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Urban Economics & Regional Studies (Forthcoming)最新文献

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Railroads and Local Economic Development: The United States in the 1850s 铁路与地方经济发展:19世纪50年代的美国
Urban Economics & Regional Studies (Forthcoming) Pub Date : 2006-07-01 DOI: 10.3386/W12381
M. Haines, R. Margo
{"title":"Railroads and Local Economic Development: The United States in the 1850s","authors":"M. Haines, R. Margo","doi":"10.3386/W12381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W12381","url":null,"abstract":"We use county and individual-level data from 1850 and 1860 to examine the economic impact of gaining access to a railroad. Previous studies have found that rail access was positively correlated with the value of agricultural land at a point in time, and have interpreted this correlation as evidence that rail access chiefly benefitted agricultural land owners in the manner predicted by the Hekscher-Ohlin or Von Theunen models. We use a difference-in-difference strategy, comparing changes in outcomes in counties that gained rail access in the 1850s to those that either gained access earlier or did not have access before the Civil War. Most of the estimated effects are small and the signs are not wholly consistent with either model, under the null hypothesis that agriculture was the chief beneficiary of rail access. For example, we find that rail access appears to have increased urbanization, raised the likelihood of participation in the service sector, decreased agricultural yields, and reduced the share of improved acreage in total land area, opposite to the patterns predicted by either the Heckscher-Ohlin or Von Theunen models.","PeriodicalId":393862,"journal":{"name":"Urban Economics & Regional Studies (Forthcoming)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129711091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 39
Neighborhood Income Inequality 邻里收入不平等
Urban Economics & Regional Studies (Forthcoming) Pub Date : 2006-06-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.906801
Christopher H. Wheeler, Elizabeth A. La Jeunesse
{"title":"Neighborhood Income Inequality","authors":"Christopher H. Wheeler, Elizabeth A. La Jeunesse","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.906801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.906801","url":null,"abstract":"This paper offers a descriptive empirical analysis of the geographic pattern of income inequality within a sample of 359 US metropolitan areas between 1980 and 2000. Specifically, we decompose the variance of metropolitan area-level household income into two parts: one associated with the degree of variation among household incomes within neighborhoods - defined by block groups and tracts - and the other associated with the extent of variation among households in different neighborhoods. Consistent with previous work, the results reveal that the vast majority of a city's overall income inequality - at least three quarters - is driven by within-neighborhood variation rather than between-neighborhood variation, although we find that the latter rose significantly during the 1980s, especially between block groups. We then identify a number of metropolitan area-level characteristics that are associated with both levels of and changes in the degree of each type of residential income inequality.","PeriodicalId":393862,"journal":{"name":"Urban Economics & Regional Studies (Forthcoming)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126529867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
Housing Supply and Price Adjustment 住房供应与价格调整
Urban Economics & Regional Studies (Forthcoming) Pub Date : 2006-05-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.911328
A. Grimes, Andrew Aitken
{"title":"Housing Supply and Price Adjustment","authors":"A. Grimes, Andrew Aitken","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.911328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.911328","url":null,"abstract":"We analyse two inter-related features of regional housing markets: determinants of new housing supply, and the impact of supply responsiveness on price dynamics. We demonstrate that a suitably specified q-theory model (including residential land values as well as construction costs) explains intended housing starts. Few prior studies have found significant land price effects, due either to their omission or (possibly) to incorrect data definition (use of agricultural rather than residential land values). We examine the interaction of supply responsiveness and price adjustment following demand shocks, using a new panel dataset covering 53 quarters across 73 regions of New Zealand. Regions with high supply responsiveness have relatively small price spikes following demand shocks, consistent with a rational response that limits house price jumps in regions with strong supply responses.","PeriodicalId":393862,"journal":{"name":"Urban Economics & Regional Studies (Forthcoming)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132329976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 57
The Thick Market Effect on Housing Markets Transactions 厚市场效应对住房市场交易的影响
Urban Economics & Regional Studies (Forthcoming) Pub Date : 2006-04-01 DOI: 10.3386/W12134
L. Gan, Qinghua Zhang
{"title":"The Thick Market Effect on Housing Markets Transactions","authors":"L. Gan, Qinghua Zhang","doi":"10.3386/W12134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W12134","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a search model for housing market where the number of buyers and/or sellers plays very important role. The model makes three testable predictions: (1) the unemployment rate has a negative impact on the trading volume and the sale prices of the housing market; (2) a larger housing market has a lower average sale price, shorter time-to-sale and smaller price dispersion, in addition to a lower vacancy rate. (3) In a larger housing market, when the unemployment rate goes up (or down), the sale price decreases (or increases) by a smaller percentage than in a smaller market. All three predictions are supported by a panel dataset of the Texas city-level housing markets.","PeriodicalId":393862,"journal":{"name":"Urban Economics & Regional Studies (Forthcoming)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128148613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The New Promised Land: Black-White Convergence in the American South, 1960-2000 《新应许之地:1960-2000年美国南部黑人与白人的融合》
Urban Economics & Regional Studies (Forthcoming) Pub Date : 2006-04-01 DOI: 10.3386/W12143
Jacob L. Vigdor
{"title":"The New Promised Land: Black-White Convergence in the American South, 1960-2000","authors":"Jacob L. Vigdor","doi":"10.3386/W12143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W12143","url":null,"abstract":"The black-white earnings gap has historically been larger in the South than in other regions of the United States. Since 1970, however, the male annual earnings gap outside the South has increased %u2013 dramatically, when the analysis factors in non-participants %u2013 while the gap within the South has narrowed, to the point where 2000 Census figures indicate significantly lower racial inequality in the South. Three proposed explanations for this trend focus on changing patterns of selective migration, labor market trends including reduced discrimination and the decline of manufacturing employment, and reductions in school segregation and school resource disparities in the South relative to the North. Evidence suggests that selective migration can explain about 40% of the South%u2019s relative advance, and virtually all of the relative advance after 1980. Earlier declines can be attributed in large part to reduced industrial segregation and other labor market advances in the South. Relative improvements in school quality for Southern blacks explain at most 20% of the overall trend.","PeriodicalId":393862,"journal":{"name":"Urban Economics & Regional Studies (Forthcoming)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125069688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
Institutional Change and Economic Performance: An Off-the-Cuff Comment on Professors Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson and James Robinson's Three Papers 制度变迁与经济表现:对达隆·阿西莫格鲁、西蒙·约翰逊和詹姆斯·罗宾逊教授的三篇论文的即兴评论
Urban Economics & Regional Studies (Forthcoming) Pub Date : 2006-03-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.911324
V. Amavilah
{"title":"Institutional Change and Economic Performance: An Off-the-Cuff Comment on Professors Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson and James Robinson's Three Papers","authors":"V. Amavilah","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.911324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.911324","url":null,"abstract":"The three papers to which this comment is directed bring to vivid life the role of institutions in the economic performance of nations. The empirical examples the papers use illustrate specific institutional influences on at least two broad measures of economic performance: per capita income and urbanization. However, it is not clear (a) why similar changes led to dissimilar and often asymmetric outcomes, (b) how Atlantic trade produced progress for (Western) Europe early on, but not for other regions, and (c) how the growth of cities contributed to European trade while the urbanization phenomenon in general has tended to attract squalor living and inequality in many developing countries today. This paper comments on these and similar issues.","PeriodicalId":393862,"journal":{"name":"Urban Economics & Regional Studies (Forthcoming)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124333909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Market Size, Trade, and Productivity 市场规模、贸易和生产率
Urban Economics & Regional Studies (Forthcoming) Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-937X.2007.00463.X
G. Ottaviano, Marc J. Melitz
{"title":"Market Size, Trade, and Productivity","authors":"G. Ottaviano, Marc J. Melitz","doi":"10.1111/J.1467-937X.2007.00463.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-937X.2007.00463.X","url":null,"abstract":"We develop a monopolistically competitive model of trade with firm heterogeneity—in terms of productivity differences—and endogenous differences in the “toughness” of competition across markets—in terms of the number and average productivity of competing firms. We analyse how these features vary across markets of different size that are not perfectly integrated through trade; we then study the effects of different trade liberalization policies. In our model, market size and trade affect the toughness of competition, which then feeds back into the selection of heterogeneous producers and exporters in that market. Aggregate productivity and average mark-ups thus respond to both the size of a market and the extent of its integration through trade (larger, more integrated markets exhibit higher productivity and lower mark-ups). Our model remains highly tractable, even when extended to a general framework with multiple asymmetric countries integrated to different extents through asymmetric trade costs. We believe this provides a useful modelling framework that is particularly well suited to the analysis of trade and regional integration policy scenarios in an environment with heterogeneous firms and endogenous mark-ups.","PeriodicalId":393862,"journal":{"name":"Urban Economics & Regional Studies (Forthcoming)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122658930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3131
Optimal Location of New Forests in a Suburban Region 郊区新森林的最优选址
Urban Economics & Regional Studies (Forthcoming) Pub Date : 2005-05-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.922249
E. Moons, B. Saveyn, S. Proost, M. Hermy
{"title":"Optimal Location of New Forests in a Suburban Region","authors":"E. Moons, B. Saveyn, S. Proost, M. Hermy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.922249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.922249","url":null,"abstract":"This paper looks at the optimal location of new forests in a suburban region under area constraints. The GIS-based methodology takes into account use benefits such as timber, hunting, carbon sequestration and recreation, non-use benefits (both bequest and existence values), opportunity costs of converting agricultural land, as well as planting and management costs of the new forest. The recreation benefits of new forest sites are estimated using function transfer techniques. We show that the net social benefit of the total afforestation project may vary up to a factor 6, depending on the forest sites that are selected. We show that the recreation value of a forest site varies considerably with the available substitutes.","PeriodicalId":393862,"journal":{"name":"Urban Economics & Regional Studies (Forthcoming)","volume":"363 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132757781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 36
Imperfect Competition and Congestion in the City 不完全竞争与城市拥堵
Urban Economics & Regional Studies (Forthcoming) Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.884387
A. de Palma, S. Proost
{"title":"Imperfect Competition and Congestion in the City","authors":"A. de Palma, S. Proost","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.884387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.884387","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a spatial model to study imperfect competition with congestion. The model is used to examine the price and wage setting of subcenters of a city. Residents live in a city while they shop and work in subcentres. Each subcenter offers one differentiated product and one differentiated workplace. Shopping and commuting from the city to the subcenter requires the use of transport infrastructure that can be congested. We show the existence of a Nash equilibrium in prices and wages and analyse the welfare impacts of congestion charging and infrastructure policies. This paper generalises the literature on imperfect competition with differentiated products as well as the literature on congestion pricing with imperfect competition.","PeriodicalId":393862,"journal":{"name":"Urban Economics & Regional Studies (Forthcoming)","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114857485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Foreign Direct Investment and Regional Trade Agreements: The Market Size Effect Revisited 外商直接投资与区域贸易协定:市场规模效应再论
Urban Economics & Regional Studies (Forthcoming) Pub Date : 2004-11-01 DOI: 10.5089/9781451874631.001
Florence Jaumotte
{"title":"Foreign Direct Investment and Regional Trade Agreements: The Market Size Effect Revisited","authors":"Florence Jaumotte","doi":"10.5089/9781451874631.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451874631.001","url":null,"abstract":"The paper investigates whether the market size of a regional trade agreement (RTA) is a determinant of foreign direct investment (FDI) received by countries participating in the RTA. This hypothesis is tested on a sample of 71 developing countries during the period 1980-99. Evidence is found that the RTA market size had a positive impact on the FDI received by member countries, even more so in the 1990s when such agreements were revived and became more widespread. The size of domestic population also seemed to matter, possibly because of its effect on the availability of the labor supply. It appears, however, that not all countries in the RTA benefited to the same extent from the RTA: countries with a relatively more educated labor force and/or a relatively more stable financial situation tended to attract a larger share of FDI at the expense of their RTA partners. This evidence suggests it is essential for all RTA countries to improve their business environment to the best available in the region. Finally, a partial negative correlation between the FDI received by RTA countries and that received by non-RTA countries possibly reflects a diversion of FDI from non-RTA to RTA countries. As an illustration, FDI benefits are simulated from the creation of a regional trade agreement between Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia.","PeriodicalId":393862,"journal":{"name":"Urban Economics & Regional Studies (Forthcoming)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124887914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 145
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