Medicine Today最新文献

{"title":"Non-viral Microbial Keratitis in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh","authors":"Mohammed Reza, S. Chowdhury, Paritush Kanti Talukder, Md Tabibul Islam, Md Altaf Hossain, Nizam Hussain, Azima Aktar Jhuma","doi":"10.3329/medtoday.v33i2.56059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v33i2.56059","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Microbial keratitis is a serious ocular infectious disease that can lead to significant visual loss and ophthalmic morbidity. Objectives were to see the profile of non-viral microbial keratitis in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh.\u0000Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet between January 2015 and December 2016.\u0000Results: The mean age of the patients was 46.7 ± 16.5 years with male preponderance (54.4%). The most common predisposing factors were trauma (66.7%), and chronic dacryocystitis (25.6%). Fungal growth was more frequent compared to bacterial growth 70 (77.7%) versus 30 (33.3%), p<0.01). Gram positive organisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis (11.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (3.3%); gram negative organisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.2%), Klebsiella species (3.3%) and Escherichia coli (3.3%). Aspergillus species (71.4%) was the commonest fungus. Others were Penicillium species (7.1%), Fusarium species (8.6%), Mucor (10.0%) and Rhizopus (2.9%).\u0000Conclusion: Fungi are more frequent cause of non-viral keratitis. Watering, redness, pain or burning sensation, corneal opacity and dimness of vision are clinical profiles of non-viral microbial keratitis.\u0000Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 133-137","PeriodicalId":39348,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Today","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81554214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Seasonal Variation of Bell’s Palsy in a District Area of Bangladesh","authors":"Panchanan Das, N. H. Chowdhury, A. A. Hasan, Mohammad Abul Kalam Azad, Anm Ilias","doi":"10.3329/medtoday.v33i2.56058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v33i2.56058","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Bell’s palsy is a common cranial neuropathy causing acute onset of unilateral lower motor neuron type of seventh cranial nerve palsy that result in ipsilateral facial muscle weakness. The aim of this study was to determine the possible correlation of Bell’s palsy and seasonal influence in a district area of Bangladesh.\u0000Materials & Methods: This is an observational study in which we collect, compiled and analyzed the patients information who attended in outpatient department of neuromedicine unit at Cumilla medical college hospital Cumilla from January 2018 to December 2019.\u0000Results: In our study, out of 214 patients male were 117(54.7%) and female were 97(45.3%). Age range from 4 to 90 yrs, median age was 40.0±17.6 Number of patients with Bell’s palsy presented in various seasons include 44% during winter, 35% during summer, 9% during fall monsoon and 12% during autumn period. We analyzed the data by using Mean±SD and chi-square test. A significant association was evident in winter and summer season (P=0.04 and P=0.045) respectively.\u0000Conclusion: In our present study we found significant relation between seasonal variation and occurrence of Bell’s palsy.\u0000Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 129-132","PeriodicalId":39348,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Today","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73480639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Neonatal Outcome of Clinically Diagnosed Fetal Distress in Low Resource Areas","authors":"A. Akhter, A. Begum, N. Sultana, S. Saha, Mubina Nuzhat Chowdhury, A. Saifullah","doi":"10.3329/medtoday.v33i2.56063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v33i2.56063","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Fetal distress is a high risk obstetric situation associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. It is also a major contributor to operative interventions in the majority hospitals of developing countries. The objective of this study was to observe clinically diagnosed fetal distress and early neonatal outcome after delivery.\u0000Materials and Methods: This hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Bashundhara Addin Medical College Hospital, Keraniganj during the period of January to December 2019. 212 women in active phase of labor at term pregnancy who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. Fetal distress was diagnosed by abnormal FHR and /or presence of meconium in amniotic fluid after rupture of membrane. Neonatal outcome was assesss by 1st & 5th mins Apgar Scores after delivery, babies requiring immediate resuscitation and admission to neonatal care unit & recorded.\u0000Result: Among fetal distress 11.32% babies had Apgar score <7 as compared to babies without fetal distress that had 5.66% apgar score <7 at 5th minutes(p<0.05). 28.3% fetal distressed born babies required NICU admission rather than only 9.44% of without fetal distress.\u0000Conclusion: This study shows relative adverse neonatal outcome for fetal distressed babies than without distress.\u0000Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 152-155","PeriodicalId":39348,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Today","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89317241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid Profile in Relation to Body Mass Index among Medical College Students in Dhaka, Bangladesh.","authors":"Md. Sakhawat Hossain, Md Daharul Islam, A. Galib, Roksana Malek, K. Akter, M. Khanam","doi":"10.3329/medtoday.v33i2.56055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v33i2.56055","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In Bangladesh, adolescents have unhygienic eating habits; often eating nutritionally unbalanced and junk & fast food diet that is low in dietary fibre and high in cholesterol, simple sugars, fats and additive. These types of dietary habit lead to obesity and dyslipidaemia. Obesity is a worldwide health problem and it is associated with dyslipidaemia and other metabolic syndrome. Objectives: To observe the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and lipid profile among medical college students in Bangladesh.\u0000Materials & Methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted in Department of Medicine, Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, among the 100 undergraduate medical students. Detailed history, clinical examination and thorough investigations were done and the findings were recorded on a proforma. Data was processed and analysed with the help of computer program SPSS and Microsoft excel.\u0000Results: Maximum subjects (57.0%) were in the age group 21-23 years. Mean age was 23.42±4.5 years. The prevalence of the different abnormal lipid profile including hypercholesterolaemia, low level of HDL, high level of LDL and hypertriglyceridaemia were: 22.0%, 31.0%, 30.0% and 28.0% respectively. Hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia levels were significantly associated with increasing body mass index.\u0000Conclusion: Overweight and obesity is common among the study subjects and those with higher BMI particularly the older ones tend to have abnormal lipid profile. Therefore adequate dietary control, food habit & life-style modification is needed for prevention of dyslipidemia at early life.\u0000Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 114-119","PeriodicalId":39348,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Today","volume":"s3-19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90810485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Gartland Type-III Closed Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus in Children Treated by Lateral Percutaneous K-Wires under C-Arm Guidance","authors":"Md. Insanul Alam, Sheikh Firoj Kabir, Md. Faridul Islam, Md. Ismail Hossain, M. Faruque, H. Ara, Md. Rezaul Alam","doi":"10.3329/medtoday.v33i2.56060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v33i2.56060","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study has been designed to evaluate the success rate of closed reduction and stabilization by two lateral parallel percutaneous K-wires with the help of C-arm in the management of Gartland type-III closed supracondylar fracture of humerus in children.\u0000Materials and Methods: A prospective quasi experimental study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2016 in NITOR. A total of 30 patients of Gartland type-III closed supracondylar fracture of humerus in children presenting between ages 3-12 years. Informed written consent was taken from patient’s guardian. Regular follow up was targeted for at least 6 month’s. Result was evaluated according to Flynn’s grading.\u0000Results: Mean age was 6.85± 2.37 years, number of patients ware 30, Male patients were more affected 22 (73.33%) than female 8(26.67%), left side patients were more affected. Mean loss of elbow flexion was 9.53 degrees, mean loss of carrying angle was 8.5 degrees. Complications included four (13.33%) cases of pin tract infection, four (13.33%) cases of fracture blister, one (3.33%) case of median nerve palsy, two (6.66%) cases of inadequate pin fixation at first attempt. There were six excellent (20%), eighteen good (60%), three (10%) fair and three (10%) poor results according to Flynn’s grading. The overall 90% satisfactory result and rest 10% unsatisfactory result.\u0000Conclusion: Closed reduction and stabilization by two lateral parallel percutaneous K-wires is a better method for treatment of Gartland type-III closed supracondylar fracture in children.\u0000Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 138-142","PeriodicalId":39348,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Today","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79846050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Endoscopic Ultrasound in Evaluation of Upper Abdominal Pain","authors":"B. C. Shil, M. Saha, R. Uddin, A. Saifullah, Rehan Habib, I. Mahbub, M. Rashid","doi":"10.3329/MEDTODAY.V33I1.52148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/MEDTODAY.V33I1.52148","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Upper abdominal pain is found to be one of the most common presenting symptoms. Endoscopic ultrasound may be a useful tool to yield a specific diagnosis. Aim of our study was to find the etiology of upper abdominal pain with normal endoscopic findings and compare the findings of endoscopic ultrasound with those of trans-abdominal ultrasound. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in the department of gastroenterology, Sir Salimullah Medical College from January 2015 to December 2019. Total 238 patients suffering from upper abdominal pain who previously underwent endoscopy with normal results and trans abdominal ultrasound with doubtful findings were enrolled in this study. All patients were evaluated properly with history, clinical examination and relevant blood investigations. Then the patients underwent endoscopic ultrasound with conscious sedation. Computed tomorgraphy, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were done in cases where needed and correlated with endoscopic ultrasound results. Results: Among the total 238 patients, 137 were male and 101 were female. Most predominant age range was 31-40 years. Pain was moderate in severity in 43.27%, epigastric pain was in 59.66% and pain referred to back was in 37.39% patients. Comparison with trans abdominal ultrasound regarding etiologies of upper abdominal pain was statistically significant (P=0.000). Comparative analysis between the two modalities regarding gall bladder, common bile duct, pancreas were also found significant with P values of 0.040, 0.005, 0.000 respectively. Forty two patients were diagnosed as chronic pancreatitis based on Rosemont criteria by endoscopic ultrasound. Conclusion: Endoscopic ultrasound is a modern diagnostic tool which can detect hepato-pancreato-biliary pathologies and also mucosal irregularities of stomach and esophagus. So, it can be considered as a first line investigation to diagnose the underlying etiology of upper abdominal pain.","PeriodicalId":39348,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Today","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87698207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short Term Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Tertiary Hospital","authors":"Md Nazrul Islam, Sabikun Nahar Chowdhury, Md Sajjadur Rahman, S. Hossain","doi":"10.3329/MEDTODAY.V33I01.52158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/MEDTODAY.V33I01.52158","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction is very common in Bangladesh. It is one of the most common causes of mortality worldwide. The clinical course is associated with various complications. Materials and Methods: To assess the short-term outcome of acute coronary syndrome we select 100 patients. The study was conducted at the Medicine wards of Khulna Medical College Hospital, Khulna from February’2019 to August’2019. We observed the clinical presentations, ECG findings, echocardiographic findings, short term complications and outcome. Results: We found that most of the patients (61%) were within 45-64 years of age. Chest pain was the most common (85%) presentation. NSTEMI is more common than STEMI. 53% patients developed complications. Acute LVF is the most common (23%) complication. AV block is the most common arrythmia (10%). We found overall mortality 38%. Conclusion: Early detection of complications is essential for reduction of morbidity and mortality. This study will help to evaluate short-term complications and to give appropriate management.","PeriodicalId":39348,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Today","volume":"13 2 1","pages":"42-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78082534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial and Viral Vaccination (non EPI) Coverage among Students in Three Educational Institutions in Bangladesh","authors":"Tanzila Rawnuck, Selim Reza, S. Monowar","doi":"10.3329/MEDTODAY.V33I1.52168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/MEDTODAY.V33I1.52168","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The implementation of the vaccine has already been shown to be a great success to reduce communicable diseases and its associated morbidity among human globally. The aim of this study was to figure out the actual rate of population who received non EPI bacterial and viral vaccines and to determine the risk factors associated with it. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted between September 2011 and August 2014 among 3600 students aged from 18 years to 24 years. Data of total 12 non EPI vaccines (5 bacterial Cholera and ETEC diarrhea vaccine, Meningococcal, Pneumococcal, Tetanus and Typhoid; 7 viralChicken pox, Cervical vaccine, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Measles Mumps Rubella vaccine, Rota viral and Seasonal flu vaccine) were collected from the individuals’ vaccine cards. All vaccine timelines were categorized into timely, early, delayed and missed based on recommended time of vaccination. Different parameters were considered to determine the socio-demographic factors related to vaccination. Results: Total of 3600 study population were selected from three different institutes. Percentage of rural students was almost 3.2 times higher than that of urban. About 1746(48.5%) student were from middle class family. About 2125(59.03%) of the participant’s had not adequate knowledge of vaccination. Out of 3600 study population for bacterial vaccine, rate of Tetanus vaccine was the highest in percentage which was 1248(34.67%). Percentage of other bacterial vaccines such as Cholera and ETEC diarrhea, Meningococcal, Pneumococcal and Typhoid vaccination percentages were only 27(0.75%), 29(0.81%), 111(3.08%) and 34(0.94%) respectively. Among viral vaccines, the highest receiving vaccine was Hepatitis B. 2763(76.75%) people were immune with hepatitis B vaccine. Percentage of Hepatitis A was 337(9.36%), Rota viral vaccine was 330(9.17%), Measles Mumps Rubella was 249(6.92%) and Chicken pox was 83(2.31%). The percentage was less in case of Cervical HPV and Seasonal flu vaccines which were 12(0.33%) and 20(0.56%) respectively. Conclusion: Vaccines have proven the potential capability to reduce vaccine-preventable diseases, however, findings from the study show that people have still not been aware of non EPI bacterial and viral vaccines which can protect people from life threatening diseases and their complications.","PeriodicalId":39348,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Today","volume":"26 1","pages":"80-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79077365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Iron and Amloki (Emblica Officinalis) on Serum Zinc Level in Anaemia with Pregnancy","authors":"T. Akter, Qazi Shamima Akther, S. H. Lisa, M. Sultana, S. Suma, Rahnuma Ahamad","doi":"10.3329/MEDTODAY.V33I01.52163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/MEDTODAY.V33I01.52163","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pregnancy is associated with several trace elements deficiency in developing countries. Supplementation of iron in iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) has several side effects including alterations of serum zinc level. Traditionally, amloki is used as a well known supplement in pregnancy, which is rich in trace elements. Aims were to determine the effects of iron and amloki on serum zinc level in IDA with pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This Prospective, longitudinal and interventional study was done by non blinded, non randomized sampling followed by inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study was performed in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka on 43 pregnant women between 13th to 20th weeks of gestation with IDA from July 2016 to June 2017. They were recruited from Outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Anaemic pregnant women supplemented with oral iron and amloki were considered as study group (A) and control group (B) were with only iron supplementation for 45 days. Serum zinc level was estimated in the laboratory of the Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka. For statistical analysis, Paired Student’s ‘t’ test and Unpaired Student’s ‘t’ test were considered using SPSS 22.0 version. Results: Significant decrease (p<0.001) of serum zinc level was observed after intervention of iron in both groups. In this study, there was no significant difference in serum zinc level in between study and control group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that oral iron supplementation causes decrease in serum zinc level in IDA with pregnancy. Amloki shows no significant role in preventing decrease of serum zinc level in this study.","PeriodicalId":39348,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Today","volume":"27 1","pages":"61-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85848501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Factors Associated with Sarcopenia in COPD Patients","authors":"Saleh Ahmed","doi":"10.3329/MEDTODAY.V33I01.52160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/MEDTODAY.V33I01.52160","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sarcopenia is frequently associated with chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Sarcopenia can be classified as physical frailty where frailty is associated with adverse health outcomes. Sarcopenia was found to be associated with worsening lung function in male COPD patient. Objective was to find out the factors associated with sarcopenia in COPD patients. Materials & Methods: This was cross-sectional observational study was carried out Different Privet Medical in Chandpur and Chandpur Medical College Hospital, Chandpur. Patients diagnosed with COPD according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD) guidelines were included in this study. Exclusion criteria were unstable cardiac disease, an exacerbation within the preceding 4 weeks, predominant neurological limitation to walking (eg, significant hemiplegia) or contraindication to bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) including an implanted pacemaker or defibrillator. All participants gave written informed consent. EWGSOP criteria were applied to outpatients with stable COPD. Results: In uniavariate analysis, age, moderate COPD, severe COPD, obesity, non-elective admission over the past 12 months, MMRC scale and MAP were significantly associated with sarcopenia. In multivariate analysis, age, moderate COPD, severe COPD, obesity and MMRC scale were significantly associated with sarcopenia. Conclusion: Prevalence of sarcopenia was 26%. Independent factors associated with sarcopenia Age (>70 years) years (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.387. Sarcopenia affects about one-quarter of COPD patients. Age, severity of COPD, MMRC scale, and BMI status were the factors associated with sarcopenia.","PeriodicalId":39348,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Today","volume":"2014 1","pages":"50-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78707724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}