Polish Journal of Natural Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Application of Ovopel and Ovaprim and their combinations in controlled reproduction of two reophilic cyprinid fish species.","authors":"D. Żarski, D. Kucharczyk, K. Targońska, Marta K. Jamróz, S. Krejszeff, A. Mamcarz","doi":"10.2478/V10020-009-0022-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10020-009-0022-X","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to compare the female dace Leuciscus leuciscus (L.) and ide Leuciscus idus (L.) hormonal stimulation effectiveness with two preparations (Ovopel and Ovaprim) separately and in combination. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions. During the experiment the percentage of ovulating females, ovulation time and survival of embryos to the eyed stage were recorded. Stimulation with Ovopel resulted in shorter ovulation appearance time in females of both species (48–50 h for dace and 36–38 h for ide) while stimulation with Ovaprim in a higher percentage of live embryos in the eyed stage (almost 80 and 60% for dace and ide respectively). The highest hormonal stimulation effectiveness was recorded in the group where a combination of those two hormonal substances was applied as shortening of the time for achievement of spawning readiness (48 and 36 hours for dace and ide respectively), a significant ovulation synchronization and the highest embryos survival rates (almost 80 and 70% for dace and ide respectively) were recorded.","PeriodicalId":39364,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"235-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68931640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Survival of Salmonella Spp. In Relation to Exposure to Lactic Acid and the Storage Time of Turkey Carcasses","authors":"A. Mikołajczyk","doi":"10.2478/V10020-009-0023-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10020-009-0023-9","url":null,"abstract":"The studies aimed at determining the influence of lactic acid on Salmonella spp. during storage of turkey carcasses’ samples for 2, 4 and 6 days. The initial average contamination of turkey carcasses’ elements with Salmonella spp. was 2.4 · 10 bacteria. Following the immersion in water in average 4.3 · 102 Salmonella spp. cfu was recovered and that number was assumed as the inoculum. The number of Salmonella spp. decreases during storage of turkey carcasses’ samples in the refrigerator at 4C. Compared to elements of carcasses immersed in sterile water the largest reduction, by two logarithmic cycles was recorded after 2 days of storage of samples treated with 1% lactic acid. In case of the other variants of the experiment when 1% solution of lactic acid was applied S. Enteritidis grew in numbers within the same logarithmic range. Compared to the samples immersed in sterile water, 2% lactic acid caused reduction in the number of Salmonella spp. on elements of poultry carcasses by one logarithmic cycle both immediately after contamination and after 2 and 6 days of storage; unfortunately after 4 days of storage S. Enteritidis grew in numbers that were within the same logarithmic range. During storage of the turkey samples tested at 4C for 2, 4 and 6 days, the numbers of Salmonella spp. decreased. That decrease compared to samples immersed in sterile water was the largest after 2 days of storage after application of 1% lactic acid. WPŁYW KWASU MLEKOWEGO I CZASU SKŁADOWANIA TUSZEK INDYCZYCH NA PRZEŻYWALNOŚĆ PAŁECZEK SALMONELLA","PeriodicalId":39364,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"245-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68931651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of cold storage on the color of venison.","authors":"T. Żmijewski, A. Kwiatkowska, M. Cierach","doi":"10.2478/V10020-009-0025-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10020-009-0025-7","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the color of unpackaged and vacuum-packaged venison during storage. Color parameters L*, a* and b* were assessed in vacuum-packaged samples after 72, 144, 216, 288 and 360 h of storage, and in unpackaged samples – after 72, 144 and 216 h. The total change in color ΔE* in comparison with the color of fresh meat was determined. The results indicate that the storage of unpackaged venison has an adverse effect on color, giving it a darker, grayish hue. The most profound changes were observed after 144 and 216 h of storage. Vacuum packaging of venison minimizes color change and has a long-term stabilizing effect for up to 15 days.","PeriodicalId":39364,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"263-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68931741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY REQUIREMENTS FOR DIFFERENT METHODS OF TWO-YEAR FALLOW KEEPING AND CULTIVATION OF WINTER WHEAT","authors":"M. Marks, P. Makowski, K. Orzech","doi":"10.2478/V10020-009-0018-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10020-009-0018-6","url":null,"abstract":"During exclusion of the land from market production for two vegetation seasons the highest energy outlays were incurred for maintaining the black fallow and the lowest for the herbicide fallow. In winter wheat production technique the highest energy outlays (15 800 MJ ha -1 ) were incurred in materials. In the group of outlays for materials, 66.4% were fertilizers, 31.4% the sowing material and just 2.2% the plants protection media. The second largest flow of energy outlays consisted","PeriodicalId":39364,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"187-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68931566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EVALUATION OF USEFULNESS OF POTENTIALLY PROBIOTIC LACTOBACILLUS STRAINS AS COMPONENTS OF INDUSTRIAL STARTER CULTURES","authors":"M. Modzelewska-Kapituła, L. Kłębukowska, K. Kornacki, W. Łukaszuk","doi":"10.2478/V10020-009-0024-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10020-009-0024-8","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to investigate the possible use of nine Lactobacillus strains, previously isolated from infants faeces, as components of industrial starter cultures for yoghurt, soft white cheese and hard cheese production. There were no strong antagonistic interactions between isolates and commercial probiotics and yoghurt strains. None of isolates was able to grow at 3 o C, seven grew at 7 o C, all of them at 12 o C and 37 o C and only three at 45 o C. In the culture media containing 10.4% NaCl at pH 6.5 growth of four isolates was detected at 12 o","PeriodicalId":39364,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"254-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68931719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of economic effectiveness of applying different hormonal preparations for reophile cyprinid fish reproduction stimulation based on the example of asp Aspius aspius [L.] and ide Leuciscus idus [L.]","authors":"Anna Hakuć-Błażowska, K. Kupren, K. Turkowski, K. Targońska, Marta K. Jamróz, S. Krejszeff, M. Kwiatkowski, D. Żarski, D. Kucharczyk","doi":"10.2478/V10020-009-0021-Y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10020-009-0021-Y","url":null,"abstract":"Assessment of the economic effectiveness of hormonal stimulation application in reophile cyprinid fish reproduction based on the example of asp Aspius aspius (L.) and ide Leuciscus idus (L.) was the goal of the studies presented in this paper. Three hormonal preparations: Ovopel, Ovaprim and carp pituitary were tested during this study. Economic effectiveness of application of those hormonal preparations for asp and ide reproduction stimulation considering the relative working fertility of asp and ide, effectiveness of the selected hormonal preparations and their price were assessed. The cost of hormonal injection per 1000 spawn grains and per 1000 spawn grains in eyed stage was assumed for the measure of economic effectiveness. In case of both studied species injections with Ovaprim and Ovopel were more economic than stimulation with carp pituitary. This is linked to the high application effectiveness of GnRH analogues with dopamine inhibitors found in controlled reproduction of asp and ide. The effectiveness of those hormonal preparations is confirmed by a high percentage of ovulations as well as the high survival rate of the embryos to the eyed stage. Address: Anna Hakuć-Błażowska, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 5, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland, phone: +48 (089) 523 44 36, e-mail: hakuc.blazowska@uwm.edu.pl * The study was financed within the frameworks of the Project Optimization of reophile cyprinid fish stocking material production under controlled conditions; Sectoral Operational Program Fisheries and fish processing 2004–2006; (00040-61535-OR1400009/07) PORÓWNANIE OPŁACALNOŚCI STOSOWANIA RÓŻNYCH PREPARATÓW HORMONALNYCH DO SYMULACJI ROZRODU KARPIOWATYCH RYB REOFILNYCH NA PRZYKŁADZIE BOLENIA ASPIUS ASPIUS (L.) I JAZIA LEUCISCUS IDUS (L.) Anna Hakuć-Błażowska, Krzysztof Kupren, Konrad Turkowski, Katarzyna Targońska, Marta Jamróz, Sławomir Krejszeff, Maciej Kwiatkowski, Daniel Żarski, Dariusz Kucharczyk Katedra Rybactwa Jeziorowego i Rzecznego Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie Słowa kluczowe: boleń, jaź, stymulacja hormonalna, efektywność ekonomiczna.","PeriodicalId":39364,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"224-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68931630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of wastewater treated in Saczyn wastewater treatment plant upon quality of the water of the Pokrzywnica river - right tributary of the Prosna river.","authors":"Z. Małecki","doi":"10.2478/V10020-009-0020-Z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10020-009-0020-Z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39364,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"207-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68931583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Content of Cadmium in Maize (Zea Mays L.) and Soils Fertilized with Sewage Sludges and Mixtures of Sewage Sludge and Peat","authors":"K. Gondek","doi":"10.2478/V10020-009-0014-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10020-009-0014-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39364,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"146-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68931115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Application of Polyaluminium Chloride on Reducing Exploitation Problems at the Wastewater Treatment Plant in Olsztyn","authors":"A. Drzewicki","doi":"10.2478/V10020-009-0015-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10020-009-0015-9","url":null,"abstract":"WPŁYW DAWKOWANIA CHLORKU POLIGLINU NA OGRANICZENIE PROBLEMÓW EKSPLOATACYJNYCH W OCZYSZCZALNI ŚCIEKÓW W OLSZTYNIE Adam Drzewicki Katedra Ekologii Stosowanej Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie Słowa kluczowe: Microthrix parvicella, puchnięcie osadu, piana pochodzenia biologicznego, organizmy nitkowate, chlorek poliglinu. Address: Adam Drzewicki, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 5, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland, phone +48 (089) 524 51 07, e-mail: adam.drzewicki@uwm.edu.pl Abstrakt W pracy oceniono skuteczność stosowanych zabiegów dawkowania chlorku poliglinu (PAX-18) na poprawę właściwości sedymentacyjnych osadu czynnego w oczyszczalni ścieków w Olsztynie. Określono przyczynę puchnięcia i pienienia osadu czynnego. Przeanalizowano wpływ dozowania chlorku poliglinu na indeks objętościowy osadu czynnego (SVI) i liczebność Microthrix parvicella. Dawkowanie PAX-18 w zakresie od 0,63 do 2,13 g Al kg smod w układzie, w przedziałach czasowych od 10 do 89 dni, okazało się nieskutecznym sposobem na obniżenie SVI. Stosowane zabiegi w większości przypadków ograniczały natomiast wpienianie osadu czynnego w reaktorach wielofunkcyjnych. Introduction The technological changes broadly introduced in the 1990s to Polish wastewater treatment plants operating on activated sludge that would enable improved removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from sewage and wastewater have compounded the problem of foaming and bulking of activated sludge. This is a result of the fact that the conditions which facilitate the removal of biogens promote the development of specific forms of filamentous bacteria in activated sludge, mostly responsible for its foaming and bulking. One of the most common representative of such filamentous microorganisms is Microthrix parvicella (KALISZ et al. 2005, DRZEWICKI et. al. 2008). Excessive growth of this bacterium creates many exploitation difficulties, such as a disturbed sludge sedimentation process, difficulties in maintaining the adequate age of sludge and recirculant concentrations, impeded dewatering of sludge, inferior production of biogas, problems related to safety in closed fermentation chambers, and many other drawbacks up to inferior visual qualities of the wastewater treatment facilities. Excessive growth of Microthrix parvicella in activated sludge used for removal of biogenic substances is very difficult to halt. The bacterium proliferates well owing to the long age of sludge and associated low load. The microorganism demonstrates high affinity to oxygen (LEMMER 1992). Under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, it is capable of binding and utilizing long-chain fatty acids, present in raw sewage, as a source of carbon atoms and energy (ANDREASEN, NIELSEN 2000, SLIIJKHUIS, DEINEMA 1988, SLIIJKHUIS et al. 1984). All these factors make it difficult to control the causes of the growth and development of Microthrix parvicella in wastewater plants using technologies for improved removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from sewag","PeriodicalId":39364,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"158-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68931127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severity of potato tubers diseases in treatments with foliar fertilization.","authors":"B. Cwalina-Ambroziak, W. Czajka, B. Bogucka","doi":"10.2478/V10020-009-0013-Y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10020-009-0013-Y","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted over the years 2004–2006 in experimental plots located in Bałcyny. A multi-purpose, late potato cultivar, Jasia, was grown. The experimental factors were as follows: I – mineral fertilization levels: A (N – 80 kg ha, P – 80 kg ha-1, K – 120 kg ha-1), B (N – 120 kg ha-1, P – 144 kg ha, K – 156 kg ha), II – foliar fertilization: 1 (Basfoliar 12-4-6 – 8 dm ha), 2 (ADOB Mn – 4 dm ha), 3 (Solubor DF – 2 dm ha), 4 (ADOB Mn – 2 dm ha + Basfoliar 12-4-6 – 4 dm ha), 5 (ADOB Mn – 2 dm ha + Solubor DF – 1 dm ha), 6 (Basfoliar 12-4-6 – 4 dm ha + Solubor DF – 1 dm ha), 7 (Basfoliar 12-4-6 – 2.7 dm ha + ADOB Mn – 1.3 dm ha + Solubor DF – 0.7 dm ha), 8 (control treatment without foliar fertilization). The health status of potato tubers was studied after five-month storage. The rates of tuber infection by Streptomyces scabies and Rhizoctonia solani were estimated on 100 tubers selected randomly of particular treatments, according to a nine-point scale, and were presented as a percentage infection index. The symptoms of soft rot (Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum), late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and dry rot (Fusarium spp.) were evaluated in 5 kg samples for each treatment. The results were expressed as a percentage of the mass of infected tubers. Foliar fertilization and the levels of mineral fertilization NPK did not affect the severity of common scab symptoms. Significantly higher rates of infection by R. solani were observed in tubers from the control treatment without foliar fertilization and from the treatment with a lower level of mineral fertilization (A). The symptoms of soft rot (4.6% of the mass of infected tubers) and late blight (1.3%) were strongest in 2006, while the symptoms of dry rot (2.7%) – in 2005. The severity of diseases caused by the above pathogens was greater in tubers grown in plots with a higher level of mineral fertilization (B) – N 120 kg ha, P 144 kg ha, K 156 kg ha (1.3 to 4.1% of the mass of infected tubers) than in tubers grown in plots with a lower level of mineral fertilization (A) – N 80 kg ha, P 80 kg ha-1, K 120 kg ha-1, (0.8 to 3%). The combined application of foliar fertilizers reduced the percentage mass of tubers infected by P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and P. infestans to the highest degree. Address: Bożena Cwalina-Ambroziak, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Romana Prawocheńskiego 17, 10-720 Olsztyn, phone: +48 (089) 523 41 47, e-mail: bambr@uwm.edu.pl NASILENIE WYBRANYCH CHORÓB BULW ZIEMNIAKA NAWOŻONEGO DOLISTNIE Bożena Cwalina-Ambroziak, Władysław Czajka, Bożena Bogucka 1 Katedra Fitopatologii i Entomologii 2 Katedra Agrotechnologii i Zarządzania Produkcją Roślinną Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie S ł o w a k l u c z o w e: bulwy ziemniaka, choroby, nawożenie dolistne, nawożenie mineralne.","PeriodicalId":39364,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"133-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68931103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}