and practices. The link between a rural community’s socio-economic needs, its development, and its wellbeing, and that community’s dependence on wildlife resources, is complicated, making hunting challenging to disrupt. The commercial value of products coming from rarer species has increased due to growing demand among the middle class across Asia, which is having a negative impact on species populations (Pernetta 2009; Janssen and Krishnasamy 2018). In fact, wildlife trade is so profitable that it is now considered the second largest direct threat to the survival of many species, after habitat destruction (IFAW 2016). For many species, however, hunting and trafficking is the most serious threat to their existence today, and has pushed them to brink of extinction. In recent years, as tigers, leopards, and snow leopards have become rarer, and trade in their parts more challenging due to increased international regulatory policies (e.g. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, CITES), pressure on other, smaller felid species has increased. Clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa and N. diardi), Asiatic golden cats (Catopuma temminckii), and marbled cats (Pardofelis marmorata) are among those species being substituted for their larger kin, as trade in their parts has increased across Myanmar, India, China, Malaysia, and Thailand (Nijman and Shepherd 2015; Nijman et al. 2019; Morcatty et al. 2020) among other countries. Currently, the Asiatic golden cat and marbled cat are categorized as ‘Near Threatened’ on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List (McCarthy et al. 2015; Ross et al. 2016); they are also listed as Appendix I species under CITES, and are considered a Schedule I species under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972). Although widely distributed across India’s northeastern states, the status and viability of these wild populations are still unclear, although all are believed to have been declining for years. Here we report on incidents that are consistent with a flourishing illegal trade in rare small cat species along the Indo–Myanmar border.","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"109 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43753249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status of Eastern giant eland Tragelaphus derbianus gigas (Heuglin, 1863) in the Bouba-Ndjidda National Park, North Cameroon: challenges and conservation prospects","authors":"Taïga Léa Kondasso, S. A. Kamgang, P. N. Akono, Aaron Manga Mongombe, Serge Patrick Tadjo, Paul Bour, E. B. Bakwo Fils","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2210118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2210118","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The conservation of many species may be hampered by a lack of sufficient ecological data. This study is aimed at assessing the population status of the giant eland (Tragelaphus derbianus gigas) in the BoubaNdjidda National Park (BNNP). From May to September 2021, 90 line transects spaced at 2.5 km were established, with 83 of them being census-walked once. The data collected were analysed using Distance 7.2 and QGIS software. The encounter rate of giant eland sightings was 1.91 elands/km, while the encounter rate for signs of giant eland activity was 2.11 dung/km; 0.89 footprints/km, and 0.02 carcasses/km. The abundance was estimated at 2924 individuals, with a density of 1.329 individuals/km2. The giant eland population was mainly concentrated in the central part of the park while human activities were mainly concentrated in the periphery. We also observed that poaching and transhumance/pastoralism were the most common human activities in the park. Our results revealed that human activities negatively impact the antelope’s density and distribution in the BNNP.","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47749494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The life tree of ecosystems and living worlds","authors":"J. Gómez-Márquez","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2212641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2212641","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiversity refers to the variety of living species on Earth, and typically includes plants, animals, fungi, and micro-organisms (bacteria, archaea, and unicellular eukaryotes). As with the definition of life, there is no consensus in the scientific community on the definition of biodiversity. The World Wildlife Fund defines biodiversity ‘as all the different kinds of life you’ll find in one area . . .. Each of these species and organisms work together in ecosystems, like an intricate web, to maintain balance and support life’ (https://www.worldwil dlife.org/pages/what-is-biodiversity). In 1993, the United Nations Conference on Biological Diversity defined biological diversity as ‘the variability among living organisms from all sources . . . and the ecological complexes of which they are a part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems’ (https://www.cbd.int/convention/articles/?a=cbd-02). The latest consensus definition on biodiversity was proposed in 2019 by the Intergovernmental Science–Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (https://ipbes.net/glossary/biodiversity) and it reads:","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"114 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41581796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary checklist of Rubiaceae in Mt. Mariveles, Bataan, Philippines","authors":"Shiela L. Vidallon, A. Arriola","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2210110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2210110","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mt. Mariveles, a part of the Western Volcanic Chain of Luzon Island, has two trails, the Tarak ridge trail located at Mariveles, Bataan, and Pantingan Peak located at Bagac, Bataan. Tarak ridge trail is a famous place for mountaineering since it has difficult climbs near Manila. Conversely, people looking for a hiking adventure typically do the PantinganTarak Traverse which is known to mountaineers as ‘PANTARAK’. A preliminary checklist of vascular plants was done along the Tarak ridge trail but a comprehensive study on Rubiaceae in the entire mountain region has yet to be completed. Therefore, we conducted an inventory of Rubiaceae on Mt. Mariveles, Bataan. Collections were done between October 2019 and May 2022 within the area of the two trails. In total, 13 Rubiaceae species in nine genera were recorded in Mt. Mariveles, Bataan. Four endemic species of Rubiaceae were recorded in the study: Ixora macrophylla, Ixora cumingiana, Psychotria rubiginosa and the endangered Psychotria bataanensis. This study presents a checklist of Rubiaceae in Mt. Mariveles, Bataan, that will greatly contribute to the documented biodiversity of Philippine flora.","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"164 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43286970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early twenty-first century biodiversity data pinpoint key targets for bird and mammal conservation in Mindanao, Southern Philippines","authors":"Kier Celestial Dela Cruz, Sumaira S. Abdullah, A. Agduma, K. Tanalgo","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2210119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2210119","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mindanao, one of the three major groups of islands in the Philippines, is known for its diverse and unique species. Despite its biological significance, conservation efforts aimed at protecting its wildlife have been inadequate. To address this, a comprehensive biodiversity synthesis was conducted, focussing on the birds and mammals of Mindanao. This analysis was based on published papers from 2000 to 2022, aiming to identify conservation priorities at both species and site levels. This present synthesis of 69 bird and mammal articles accounted for 404 species of birds (83%) and mammals (17%). As expected, the analysis found that endemic species are more vulnerable to extinction than widely distributed species. The study also showed that endemic and threatened species in Mindanao are more dependent on increasing the remaining forest cover. This study highlights the importance of biodiversity data synthesis to aid in conserving unique species in Mindanao and the need to prioritize conservation efforts based on the distribution and vulnerability of species. Key policy insights Increasing local conservation efforts and studies in Mindanao should be prioritized, particularly for understudied species, interactions, and sites. The findings of the current synthesis support the importance of increasing forest reserves and protected areas to circumvent biodiversity loss in Mindanao. Advocating for FAIR data sharing (referring to findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) among institutions can improve the understanding of biodiversity patterns in Mindanao by ensuring easy access, integration, and reusability of data for research and conservation strategies. The approach used in this work could be applied in other taxonomic groups and sites for comparative analysis of priorities. The biodiversity patterns observed in Mindanao potentially apply to the Philippines as a whole, and these gaps need to be further addressed in future work and funding allocations.","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"146 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49640069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International conference on mountain ecosystems: biodiversity and adaptations under climate change scenario (22–24 March 2023)","authors":"A. Pandey, N. Chettri","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2210130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2210130","url":null,"abstract":"Mountains, accounting for 24% of the global terrestrial area, occur on all continents, in all latitudinal zones, and within all of the principal biomes. As fragile ecosystems, mountains represent unique areas for detecting climate change and its impacts. Mountain ecosystems are receiving increasing attention in international debates due to their rich biodiversity and the cascading effects of a warming climate on humanity. The yearly conferences under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) serve as the formal meeting of the Conference of the Parties to assess the progress in dealing with climate change. Considering the intricate link between climate change and biodiversity loss and its impact on human well-being, an international conference entitled ‘Mountain Ecosystems: Biodiversity and Adaptations under Climate Change Scenarios’ was held at the Graphic Era Deemed to Be University, Dehradun, India (22–24 March 2023). The conference hosted some of the leading research groups working on remote mountain ecosystems (i.e. Himalayan, Antarctic, and Andean). The discussions focussed on the state of biodiversity under prevailing climate change scenarios, with particular reference to adaptations and applications of socio-ecological resilience, livelihood diversification, evolving development policies, and nature-based solutions for mountain ecosystems and the people residing there. The conference involved specific discussions on three significant mountain ecosystems:","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"112 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42632083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation of marine birds","authors":"Li Fu","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2210116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2210116","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"174 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43083188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable management, critical issues and environmental services of a pastoral system in the Central Alps","authors":"Gaia Mascetti, R. Gentili, C. Ferré, Roberto Fuccella, Sara Agaba, Nicolò Pricca, G. Cabassi, M. Povolo, R. Comolli","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2192687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2192687","url":null,"abstract":"Alpine land use is possibly as old as human presence in mountain foothills and forelands. Hunting and pasturing have influenced alpine vegetation in temperate zone mountains for at least 6000 years (Gilck and Poschlod 2019). Today, pastures are one of the fundamental components of the landscape of the Alps and represent agroecosystems with high naturalistic, economic and cultural values. The origin of alpine pastures has been mainly due to productive purposes. For centuries, mountain animal husbandry and pasture feeding have provided highquality dairy products, thanks to the high biodiversity of plant species found in mountain pastures, which gives the product a high nutritional and organoleptic value (Collomb et al. 2008). The quality of these products is also influenced by the welfare of the livestock, which is largely due to their freedom of movement and the ability to choose a ‘natural’ diet through freegrazing management (Villalba et al. 2015). Today, the use of alpine pastures also exerts a crucial role in handing down culture and traditions of mountain communities and in preserving and promoting historical infrastructure (Battaglini et al. 2014). Pastures have also gained a tourism significance since they have made aesthetically attractive mountain landscapes easily accessible and usable for hiking and other sport practices (Pachoud et al. 2020; Schirpke et al. 2016). Other important ecosystem services carried out by pastures are related to the environment. Through their work, farmers actively contribute to the maintenance of a usable landscape, biodiversity conservation and soil protection. Proper herd management and optimal grazing pressure are essential to meet livestock food demands, maintain healthy grass cover, and prevent soil degradation (Baronti et al. 2022). Soil conservation is crucial to preserve ecosystem services such as biomass production, carbon sequestration, and water retention capacity. Effective pastoral system management promotes plant biodiversity (Yuan et al. 2016) and supports other organisms, safeguarding wildlife habitats and providing food for herbivorous animals. Additionally, pastures mitigate natural hazards by serving as open spaces that play a crucial role in fighting forest fires, particularly in resinous forests. Unfortunately, in the last century, as a result of the depopulation of mountain regions, pasture-based systems have suffered severe abandonment (Battaglini et al. 2014). The abandonment and low grazing pressure of a pasture lead to a progressive ecological succession (Cislaghi et al. 2019), favouring the spread of undemanding herbaceous species of low foraging value (such as Nardus stricta) and, when pastures are below the forest line, the recolonization of tree and shrub species (such as Larix decidua, Picea abies, Rhododendron ferrugineum and Vaccinium spp.). This phenomenon, called renaturation, causes a loss of forage biomass productivity, plant biodiversity (Yuan et al. 2016) and ecosystem se","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"79 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48839491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental anthropology and the interpretation of landscapes: review of The fluvial imagination","authors":"M. Root-Bernstein","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2194860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2194860","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"105 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48140089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends, patterns and determinants of biodiversity conservation outcomes in Buxa Tiger Reserve, West Bengal, India","authors":"Uttam Das, B. Behera","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2195829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2195829","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper analyses the trends, patterns and determinants of biodiversity conservation in the Buxa Tiger Reserve (BTR), India. Temporal remote sensing data from 1990 to 2020 shows a loss of 27.69 km2. The results show that the total forest area has seen a significant decline from 1990 to 2020, whereas non-forest and degraded forest areas have been on the rise. The decline of forest area is observed more in fringe and lower altitude areas where accessibility is easy for humans to extract forest resources. The secondary data shows a decline in the wildlife population including the flagship species, the Bengal tiger. The decline in natural resources due to human activities in the BTR is likely to continue unless a participatory biodiversity conservation programme is established. The establishment of the Joint Forest Management Committee (JFMC), a formal local institution where local communities and forest departments (FDs) jointly share the rights and responsibility towards the use and management of the forest, seems to be effective in reducing negative forest activities. The sustainability of the BTR is possible if the local people abandon the ‘tragedy of the commons’ activities and work together, with government guidance for the promotion of livelihoods and biodiversity conservation.","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"2 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43137427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}