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Multinational Pharmaceutical Companies Shortchange Canada in Research and Development Investments: Is It Time to Pursue Other Options? 跨国制药公司在研发投资上欺骗加拿大:是时候寻求其他选择了吗?
Healthcare Policy Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.12927/hcpol.2023.27038
Shoo K Lee, Sukhy K Mahl, Jessica J Green, Joel Lexchin
{"title":"Multinational Pharmaceutical Companies Shortchange Canada in Research and Development Investments: Is It Time to Pursue Other Options?","authors":"Shoo K Lee,&nbsp;Sukhy K Mahl,&nbsp;Jessica J Green,&nbsp;Joel Lexchin","doi":"10.12927/hcpol.2023.27038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12927/hcpol.2023.27038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1987, the government passed legislation to protect brand-name pharmaceutical firms against competition from generic drug brands in exchange for economic investment in Canadian pharmaceutical research and development (R&D). Since 2002, brand-name pharmaceutical companies' R&D investments have fallen short of their commitment, while Canadians now pay the fourth highest drug prices of all the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member countries. In this article, we examine the degree to which brand-name pharmaceutical companies have fallen short of their promises, discuss whether a patent policy is the best strategy to secure Canadian pharmaceutical R&D funding and propose practical alternatives to this arrangement.</p>","PeriodicalId":39389,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare Policy","volume":"18 3","pages":"17-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/36/f0/policy-18-017.PMC10019517.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9499505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Pharmacist Disciplinary Action: What Do Pharmacists Get in Trouble for? 药剂师纪律处分：药剂师会因为什么惹上麻烦？
Healthcare Policy Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.12927/hcpol.2023.27034
Ai-Leng Foong-Reichert, Kelly A Grindrod, David J Edwards, Zubin Austin, Sherilyn K D Houle
{"title":"Pharmacist Disciplinary Action: What Do Pharmacists Get in Trouble for?","authors":"Ai-Leng Foong-Reichert, Kelly A Grindrod, David J Edwards, Zubin Austin, Sherilyn K D Houle","doi":"10.12927/hcpol.2023.27034","DOIUrl":"10.12927/hcpol.2023.27034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to determine the reasons for disciplinary action and resultant consequences for Canadian pharmacists and any associations with demographic factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Regulatory body disciplinary action cases from 10 Canadian provinces were coded. Demographic information was coded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 665 pharmacist cases from nine provinces between January 2010 and December 2020. The rate of disciplinary action was low (1.37 cases/1,000 practitioners/year). Professional misconduct was the most common category of violation. Male pharmacists were overrepresented in disciplinary action cases. Most cases involved community pharmacists.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first, to our knowledge, in Canada to analyze the demographic factors of pharmacists subjected to disciplinary action. It updates a previous review of pharmacist disciplinary action (Foong et al. 2018).</p>","PeriodicalId":39389,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare Policy","volume":"18 3","pages":"60-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10019516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9499507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Commentary: Reconsidering Pharmaceutical Research and Development Investments. 评论:重新考虑药物研发投资。
Healthcare Policy Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.12927/hcpol.2023.27037
Marc-André Gagnon
{"title":"Commentary: Reconsidering Pharmaceutical Research and Development Investments.","authors":"Marc-André Gagnon","doi":"10.12927/hcpol.2023.27037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12927/hcpol.2023.27037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following Lee and colleagues' (2023) article explaining how Canadians are being shortchanged by drug companies when it comes to investments in research and development (R&D), this rejoinder adds context and appends two other very problematic elements in the debate between wishful narratives over the industry's contribution in R&D and actual numbers. First, even the current stricter definition of R&D investment might simply be too large considering that elements such as seeding trials - a well-known marketing device - can be accounted for as R&D expenditures. Second, this rejoinder identifies how Statistics Canada acted in concert with Innovative Medicines Canada to reinforce the industry's preferred narratives around R&D expenditures. This situation puts into question the trustworthiness of Canada's statistical agency.</p>","PeriodicalId":39389,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare Policy","volume":"18 3","pages":"25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/46/c4/policy-18-025.PMC10019513.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9225540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Dentist Disciplinary Action: What Do Dentists Get in Trouble for? 牙医纪律处分：牙医会因为什么惹上麻烦？
Healthcare Policy Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.12927/hcpol.2023.27033
Ai-Leng Foong-Reichert, Sherilyn K D Houle, Zubin Austin, David J Edwards, Kelly A Grindrod
{"title":"Dentist Disciplinary Action: What Do Dentists Get in Trouble for?","authors":"Ai-Leng Foong-Reichert, Sherilyn K D Houle, Zubin Austin, David J Edwards, Kelly A Grindrod","doi":"10.12927/hcpol.2023.27033","DOIUrl":"10.12927/hcpol.2023.27033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to determine the reasons for disciplinary action, the consequences and any associations with demographic factors for Canadian dentists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Publicly available regulatory body disciplinary action cases from 10 Canadian provinces were coded. Demographic factors were also coded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 344 dentist cases from five provinces between January 2010 and December 2020. The rate of disciplinary action was low (1.38 cases/1,000 practitioners/year). Clinical incompetence was the most common category of disciplinary action, followed by professional misconduct and dishonest business practices. Male dentists were overrepresented in the disciplinary action cases compared to the rest of the workforce.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first, to our knowledge, to describe the outcomes of regulatory body disciplinary action for Canadian dentists.</p>","PeriodicalId":39389,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare Policy","volume":"18 3","pages":"72-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10019511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9499504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Engaged in Legal Planning for Incapacity and Death Are Canadians? A Mixed-Methods Survey. 加拿大人对无行为能力和死亡法律规划的参与程度如何？混合方法调查。
Healthcare Policy Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.12927/hcpol.2023.27035
Ariane Plaisance, Jessie Stilson, Aurore Benadiba, Daren K Heyland
{"title":"How Engaged in Legal Planning for Incapacity and Death Are Canadians? A Mixed-Methods Survey.","authors":"Ariane Plaisance, Jessie Stilson, Aurore Benadiba, Daren K Heyland","doi":"10.12927/hcpol.2023.27035","DOIUrl":"10.12927/hcpol.2023.27035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to measure the level of involvement of Canadians in preparing for incapacity and death and to explore facilitators and barriers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The authors used an online survey based on the social cognitive theory and the Stages of Change model.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>One-hundred and forty-eight participants took part. The main facilitators were avoiding burdening others and reducing conflicts. Some respondents thought legal planning did not apply to young and healthy people. Some did not trust lawyers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The authors suggest that more people would trust lawyers if they knew the limits of legal documents and if they worked with medical experts.</p>","PeriodicalId":39389,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare Policy","volume":"18 3","pages":"47-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10019514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9198486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimizing Community Participation in Healthcare Planning, Decision Making and Delivery through Rural Health Councils. 通过农村卫生委员会优化社区对医疗保健规划、决策和交付的参与。
Healthcare Policy Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.12927/hcpol.2022.26972
Jude Kornelsen, Christine Carthew, Nicholas Lloyd-Kuzik
{"title":"Optimizing Community Participation in Healthcare Planning, Decision Making and Delivery through Rural Health Councils.","authors":"Jude Kornelsen,&nbsp;Christine Carthew,&nbsp;Nicholas Lloyd-Kuzik","doi":"10.12927/hcpol.2022.26972","DOIUrl":"10.12927/hcpol.2022.26972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this scoping study was to understand the opatimal structure and function of rural health councils (RHCs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study used the scoping review methodology, informed by both Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers' Manual (The Joanna Briggs Institute 2015).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Evidence demonstrates that the functions of RHCs range from identifying healthcare issues and priorities to local resource management. Enabling structures included the use of skills-based merit matrices to determine membership.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found evidence on how to build effective models to support patient involvement in healthcare planning and service delivery to lead to care that reflects the needs of rural communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":39389,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare Policy","volume":"18 2","pages":"27-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9764445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10573699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Personal Support Work and Home Care in Ontario during the COVID-19 Pandemic. 新冠肺炎大流行期间安大略省的个人支持工作和家庭护理。
Healthcare Policy Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.12927/hcpol.2022.26970
Pamela Hopwood, Ellen MacEachen, Carrie McAIney, Catherine Tong
{"title":"Personal Support Work and Home Care in Ontario during the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Pamela Hopwood,&nbsp;Ellen MacEachen,&nbsp;Carrie McAIney,&nbsp;Catherine Tong","doi":"10.12927/hcpol.2022.26970","DOIUrl":"10.12927/hcpol.2022.26970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Governments introduced emergency measures to address the shortage of homecare workers and unmet care needs in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article aims to describe how policies impacted home care and identifies the potential risks for clientele and staff.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Experts in home care (n = 15) were interviewed about policies that affect health and safety for homecare recipients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>New recruitment strategies, condensed education and rapid hiring during the pandemic did not lead to the recruitment of sufficient workers, but increased the potential for recruitment of unsuitable workers or workers with little training.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is important to consider the unintended effects of emergency policy measures and to manage the effects of such policies on homecare clients.</p>","PeriodicalId":39389,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare Policy","volume":"18 2","pages":"61-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9764448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10573697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Use of Performance Data by Mid-Level Hospital Managers in Ontario: Results of a Province-Wide Survey and a Comparison with Hospital Managers in Europe. 安大略省中级医院管理人员使用绩效数据:一项全省调查的结果以及与欧洲医院管理人员的比较。
Healthcare Policy Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.12927/hcpol.2022.26971
Damir Ivanković, Sara Allin, Imtiaz Daniel, Sundeep Sodhi, Tessa Dundas, Kathleen Morris, Patricia Sidhom, Niek Klazinga, Dionne Kringos
{"title":"Use of Performance Data by Mid-Level Hospital Managers in Ontario: Results of a Province-Wide Survey and a Comparison with Hospital Managers in Europe.","authors":"Damir Ivanković,&nbsp;Sara Allin,&nbsp;Imtiaz Daniel,&nbsp;Sundeep Sodhi,&nbsp;Tessa Dundas,&nbsp;Kathleen Morris,&nbsp;Patricia Sidhom,&nbsp;Niek Klazinga,&nbsp;Dionne Kringos","doi":"10.12927/hcpol.2022.26971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12927/hcpol.2022.26971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper provides insights into the use of performance data by middle managerial staff in Ontario hospitals in 2019 and compares the results to a study conducted in Europe in the same year. A total of 236 managers working in 61 hospitals across Ontario provided responses to the survey. Compared to their European colleagues, Ontario respondents self-assessed using significantly more performance data for managerial decision making. The use of performance data in Ontario was mostly motivated by external accountability requirements, followed by internal quality improvement efforts. Ontario managers also reported accessibility, appropriateness and timeliness of data and human resources and engagement as the biggest barriers to further performance data utilization. Comparative studies, such as the one this paper is based on, provide the foundation for drawing lessons across jurisdictions. This paper also affirms the importance of hospital middle management in moving from quality assurance to quality improvement efforts and developing sustainable learning healthcare organizations and systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":39389,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare Policy","volume":"18 2","pages":"44-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/22/eb/policy-18-044.PMC9764444.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10573698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Patent "Evergreening" of Medicine-Device Combination Products: A Global Perspective. 医疗器械组合产品专利“常青”：全球视野。
Healthcare Policy Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.12927/hcpol.2022.26973
Reed F Beall, Tali Glazer, Haris Ahmad, Mikayla Buell, Slane Hahn, Adam R Houston, Aaron S Kesselheim, Jason W Nickerson, Warren Kaplan
{"title":"Patent \"Evergreening\" of Medicine-Device Combination Products: A Global Perspective.","authors":"Reed F Beall,&nbsp;Tali Glazer,&nbsp;Haris Ahmad,&nbsp;Mikayla Buell,&nbsp;Slane Hahn,&nbsp;Adam R Houston,&nbsp;Aaron S Kesselheim,&nbsp;Jason W Nickerson,&nbsp;Warren Kaplan","doi":"10.12927/hcpol.2022.26973","DOIUrl":"10.12927/hcpol.2022.26973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patenting medicine-delivery devices (inhalers and pens) is controversial when it extends market protections beyond that of the underlying therapeutic agent. We evaluated how common device patenting is, internationally.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using a product sample (n = 88) and an international patent database, we assessed the issue's scope.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When comparing the 88 patent portfolios for each product in each country, Canada was found to be among the most impacted, with 90% of the portfolios containing at least one device patent and 35% of the portfolios containing device patents exclusively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patenting of delivery devices impacts major pharmaceutical manufacturing centres worldwide. International consensus among stakeholders (regulators and payors) is needed on which device modifications represent meaningful clinical value.</p>","PeriodicalId":39389,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare Policy","volume":"18 2","pages":"14-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9764446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10573696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Healthcare Reform Is Not Yet on the Horizon. 医疗改革还没有到来。
Healthcare Policy Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.12927/hcpol.2022.26974
Jason M Sutherland
{"title":"Healthcare Reform Is Not Yet on the Horizon.","authors":"Jason M Sutherland","doi":"10.12927/hcpol.2022.26974","DOIUrl":"10.12927/hcpol.2022.26974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Healthcare reform is on everyone's lips these days. persistent calls for a \"difference\" and \"change\" are becoming louder. But will these calls reach a tipping point and precipitate fundamental changes in how provinces design healthcare delivery and how they pay for it?</p>","PeriodicalId":39389,"journal":{"name":"Healthcare Policy","volume":"18 2","pages":"6-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9764447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10487475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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