West African Journal of Applied Ecology最新文献_第9页

Determining Optimum Rates of Mineral Fertilizers for Economic Rice Grain Yields under the "Sawah" System in Ghana 在加纳“Sawah”制度下确定经济水稻产量的最佳矿质肥料用量

West African Journal of Applied Ecology Pub Date : 2009-09-07 DOI: 10.4314/WAJAE.V12I1.45770

Buri Mohammed Moro, I. Nuhu, Wakatsuki Toshiyuki

{"title":"Determining Optimum Rates of Mineral Fertilizers for Economic Rice Grain Yields under the \"Sawah\" System in Ghana","authors":"Buri Mohammed Moro, I. Nuhu, Wakatsuki Toshiyuki","doi":"10.4314/WAJAE.V12I1.45770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJAE.V12I1.45770","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrient input and output balances are very essential for maintaining balances in not only soil nutrient management but also in preventing pollution and waste through excess use. A study was undertaken to determine the optimum levels of the major elements (N, P, K) required for optimum lowland rice yields under the “sawah” system within the Biem and Dwinyan watersheds of the Ashanti Region, Ghana. Results show that the sites suffer multinutrient (N, P, K) deficiencies, with N and P being more pronounced. Mineral fertilizer positively and significantly affected rice paddy grain yield. The addition of 30 kg/ha each of N, P2O5 and K2O increased mean paddy grain yield by 71%, 51% and 56%, respectively. The application of higher rates of N (> 90 kg/ha) did not reflect in yield improvement and, therefore, was not economically beneficial. Optimum grain yield was observed at 60 kg P2O5/ha and 60 kg K2O/ha. Site significantly affected grain yield only in the first year. Maximum economic grain yields were observed from the rates 90-60-90 and 90-90-60 kg/ha N - P2O5 - K2O, respectively. From the results obtained, 90-60-60 kg/ha N- P2O5 - K2O is recommended for these areas.","PeriodicalId":39286,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"12 1","pages":"19-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/WAJAE.V12I1.45770","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70684923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Peasant livelihoods and land degradation: Evidence from a participatory assessment in the Gia-Kajelo community in Northern Ghana 农民生计和土地退化:来自加纳北部Gia-Kajelo社区参与性评估的证据

West African Journal of Applied Ecology Pub Date : 2009-09-07 DOI: 10.4314/WAJAE.V11I1.45732

J. Yaro

{"title":"Peasant livelihoods and land degradation: Evidence from a participatory assessment in the Gia-Kajelo community in Northern Ghana","authors":"J. Yaro","doi":"10.4314/WAJAE.V11I1.45732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJAE.V11I1.45732","url":null,"abstract":"The relationships between peasant livelihoods and land degradation in the Gia-Kajelo community were examined in a wider context of the man-environment relations in the African savanna. The relationship has to be looked at in a wider dimension involving conceptual frameworks that incorporate contemporary understanding of rural livelihoods, institutional dynamics, resource diversity, environmental variability and macro level influences on local socio-politicoeconomic landscapes. Investigating these relationship should move from the biased technocratic objective assessment of virgin lands and so-called mapping of human impacts to studies identifying the environment as an arena for synergistic interaction between ‘man’ and ‘nature’. Based on the later approach results showed that all wealth groups experienced land degradation on their fields, reflecting the type of land investments made and mediated by levels of access to resources and opportunities. Being poor reduced the ability of most people to invest in land improvement, but being rich did not automatically lead to good environmental health","PeriodicalId":39286,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"11 1","pages":"109-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/WAJAE.V11I1.45732","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70684346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Groundwater quality in the Wassa West District of the Western Region of Ghana 加纳西部地区瓦萨西部地区的地下水质量

West African Journal of Applied Ecology Pub Date : 2009-09-07 DOI: 10.4314/WAJAE.V11I1.45729

Bk Kortatsi

{"title":"Groundwater quality in the Wassa West District of the Western Region of Ghana","authors":"Bk Kortatsi","doi":"10.4314/WAJAE.V11I1.45729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJAE.V11I1.45729","url":null,"abstract":"Reconnaissance hydrochemical survey of 56 wells was conducted in the Wassa West District with the objective of providing baseline data for the establishment of groundwater quality monitoring stations. The data acquired is used in this paper to assess the quality of groundwater in the District. Groundwaters are mainly mildly aggressive with pH values in the range 4.5–6.9. However, a few of the boreholes show strong acidic character (pH range 3.7–4.0). The conductivity values are in the range 37–780 mS cm-1 with a mean 246.4 mS cm-1 suggesting the groundwaters are generally fresh and have short residence time. The groundwaters are moderately hard to very hard with only 40% of the samples representing soft waters. Groundwater quality is excellent with respect to major ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, HCO3 -, SO4 2-, Cl-) as they fall below their respective WHO guideline limits for water potability. Uncharacteristic of mining areas, trace metals loading of the groundwaters are generally low. All except aluminum, arsenic, barium, iron, manganese, mercury and nickel have concentrations well below the WHO guideline limits for water potability. Aluminum (0.0–2.5 mg l-1), iron (0.0–18.3 mg l-1) and manganese (0.0–2.41 mg l-1) are higher than WHO guideline limits of 0.2 mg l-1, 0.3 mg l-1 and 0.5 mg l-1 in more than 20%, 40% and 25% of the wells, respectively, and, therefore, pose significant aesthetic quality problems to groundwater quality. Mercury concentration exceeds the WHO guideline limit of 0.001 mg l-1 in all the wells during the rainy season and, thus, poses the greatest physiological threat for groundwater usage for drinking purposes in the District. Arsenic and barium exceeded the WHO guideline limit in less than 5% of the wells. Aesthetic problems can be eliminated using iron removal plants or aerators. These will induce the co-precipitation of trace metals with ferric oxyhydroxide. Limiting mercury usage in mining will curtail physiological problems.","PeriodicalId":39286,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"11 1","pages":"25-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/WAJAE.V11I1.45729","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70684328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Impact of mining activities on water resources in the vicinity of the Obuasi mine 采矿活动对奥瓦西矿区附近水资源的影响

West African Journal of Applied Ecology Pub Date : 2009-09-07 DOI: 10.4314/WAJAE.V11I1.45719

TM Akabzaa, B. Banoeng-Yakubo, J. Seyire

{"title":"Impact of mining activities on water resources in the vicinity of the Obuasi mine","authors":"TM Akabzaa, B. Banoeng-Yakubo, J. Seyire","doi":"10.4314/WAJAE.V11I1.45719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJAE.V11I1.45719","url":null,"abstract":"Surface and groundwater samples within the catchment area of the Obuasi mine were analysed to assess the impact of mining activities on water resources. The concentration of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg, As and selected major ions in water samples were analysed to assess their role in the contamination of both surface and ground water. The mineralogical composition of various mine spoil and rock samples was investigated by microprobe analysis to ascertain the possible sources of the metals in drainage and ground water. The hydrochemical analytical study, using standard methods, shows that streams in the study area have higher trace and major ions loading than ground water with iron and arsenic concentrations ranging from 0.025 mg/l to 17.19 mg/l and indication of mixed waters from a variety of sources. The microprobe results showed that waste rocks and related mine spoil contain a variety of Fe, Cu, As, Sb, Zn and co-bearing sulphides with strong compositional variations, and account for the augmented levels of these metals in drainage proximal to mining and processing facilities. The probe results did not show Hg in mine spoil, and very high Hg values observed in the vicinity of areas of intense illegal smallscale mining are attributed to the use of this chemical by miners in gold amalgamation","PeriodicalId":39286,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"11 1","pages":"129-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/WAJAE.V11I1.45719","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70684629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 52

Morphometric Variations in Sarotherodon melanotheron (Pisces: Cichlidae) from Brackish and Fresh Water Habitats in South-western Nigeria 奈及利亚西南部咸淡水和淡水生境中黑素异齿龙(双鱼座:奇鱼科)的形态变异

West African Journal of Applied Ecology Pub Date : 2009-09-07 DOI: 10.4314/WAJAE.V12I1.45767

I. Omoniyi, A. Agbon

引用次数: 26

Studies on the short-term fffects of the mobil Idoho oil Spill on the Littoral Biota of Southeastern Nigeria 关于美孚石油泄漏对尼日利亚东南部沿海生物群的短期影响的研究

West African Journal of Applied Ecology Pub Date : 2009-09-07 DOI: 10.4314/WAJAE.V11I1.45725

I. Ewa-Oboho, O. Oladimej

{"title":"Studies on the short-term fffects of the mobil Idoho oil Spill on the Littoral Biota of Southeastern Nigeria","authors":"I. Ewa-Oboho, O. Oladimej","doi":"10.4314/WAJAE.V11I1.45725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJAE.V11I1.45725","url":null,"abstract":"Quantitative surveys of the intertidal macro-fauna were conducted during September-October 1998 along transects established at various locations along the Nigeria coastline, following the rupture of a 24-inch pipeline at Idoho, off the Gulf of Guinea, southeastern Nigeria on 12 January 1998. Samples were taken within impacted areas and at control unpolluted sites approximately 5 km to the east of the Idoho off-shore platform. Spilled oil moved rapidly ashore and into river mouths, and estuaries and their mangals shortly after the spills. Biomass of macrofauna in the impacted areas tended to decrease with level of oiling, as the mean abundance decreased rapidly to about 50% of that found on the control unpolluted sites. Edible gastropod, mainly species of Tympanotomus fuscatus, and the brachyuran decapod, Uca tangeri, typically consumed by coastal inhabitants, had reduction in mean densities (up to 62%) in the oiled Bonny, Brass, Lagos and Forcados than in the non-oiled areas of Imo, Andoni and Cross River, showing partial recovery of the environment from the debacle after 9 months. The ecological implications of these findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":39286,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"11 1","pages":"51-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/WAJAE.V11I1.45725","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70684204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of pesticide application rate on yield of vegetables and soil microbial communities 农药施用量对蔬菜产量及土壤微生物群落的影响

West African Journal of Applied Ecology Pub Date : 2009-09-07 DOI: 10.4314/WAJAE.V12I1.45749

M. Glover‐Amengor, F. Tetteh

{"title":"Effect of pesticide application rate on yield of vegetables and soil microbial communities","authors":"M. Glover‐Amengor, F. Tetteh","doi":"10.4314/WAJAE.V12I1.45749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJAE.V12I1.45749","url":null,"abstract":"Lindane is listed among the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) pesticides, and agricultural uses of lindane have been banned in 52 countries due to its hazardous nature. However, lindane is still widely used in vegetable cultivation in Ghana. The effect of increasing rates of application of lindane (156.0, 244.0 and 312.0 g ha-1), unden (propoxur) (125.0, 187.5 and 250.0 g ha-1), dithane and karate (166.6, 209.8 and 333.3 g ha-1) on garden eggs, okro and tomatoes was studied to find out if it has any advantage that makes its use attractive to farmers despite its ban. Yields of garden eggs were suppressed by all the rates of lindane applied. In tomatoes, lower rates of lindane increased yields whereas the higher rates suppressed yields lower than the control. In okro yields were higher than the control at all levels of lindane applied though yield increments were low. Unden application had the highest effect on garden egg yields followed by tomatoes and least on okro. In the garden egg and tomato treatments, increasing concentration of unden resulted in decreasing yields though yields were higher on the control plots. The optimum unden rate for garden egg and tomato was U20 (i.e. 125.0 g ha-1). Increasing rates of unden on okro did not have any significant effect. Pesticide application had a higher effect on fungal population (50-70% reduction) than on bacterial population in the soil (23.0–38.4% reduction). Dithane suppressed bacteria most whereas karate suppressed fungal population most. Lower levels of chloride residues in tomato fruits corresponded to lower rates of lindane application. Lindane did not have any advantage over the other pesticides as it caused the least increase in yield. It is recommend that farmers are educated on the adverse effects of lindane use, and government enforces the restriction on lindane importation and use in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":39286,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"12 1","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/WAJAE.V12I1.45749","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70684414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 53

Using multiple linear regression techniques to quantify carbon stocks of fallow vegetation in the tropics 利用多元线性回归技术量化热带休耕植被碳储量

West African Journal of Applied Ecology Pub Date : 2009-09-07 DOI: 10.4314/WAJAE.V12I1.45779

E. Attua

{"title":"Using multiple linear regression techniques to quantify carbon stocks of fallow vegetation in the tropics","authors":"E. Attua","doi":"10.4314/WAJAE.V12I1.45779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJAE.V12I1.45779","url":null,"abstract":"Fallow ecosystems provide a significant carbon stock that can be quantified for inclusion in the accounts of global carbon budgets. Process and statistical models of productivity, though useful, are often technically rigid as the conditions for their application are not easy to satisfy. Multiple regression techniques have been applied to study some biophysical phenomena but yet to be applied to carbon stock estimation. Using ecological data from 28 sampling locations, the study applied the stepwise multiple regression technique to identify ecological variables that would explain carbon stock of fallow vegetation, aged between 3 and 8 years. The procedure generated three predictive regression models. The full model, could explain nearly 98% of variability of carbon stock (R 2 = .979), using cationexchange capacity and total nitrogen content of soil and leaf area index as the three predictor variables. Sampling inaccuracies could have contributed to the error component of models and sample size increase has been suggested for reduction of such errors. The advantage of the method is its simplicity. The paper suggests that the derived models be validated before broad application. Also, the cost-effectiveness of the approach should be tested against other approaches.","PeriodicalId":39286,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/WAJAE.V12I1.45779","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70685048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Theoretical basis of allometric relationships in juvenile brachyura: Data from a West African mangrove swamp crab population 短肢幼鱼异速生长关系的理论基础:来自西非红树林沼泽蟹种群的数据

West African Journal of Applied Ecology Pub Date : 2009-09-04 DOI: 10.4314/WAJAE.V10I1.45693

I. Ewa-Oboho, N. Abby-Kalio

{"title":"Theoretical basis of allometric relationships in juvenile brachyura: Data from a West African mangrove swamp crab population","authors":"I. Ewa-Oboho, N. Abby-Kalio","doi":"10.4314/WAJAE.V10I1.45693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/WAJAE.V10I1.45693","url":null,"abstract":"The carapace length-weight relationship in juvenile Brachyura (crabs) was studied theoretically to assess the relevance of the allometric factor and the validity of the condition factor as these factors are often not determined because most fishery investigations are conducted for adult population. The allometric factor appears to be the main parameter in the equation: W = aLb (where W = weight, a is a constant and L = carapace length). Parameters a (also called the condition factor K, known as the ponderal index) and k = 103 W/L3 were found to be of less significance and they were closely related to b. The theoretical value of b = 3 was found to be rarely met in crab fishery studies; rather much wider range was observed. It was, therefore, recommended that the assumed theoretical value of b = 3 would not be applied in all ichthiofauna surveys as it is generally commonly done by fishery scientists. The present analytical studies has opened a new approach to the elucidation of the biological significance of the allometric factor b, through the theories of tractal geometry (where b is seen as a fractal dimension equivalent and salutatory ontogeny where b is a critical point in the early life history of crabs.","PeriodicalId":39286,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Applied Ecology","volume":"12 1","pages":"35-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/WAJAE.V10I1.45693","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70683959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Field screening of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) germplasm for desirable traits by the use of augmented design 利用扩增设计法对木薯种质资源进行田间筛选

West African Journal of Applied Ecology Pub Date : 2009-09-04 DOI: 10.4314/WAJAE.V10I1.45691

I. Asante, A. Dixon

引用次数: 14