Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Subcondylar Fossa Reconstruction in Pediatric Patients Following Malunion of Proximal Phalangeal Neck Fractures: Technique and Case Series. 小儿近端指骨颈骨折畸形愈合后的髁下窝重建:技术和病例系列。
Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/BTH.0000000000000512
David P VanEenenaam, Sarah L Struble, Eliza Buttrick, Benjamin Chang, Apurva S Shah
{"title":"Subcondylar Fossa Reconstruction in Pediatric Patients Following Malunion of Proximal Phalangeal Neck Fractures: Technique and Case Series.","authors":"David P VanEenenaam, Sarah L Struble, Eliza Buttrick, Benjamin Chang, Apurva S Shah","doi":"10.1097/BTH.0000000000000512","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BTH.0000000000000512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The subcondylar fossa is the bony depression between the articulating surface of the proximal and middle phalanges of the fingers that allows for full flexion at the proximal interphalangeal joint. A bony block may form in the subcondylar fossa secondary to the malunion of a proximal phalangeal neck fracture. If there is a substantial loss of flexion, surgical correction could be indicated. Corrective osteotomy is technically challenging in the proximal interphalangeal joint area as the phalangeal head is small, creating fixation challenges and carrying the risk of avascular necrosis and joint contracture. Current literature describes multiple techniques with varying complexity and there is no consensus on the ideal operation to manage these fractures after malunion. The subcondylar fossa reconstruction first proposed by Simmons and colleagues is a simple and safe surgical technique that involves directly removing the bony block at the phalangeal neck. Despite its utility, it has not been described in pediatric patients since its original report of 3 patients in 1987. This study describes the subcondylar fossa reconstruction technique and presents the outcomes of its application in 4 pediatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":39303,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vascularized Proximal Fibula Transfer to Distal Radius: Reconstruction of Large Bone Defects Including DRUJ Stabilization After Giant Cell Tumor Excision. 带血管的腓骨近端向桡骨远端转移:巨细胞瘤切除后包括DRUJ稳定在内的大骨缺损重建。
Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/BTH.0000000000000514
Laura C Burlage, Liron Duraku, David Stewart
{"title":"Vascularized Proximal Fibula Transfer to Distal Radius: Reconstruction of Large Bone Defects Including DRUJ Stabilization After Giant Cell Tumor Excision.","authors":"Laura C Burlage, Liron Duraku, David Stewart","doi":"10.1097/BTH.0000000000000514","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BTH.0000000000000514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, a new modification technique is described to reconstruct large bone defects of the distal radius after en bloc giant cell tumor resection with a proximal vascularized fibula graft. We discuss anatomic landmarks during graft harvest as well as reconstructive considerations. We aim for a durable reconstruction with optimal mobility and, therefore, introduce a fibular-scaphoid-lunate fusion with a reconstruction of the distal fibula-ulnar joint with an \"Adams-Berger-like\" procedure with a palmaris longus tendon. The clinical results of 3 patients who underwent this procedure were included in this study and showed promising results in terms of wrist mobility, union, and overall patient satisfaction during follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":39303,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stabilization of the Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Utilizing a Minimally Invasive Approach: A Novel Technique. 利用微创入路稳定拇指掌关节:一种新技术。
Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1097/BTH.0000000000000501
Monica Shoji, John B Park, Alexy Ilchuk, Carl M Harper
{"title":"Stabilization of the Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Utilizing a Minimally Invasive Approach: A Novel Technique.","authors":"Monica Shoji, John B Park, Alexy Ilchuk, Carl M Harper","doi":"10.1097/BTH.0000000000000501","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BTH.0000000000000501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treatment of symptomatic thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint synovitis can be challenging. Surgical options in these patients are often limited due to the patient's youth and lack of arthrosis. One of the most commonly used techniques involves the use of the flexor carpi radialis to reconstruct the ligamentous complex of the thumb CMC joint. This technique is technically challenging and involves a wide exposure to the CMC joint. Furthermore, outcomes data on this technique are relatively lacking. We propose a novel minimally invasive technique to confer stability to the thumb CMC joint in the setting of persistent subluxation/synovitis using the Arthrex MiniTightrope system. Our clinical results are encouraging at mean 24 months postoperative with nearly all patients experiencing both statistically and clinically meaningful improvements in QuickDASH and Visual Analog Scale pain scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":39303,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Minimally Invasive Arthroscopic-Assisted Treatment for Isolated Scaphoid Fossa Die Punch Nascent Malunion. 微创关节镜辅助治疗孤立性舟状窝凹模新生儿畸形愈合。
Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1097/BTH.0000000000000499
Lucian Lior Marcovici, Alessandro Greco, Antonio Luca Muscatiello, Beatrice Chiossi, Alessia Pagnotta
{"title":"Minimally Invasive Arthroscopic-Assisted Treatment for Isolated Scaphoid Fossa Die Punch Nascent Malunion.","authors":"Lucian Lior Marcovici, Alessandro Greco, Antonio Luca Muscatiello, Beatrice Chiossi, Alessia Pagnotta","doi":"10.1097/BTH.0000000000000499","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BTH.0000000000000499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A die punch fracture is an intra-articular fracture of the distal radius characterized by a localized depression of the articular surface, typically occurring in the lunate fossa. Misdiagnosis or incorrect management can lead to articular malunion. While die punch fractures in the scaphoid fossa are less common, their nascent malunions pose significant treatment challenges. Traditionally, these fractures are treated with an open dorsal and volar approach, combined with osteotomy and internal fixation. Arthroscopic-assisted osteotomy has emerged as a promising technique due to its precision and minimally invasive nature. We present a new arthroscopic assisted minimally invasive technique for treating isolated dislocated die punch fracture nascent malunion of the scaphoid fossa. We treated an isolated scaphoid die punch nascent malunion, with a 5 mm joint surface depression. Using a 3-4 portal and a 30-degree curved mini osteotome, we performed an intra-articular osteotomy of the fragment. A small 2 cm skin incision over the Lister tubercle and a 1 cm bone window facilitated the introduction of a 30-degree curved curette to elevate and anatomically reduce the fragment under arthroscopic guidance. Definitive fixation was achieved with 3 K-wires. Postoperative x-rays at 6 weeks show complete fracture consolidation, confirmed by a subsequent computed tomography scan. At 3 months, patients demonstrated satisfactory clinical recovery with wrist range of motion and grip strength equal to the contralateral wrist, returning to normal activities. This technique is feasible and safe, minimizing soft tissue damage, preserving proprioception and vascularity, and enabling faster recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":39303,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143469453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Revision Triceps Reconstruction With Achilles Bone Block Allograft Augmentation: A Novel Inlay Technique. 跟腱骨块异体骨块增强改良三头肌重建:一种新的镶嵌技术。
Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1097/BTH.0000000000000504
Matthew B Weber, Glenn Lee, Ilvy Cotterell
{"title":"Revision Triceps Reconstruction With Achilles Bone Block Allograft Augmentation: A Novel Inlay Technique.","authors":"Matthew B Weber, Glenn Lee, Ilvy Cotterell","doi":"10.1097/BTH.0000000000000504","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BTH.0000000000000504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Managing rerupture of the triceps brachii tendon after surgical repair is challenging due to poor tissue quality, retraction, and adhesions. This clinical scenario often requires augmentation with native tissue or tendon allografts. Traditional techniques include V-Y advancement, reinforced triceps advancement with double row or suture bridge fixation, and allograft tendon augmentation. This paper presents a novel method of fixation using an Achilles tendon allograft with a calcaneal bone block which aims to enhance previously described techniques. This new technique involves inserting an Achilles allograft calcaneal bone plug into the dorsal ulna to increase surface area for primary bone healing. The bone plug is then secured under a precontoured locking plate, potentially reducing the risks of displacement or fixation failure. This also avoids the placement of screws through the calcaneal plug, which puts it at risk for fracture. This technique also has drawbacks, such as increased costs, the potential need for a second surgery to remove hardware, and more extensive soft tissue dissection. In the patient case described, this method effectively reconstructed the triceps tendon in a revision setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":39303,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Use of Nitinol Staples as Reduction Aids in Fixation of Forearm Diaphyseal Fractures: Surgical Technique and Case Series. 使用镍钛诺订书钉作为前臂骨骺骨折固定的还原辅助工具:手术技术与病例系列。
Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1097/BTH.0000000000000496
Ethan Y Song, Emmanuel O Emovon, Andrew W Hollins, Eliana B Saltzman, Suhail K Mithani, Marc J Richard, Tyler S Pidgeon
{"title":"The Use of Nitinol Staples as Reduction Aids in Fixation of Forearm Diaphyseal Fractures: Surgical Technique and Case Series.","authors":"Ethan Y Song, Emmanuel O Emovon, Andrew W Hollins, Eliana B Saltzman, Suhail K Mithani, Marc J Richard, Tyler S Pidgeon","doi":"10.1097/BTH.0000000000000496","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BTH.0000000000000496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forearm diaphyseal fractures are common orthopedic injuries that typically require surgical intervention using various implants and approaches. Maintaining reduction while simultaneously achieving compression in radial and/or ulnar shaft fractures during compression plate application can be challenging, particularly with unstable segmental and/or transverse fracture patterns. Nitinol compression staples have become increasingly used as a reduction aid because of their ability to provide continuous compression between the staple legs at the fracture site, low profile, and ease of application. These staples have the potential to be an effective means of maintaining reduction and applying compression before definitive plate fixation for radial and ulnar shaft fractures. We present our surgical technique and an associated patient series detailing our institution's experience, highlighting favorable outcomes and potential considerations when using nitinol compression staples for forearm fracture management.</p>","PeriodicalId":39303,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Retrograde Intramedullary Pinning of Metacarpal Fractures Through the Collateral Recess. 通过侧凹逆行髓内钉固定掌骨骨折
Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1097/BTH.0000000000000500
Kendall Keck, Anca Dogaroiu, Marion Aribert, Cyril Awaida, Andrei Odobescu
{"title":"Retrograde Intramedullary Pinning of Metacarpal Fractures Through the Collateral Recess.","authors":"Kendall Keck, Anca Dogaroiu, Marion Aribert, Cyril Awaida, Andrei Odobescu","doi":"10.1097/BTH.0000000000000500","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BTH.0000000000000500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are several common types of fixations for metacarpal fractures: pins, plates, lag, and intramedullary (IM) screws. The advantages of pins are that they are ubiquitous, cost-effective, have shorter operative times, and preserve soft tissues, thereby minimizing adhesions. In this article, we describe metacarpal fracture fixation utilizing the technique of retrograde IM pinning through collateral recess access. We present the postoperative outcomes of our patients who underwent metacarpal fracture fixation utilizing this technique. Details of the fractures, patient comorbidities, demographics, and postoperative outcomes were gathered. Primary outcomes investigated were nonunion, malunion, need for revision, and range of motion (ROM). A total of 29 fractures in 14 patients were included, with multiple fractures present in 8 patients. The fractures were open in 8 cases. The orientation of the fracture was transverse in 22 cases and oblique in 7 with comminution noted in 13 fractures. Full ROM was obtained in 15 digits with 6 digits noted to have a good ROM and 6 digits still undergoing therapy. There were no nonunions noted and only one malunion. In conclusion, retrograde, double IM pinning through collateral recess access represents a reliable, cost-effective, and minimally traumatic method of metacarpal fixation, including carpometacarpal fracture dislocations.</p>","PeriodicalId":39303,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143469457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome of the Forearm: Compartment-specific Endoscopic Fasciotomy. 前臂慢性劳损筋膜室综合征:腔室特异性内窥镜筋膜切开术。
Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1097/BTH.0000000000000502
Guy Guenthner, Bradley Wiekrykas, Matthew Salzler, Charles Cassidy
{"title":"Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome of the Forearm: Compartment-specific Endoscopic Fasciotomy.","authors":"Guy Guenthner, Bradley Wiekrykas, Matthew Salzler, Charles Cassidy","doi":"10.1097/BTH.0000000000000502","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BTH.0000000000000502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) of the forearm is a rare but increasingly well-recognized condition that affects athletes and labor workers performing repetitive isometric loading of forearm musculature. There is no current consensus on surgical management for CECS of the forearm, and there is a paucity of literature to support a single technique. We describe the surgical management of CECS of the forearm with endoscopic forearm fasciotomy. This technique facilitates compartment-specific fasciotomy in patients diagnosed with CECS based on pre-operative intracompartmental pressure measurements while minimizing risks associated with wide-open and mini-open fasciotomy techniques. We demonstrate a step-by-step surgical approach for the treatment of this condition and provide an accompanying video demonstrating this surgical technique on a 20-year-old male collegiate rower with CECS of the bilateral forearms.</p>","PeriodicalId":39303,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Surgical Technique: Spinal Accessory to Infraspinatus Nerve Transfer in Brachial Plexus Birth Injury. 手术技术:臂丛神经产伤的脊髓附件至冈下神经转移。
Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1097/BTH.0000000000000493
Heather R Burns, Tanir A Moreno, Alexandra L McLennan, Erica Y Xue, Jenny Lee Nguyen, Brinkley K Moore
{"title":"Surgical Technique: Spinal Accessory to Infraspinatus Nerve Transfer in Brachial Plexus Birth Injury.","authors":"Heather R Burns, Tanir A Moreno, Alexandra L McLennan, Erica Y Xue, Jenny Lee Nguyen, Brinkley K Moore","doi":"10.1097/BTH.0000000000000493","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BTH.0000000000000493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nerve transfers, nerve grafts, and tendon transfers have been used to restore shoulder active external rotation in patients with brachial plexus birth injuries. Traditionally used nerve surgery techniques are nerve transfer from the spinal accessory nerve to a suprascapular nerve (SSN) or nerve grafting from C5 to the SSN. However, results are often suboptimal. A more distal and more targeted transfer from the spinal accessory nerve directly to the infraspinatus branch of the SSN has previously been described and mid-term outcomes are encouraging. Herein, we describe a modification of this technique with accompanying step-by-step intraoperative photographs.</p>","PeriodicalId":39303,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Radial Longitudinal Deficiency: Description of a Novel Surgical Technique and Clinical Cases. 放射状纵向缺陷:一种新的手术技术和临床病例描述。
Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1097/BTH.0000000000000497
Enrique Vergara-Amador, Laura López-Rincón, Camilo Romero Barreto, Tatiana Almario-Aristizábal
{"title":"Radial Longitudinal Deficiency: Description of a Novel Surgical Technique and Clinical Cases.","authors":"Enrique Vergara-Amador, Laura López-Rincón, Camilo Romero Barreto, Tatiana Almario-Aristizábal","doi":"10.1097/BTH.0000000000000497","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BTH.0000000000000497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radial longitudinal deficiency III and IV present as a short upper limb, functional elbow, and wrist with severe radial and palmar angulation, where the carpus articulates with the radial and palmar edge of the ulna, allowing limited mobility in a nonfunctional position. Surgical treatment aims to correct radial angulation and flexed carpal position, often altering carpal positioning over the distal ulna and impacting wrist mobility. In addition, fixation through distal ulnar epiphysis affects its growth. Although these procedures improve appearance, functionality remains suboptimal. This study describes a novel ulnar osteotomy and extensor carpi ulnaris transfer for the correction of wrist deformity in radial longitudinal deficiency with preservation of ulnocarpal motion and epiphyseal growth. The surgical technique, indications, contraindications, and potential complications are described. Three cases with postoperative follow-ups at 36, 12, and 6 months, evaluating deformity and pre/postsurgical wrist mobility ranges, are reported. A correction was achieved in the forearm-hand angle of 71 to 88 degrees of the initial. The total range of movement, between 50 degrees and 80 degrees, was almost the same before and after the operation in the most anatomic position. In one patient, there was a residual deformity at the dorsoradial border, which showed no progression during the last 6 months of follow-up. For patients with radial longitudinal deficiency, functional outcomes with preserved mobility appear to hold greater significance. The technique described in this study enabled deformity correction while maintaining a wide range of motion. The preservation of the physis in a different orientation is an aspect that will need evaluation in long-term follow-up but offers potential treatment options in the future; due to the unknown of the secondary deformity, it is recommended that the long-term results should be awaited before adoption of this technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":39303,"journal":{"name":"Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信