Acta Urologica Japonica最新文献

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[Testicular Leydig Cell Tumor Incidentally Detected on Computed Tomography : A Case Report]. 计算机断层扫描偶然发现睾丸间质细胞瘤1例。
Acta Urologica Japonica Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.82687/actaurojp.72.3_103
Kazuki Shiobara, Shinsuke Mizoguchi, Toru Inakawa, Ryo Ishiyama, Arisa Wada, Hiroshi Kobayashi
{"title":"[Testicular Leydig Cell Tumor Incidentally Detected on Computed Tomography : A Case Report].","authors":"Kazuki Shiobara, Shinsuke Mizoguchi, Toru Inakawa, Ryo Ishiyama, Arisa Wada, Hiroshi Kobayashi","doi":"10.82687/actaurojp.72.3_103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.82687/actaurojp.72.3_103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 58-year-old man was referred to our department for further evaluation of an incidental right intratesticular mass detected on abdominal and pelvic contrast-enhanced computed tomography performed for an unrelated condition. The mass measured approximately 13 mm and was not clearly palpable on physical examination. Scrotal magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-defined, lobulated, and multinodular mass within the right testis. As a malignant testicular tumor could not be excluded, a right high inguinal orchiectomy was performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Macroscopically, the excised specimen contained a solid yellow-white mass measuring 16×13×12 mm. Histopathological examination revealed proliferation of tumor cells with round nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the tumor cells were positive for calretinin, focally positive for Melan-A, and negative for SALL4. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of a Leydig cell tumor of the testis was made. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, and no evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis was observed during 9 months of follow-up. Leydig cell tumors are rare, accounting for approximately 1-3% of all testicular tumors. To our knowledge, this case represents the 128th reported case of testicular Leydig cell tumor in Japan. We report this rare case and provide a review of the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":39291,"journal":{"name":"Acta Urologica Japonica","volume":"72 3","pages":"103-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Single-Institution Experience with 25 Cases of Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors]. [单院25例生殖道外生殖细胞瘤的治疗体会]。
Acta Urologica Japonica Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.82687/actaurojp.72.3_97
Takehiro Yamane, Takeshi Sano, Takeyuki Watanabe, Takashi Matsuoka, Yuki Kita, Jin Kono, Kimihiko Masui, Takayuki Goto, Atsuro Sawada, Shusuke Akamatsu, Takashi Kobayashi
{"title":"[Single-Institution Experience with 25 Cases of Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors].","authors":"Takehiro Yamane, Takeshi Sano, Takeyuki Watanabe, Takashi Matsuoka, Yuki Kita, Jin Kono, Kimihiko Masui, Takayuki Goto, Atsuro Sawada, Shusuke Akamatsu, Takashi Kobayashi","doi":"10.82687/actaurojp.72.3_97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.82687/actaurojp.72.3_97","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extragonadal germ cell tumors are rare and have a poorer prognosis compared to testicular germ cell tumors. Although the therapeutic options are similar to those for advanced testicular germ cell tumors, there is uncertainty regarding the efficacy of first-line treatment and effective therapeutic options for second-line treatment or beyond due to the limited cases treated. We retrospectively studied 25 cases of extragonadal germ cell tumorstreated between April 1999 and March 2020. Prognosis was poor in cases that progressed to tertiary treatment, had nonseminomatous tumors, or were categorized as having a poor prognosis according to the International Germ Cell Classification. The findings of this case series indicate that achieving complete remission by up to second-line treatment through multidisciplinary treatment, including surgical resection, is important to avoid cancer mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":39291,"journal":{"name":"Acta Urologica Japonica","volume":"72 3","pages":"97-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[A Case of Emphysematous Cystitis with Air Bubbles in the Vena Cava, Pulmonary Artery and Brachiocephalic Vein]. 肺气肿性膀胱炎伴腔静脉、肺动脉、头臂静脉气泡1例。
Acta Urologica Japonica Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.82687/actaurojp.72.3_113
Satoshi Kondo, Syuya Kandori, Takuma Kanazawa, Satoka Kinase, Ryutaro Ishitsuka, Tsuyoshi Endo, Masakazu Tsutsumi, Hiroyuki Nishiyama
{"title":"[A Case of Emphysematous Cystitis with Air Bubbles in the Vena Cava, Pulmonary Artery and Brachiocephalic Vein].","authors":"Satoshi Kondo, Syuya Kandori, Takuma Kanazawa, Satoka Kinase, Ryutaro Ishitsuka, Tsuyoshi Endo, Masakazu Tsutsumi, Hiroyuki Nishiyama","doi":"10.82687/actaurojp.72.3_113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.82687/actaurojp.72.3_113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 78-year-old woman came to our emergency room because of loss of consciousness. Blood tests showed an elevated inflammatory response, and a computed tomography (CT) scan showed emphysematous cystitis. In addition, air bubbles were observed in the inferior vena cava, pulmonary artery, and brachiocephalic vein. We considered that they came from emphysematous cystitis. After admission to our hospital, we started antibiotics, placed a urethral catheter, and controlled the hyperglycemia. The patient's emphysematous cystitis resolved, and a CT scan performed on the 9th day of her hospitalization showed the disappearance of air bubbles. Emphysematous cystitis is caused by the accumulation of gas produced by gas-producing bacteria in the bladder wall or bladder cavity. It is a relatively rare disease with a high mortality rate of about 2-7%. Emphysematous cystitis with air bubbles in the venous system is rare. To our knowledge this is the first report of air bubbles in the brachiocephalic vein. In this report, we describe a case of emphysematous cystitis with air bubbles in the inferior vena cava, pulmonary artery and brachiocephalic vein.</p>","PeriodicalId":39291,"journal":{"name":"Acta Urologica Japonica","volume":"72 3","pages":"113-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Fournier's Gangrene in the Inguinal Region : A Case Report]. 负压创面治疗腹股沟区富尼耶坏疽1例
Acta Urologica Japonica Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.82687/actaurojp.72.3_109
Kaho Deguchi, Tetsuya Imamura, Shusuke Morikawa
{"title":"[Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Fournier's Gangrene in the Inguinal Region : A Case Report].","authors":"Kaho Deguchi, Tetsuya Imamura, Shusuke Morikawa","doi":"10.82687/actaurojp.72.3_109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.82687/actaurojp.72.3_109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 47-year-old male had been under treatment with debridement and antibacterial therapy for Fournier's gangrene from the right inguinal region to the scrotum. Local negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) was started simultaneously during the second debridement. After confirming that good granulation was achieved without any signs of infection, a segmental skin grafting procedure was performed 3 weeks after the start of NPWT. NPWT was continued for fixation of the graft. One week after the implantation, the grafts were confirmed to have grown and the patient was discharged.</p>","PeriodicalId":39291,"journal":{"name":"Acta Urologica Japonica","volume":"72 3","pages":"109-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Bladder Pain Syndrome Associated with Detrusor Underactivity and Bladder Outlet Obstruction : A Case Report]. 膀胱疼痛综合征伴逼尿肌活动不足和膀胱出口梗阻1例。
Acta Urologica Japonica Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.82687/actaurojp.72.3_117
Nodoka Kozen, Yuki Kyoda, Kohei Hashimoto, Ko Kobayashi, Toshiaki Tanaka, Naoya Masumori
{"title":"[Bladder Pain Syndrome Associated with Detrusor Underactivity and Bladder Outlet Obstruction : A Case Report].","authors":"Nodoka Kozen, Yuki Kyoda, Kohei Hashimoto, Ko Kobayashi, Toshiaki Tanaka, Naoya Masumori","doi":"10.82687/actaurojp.72.3_117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.82687/actaurojp.72.3_117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a case of bladder pain syndrome (BPS) in which pain improved with clean intermittent catheterization (CIC). The patient wasa 26-year-old woman who had experienced urinary frequency since childhood. Two years prior to visiting our hospital, her symptoms worsened, leading her to seek medical attention for increased frequency and bladder pain. Cystoscopy revealed no Hunner's lesions, but a voiding diary indicated reduced bladder capacity. A trial of bladder hydrodistension was performed without symptomatic improvement. She was referred to our department for further evaluation and management. Pressure-flow study (PFS) showed reduced detrusor contractility with significant abdominal straining during voiding. Although there was no post-void residual, she experienced severe voiding pain, prompting initiation of CIC. While her symptoms improved, attempts to discontinue CIC resulted in pain recurrence, and she continued CIC for over two years. This case highlights the diagnostic value of PFS and the potential effectiveness of CIC in selected BPS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":39291,"journal":{"name":"Acta Urologica Japonica","volume":"72 3","pages":"117-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[A Case of Cellular Angiofibroma Presenting as a Giant Scrotal Tumor]. 细胞血管纤维瘤表现为巨大的阴囊肿瘤1例。
Acta Urologica Japonica Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.82687/actaurojp.72.2_83
Akihiro Hoshiyama, Kasumi Kanai, Yuka Kono, Keiyu Matsumoto, Jin Kono, Satoshi Ishitoya, Yasumasa Shichiri, Tomoko Okuno, Kenichi Kohashi
{"title":"[A Case of Cellular Angiofibroma Presenting as a Giant Scrotal Tumor].","authors":"Akihiro Hoshiyama, Kasumi Kanai, Yuka Kono, Keiyu Matsumoto, Jin Kono, Satoshi Ishitoya, Yasumasa Shichiri, Tomoko Okuno, Kenichi Kohashi","doi":"10.82687/actaurojp.72.2_83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.82687/actaurojp.72.2_83","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 73-year-old man presented to our hospital with a giant scrotal tumor. Physical examination revealed a right-sided scrotal tumor measuring the size of the child's head. Blood and urine tests results showed no significant findings ; however, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings suggested a liposarcoma arising within the scrotum. Tumor resection was performed, and the subsequent pathological diagnosis was cellular angiofibroma. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful without any recurrence. Here, we report a case of cellular angiofibroma that was preoperatively suspected to be a malignant tumor.</p>","PeriodicalId":39291,"journal":{"name":"Acta Urologica Japonica","volume":"72 2","pages":"83-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[A Case of Urethral Calculi Treated by Transurethral Surgery Due to Mesh Exposure in the Urethra Following a Tension-Free Vaginal Tape Procedure]. [一例经尿道手术治疗尿道结石,原因是阴道无张力胶带手术后尿道网暴露]。
Acta Urologica Japonica Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.82687/actaurojp.72.2_89
Yuji Yata, Sumire Santo, Takuya Hagiwara, Junya Hara, Kazuaki Yamaga, Hakaru Masumoto, Tomohiro Hongo, Takashi Yoshioka, Tomoya Yamasaki, Kei Fujio, Hideo Otsuki
{"title":"[A Case of Urethral Calculi Treated by Transurethral Surgery Due to Mesh Exposure in the Urethra Following a Tension-Free Vaginal Tape Procedure].","authors":"Yuji Yata, Sumire Santo, Takuya Hagiwara, Junya Hara, Kazuaki Yamaga, Hakaru Masumoto, Tomohiro Hongo, Takashi Yoshioka, Tomoya Yamasaki, Kei Fujio, Hideo Otsuki","doi":"10.82687/actaurojp.72.2_89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.82687/actaurojp.72.2_89","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 66-year-old female patient visited another hospital complaining of frequent urination. Computed tomography scan revealed a 3 cm urethral stone, and she was referred to our hospital for surgery. The patient had a history of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) surgery for stress urinary incontinence approximately 15 years ago. When transurethral lithotripsy was initiated, the lower end of the stone was found near the external urethral meatus, and an attempt to push it into the bladder was unsuccessful. When fragmentation of the stone was performed using a Ho-YAG laser, exposure of the mesh, presumably from the previous TVT surgery, was detected. A loop electrocautery was used to remove as much of the exposed mesh and the stone as possible. Cystoscopic observation was not possible, but no stone recurrence or mesh-related complications have been noted six months after the surgery. Cases of urethral stones caused by mesh exposure in the urethra after TVT are rare, and we report this case together with a literature review.</p>","PeriodicalId":39291,"journal":{"name":"Acta Urologica Japonica","volume":"72 2","pages":"89-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Clinical Experience with Colovesical and Rectovesical Fistulas : A Case Series from Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital]. [膀胱瘘和直肠膀胱瘘的临床经验:Rakuwakai Otowa医院病例系列]。
Acta Urologica Japonica Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.82687/actaurojp.72.2_75
Kazuto Imai, Norihiko Masuda, Kanji Nagahama, Toshiya Akao
{"title":"[Clinical Experience with Colovesical and Rectovesical Fistulas : A Case Series from Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital].","authors":"Kazuto Imai, Norihiko Masuda, Kanji Nagahama, Toshiya Akao","doi":"10.82687/actaurojp.72.2_75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.82687/actaurojp.72.2_75","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colovesical and rectovesical fistulas are relatively rare, and there is no consensus on the gold standard for diagnostic workup and treatment. Here we retrospectively analyzed clinical courses from four patients with colovesical or rectovesical fistulas diagnosed at our hospital between January 2024 and December 2024. Among the four cases, three were male, and one was female. Fever was the chief complaint in three of the four cases, and sigmoid diverticulitis was identified as the underlying disease in two cases. All patients underwent abdominal plain CT scan and cystoscopy. CT scan revealed intravesical air in all cases. In one case, there was a discrepancy between the fistula location identified on CT and cystoscopic findings. One patient underwent laparoscopic sigmoidectomy as curative treatment, with an uneventful postoperative course. In the three cases managed conservatively, laparoscopic colostomy was performed, and postoperative complications such as urinary tract infection and urethral catheter obstruction occurred. In our case series, cystoscopy was useful for assessing the fistula location accurately. Preoperative evaluation with cystoscopy should be considered, especially in patients scheduled for curative surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":39291,"journal":{"name":"Acta Urologica Japonica","volume":"72 2","pages":"75-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[A Case of Testicular Epidermoid Cyst Treated by Tumor Enucleation]. 肿瘤去核治疗睾丸表皮样囊肿1例。
Acta Urologica Japonica Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.82687/actaurojp.72.2_79
Yuki Hashimoto, Kosuke Shimizu, Kodai Hattahara, Masayuki Uegaki, Toru Yoshida
{"title":"[A Case of Testicular Epidermoid Cyst Treated by Tumor Enucleation].","authors":"Yuki Hashimoto, Kosuke Shimizu, Kodai Hattahara, Masayuki Uegaki, Toru Yoshida","doi":"10.82687/actaurojp.72.2_79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.82687/actaurojp.72.2_79","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Testicular epidermoid cysts are relatively rare benign testicular tumors that are primarily observed in young adults. Most testicular tumors in adults tend to be malignant, and high inguinal orchiectomy is often performed to treat testicular epidermoid cysts. However, accurate preoperative and intraoperative diagnoses can make testis-sparing surgery a viable option. A 25-year-old man presented with a painless mass in the right scrotum. Ultrasonography revealed a hypoechoic lesion with an echogenic rim and an onion ring sign. Magnetic resonance imaging showed the target sign in the right testis. These imaging findings are considered to be highly specific to testicular epidermoid cysts. Intraoperative rapid testicular frozen sections were also useful for performing testis-sparing surgery. For this patient, an accurate preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative pathological examination enabled testis-sparing surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":39291,"journal":{"name":"Acta Urologica Japonica","volume":"72 2","pages":"79-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[A Case of Pelvic Organ Prolapse Treated with Laparoscopic Sacrocolpopexy and Bladder Diverticulectomy at the Same Time]. 腹腔镜骶colpop固定术联合膀胱憩室切除术治疗盆腔器官脱垂1例
Acta Urologica Japonica Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.82687/actaurojp.72.1_7
Hiromasa Araki, Takuro Miyagawa, Seiji Moroi, Go Kobori
{"title":"[A Case of Pelvic Organ Prolapse Treated with Laparoscopic Sacrocolpopexy and Bladder Diverticulectomy at the Same Time].","authors":"Hiromasa Araki, Takuro Miyagawa, Seiji Moroi, Go Kobori","doi":"10.82687/actaurojp.72.1_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.82687/actaurojp.72.1_7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a case of bladder diverticulum accompanied by pelvic organ prolapse treated with laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy and bladder diverticulectomy at the same time. A literature search showed this is the first report of simultaneous laparoscopic bladder diverticulectomy and sacrocolpopexy. A 63-year-old woman was referred to our department for voiding dysfunction and incomplete bladder emptying. She had a POP-Q stage III cystocele. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large bladder diverticulum. Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy and bladder diverticulectomy were performed at the same time. After the operation, the symptoms improved and residual urine decreased. There has been no mesh infection and no recurrence of cystocele.</p>","PeriodicalId":39291,"journal":{"name":"Acta Urologica Japonica","volume":"72 1","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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