Anthropological Review最新文献

{"title":"Morpho-facial variations in physical features of two tribal populations of Kargil (Ladakh, India): A bio-anthropological investigation","authors":"J. Sehrawat, Mohd Ali","doi":"10.18778/1898-6773.86.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.86.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"Somatoscopy is a systematic and cumulative visual examination of the morphological features of an individual. Physical anthropologists have classified humans into certain specific groups on the basis of specific morphoscopical features, and such variations have been widely studied. Fourteen somatoscopic traits of 800 adult (>25years) Ladakhi individuals, belonging to two Kargil (India) tribal groups (Brokpas and Purigpas) were examined; four hundred (N=400) healthy individuals from each tribe i.e., 221 males and 179 females of the Brokpa tribe and 210 males and 190 females of the Purigpa tribe, comprised the present study sample. Statistically significant differences were noticed between the Brokpas and the Purigpas with respect to the frequencies distribution of their skin colour, hair form, facial contour/ profile, nasal types and presence/absence of epicanthic fold, prognathism, Darwin’s tubercle, Adam’s apple, scaphoid, attached ear lobe etc. The Brokpas exhibited significant sex differences in skin colour, eye colour, hair form, nasal septum, nasal tip, epicanthic fold, ear lobe, and Adam apple, whereas only skin colour, eye colour, ear lobe attachment, hair form, and prognathism were found significantly different in the two sexes of Purigpas. The morphological variation and sexual dimorphism in the human physical features of the two Ladakhi tribes will add to the existing knowledge regarding the anthropological characteristics of different ethnic groups of India. The differences in their morphological traits may be due to the differences in their genetic adaptations as the two tribal groups originated from two different ancient populations i.e., the Brokpas are of the European origin and the Purigpas are the descendants of the Tibeto-Mongoloids. The results of this study, however, need to be supplemented with a compressive investigation to confirm the heterogeneity in the morphological and genetic features of the two tribal groups of Ladakh (India) and the influence of differential ancestral migrations on the facial features of the individuals of the two tribal groups.","PeriodicalId":39218,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45760052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where are the Roman women of Ovilava? A spatio-temporal approach to interpret the female deficit at the eastern Roman cemetery (Gräberfeld Ost) of Ovilava, Austria","authors":"D. Hagmann, Barbara Ankerl, Michaela Greisinger, Renate Miglbauer, S. Kirchengast","doi":"10.18778/1898-6773.86.2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.86.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"In historic and prehistoric populations, the sex ratio can often only be determined based on bioarchaeological analyses of cemeteries. In this context, a so-called female deficit has been described, which clearly contrasts the sex ratio typical of recent populations. The present study aims to analyze the sex ratio in the eastern cemetery (‘Gräberfeld Ost’) of the Roman town Ovilava. This site is located beneath today’s city of Wels in Upper Austria (AUT), in the northwestern region of Noricum. Spatial as well as chronological aspects of the sex ratio were considered. A total of 111 individuals older than 15 years could be included in the analysis. Radiocarbon dating allowed a chronological classification of the burials. In addition, a spatial analysis of the cemetery was carried out using a geoinformation system. For the whole sample, a sex ratio of 200.0 and a marked female deficit were recorded. Considering the individual age classes and the periods separately, an apparent female surplus emerged among individuals younger than 20 years (sex ratio = 62.5). With increasing age class, the proportion of females reduced dramatically; among the over 40-year-olds, the sex ratio was 370.0. There was also an apparent female deficit in the Early Roman and Imperial Roman Periods but an almost balanced sex ratio in the early Middle Ages. Furthermore, the sex proportion varied between the cemetery areas. Consequently, a female deficit occurs mainly during Roman times and in specific areas of the burial ground.","PeriodicalId":39218,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42831376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropometric characteristics of four groups of indigenous people of Wallacea in East Indonesia","authors":"N. Rahmawati, J. Hastuti, R. A. Suriyanto","doi":"10.18778/1898-6773.86.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.86.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"The human body size varies significantly around the world, both between and within populations. Likewise, ethnic diversity has a significant effect on anthropometric data differences for the Naulu, Tana Ai, Bugis and Rampasasa tribes, in Wallacea, East Indonesia. Six body dimensions were collected from 484 people, 219 males and 265 females in the age from 18 to 80 years. The statistical analysis included tabulating the means and standard deviations for the various body dimensions and proportions. A one-way ANOVA with post hoc LSD test was performed to determine significant differences between the means of anthropometric dimensions and proportions, as well as within the four ethnic groups. There are significant differences (p<0.01) among the four ethnic groups and two sexes in most measurements taken. The post-hoc LSD test indicated that the Naulu male has the largest body size compared to the Tana Ai, Bugis, and Rampasasa tribes. The Naulu have a large body size, a long trunk, broad shoulders, and long legs. Tana Ai and Bugis people have nearly identical characteristics, namely a medium body, long trunk, narrow shoulders and hips, whereas Rampasasa people have a small body size, with a long trunk, narrow shoulders and a wide pelvis. The Naulu and Bugis people have trapezoidal trunks, while the Tana Ai and Rampasasa people have rectangular trunks. In conclusion, the tribes in the Wallace area of East Indonesia have a wide variety of physical characteristics. Further research is needed to understand how changes in technology, development, transportation and large migration flows affect the demographic and physical characteristics of ethnic groups in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":39218,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49521746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Birth Size of Neonates and Its Association with Seasonality","authors":"A. Dimitrova, Y. Zhecheva, Z. Mateeva, R. Georgieva, R. Stoev, Boyan Kirilov, Aleksandra Ravnachka, Ivaila Yankova Ivanova–Pandourska","doi":"10.18778/1898-6773.86.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.86.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between the season of birth and the birth weight and length of Bulgarian newborns.\u0000The weight and length data of 6517 (6098 full-term and 419 preterm) live births in 2000–2001 were collected from the birth registry of II Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynaecology “Sheynovo”, Sofia, Bulgaria. Statistical analyses were done using the SPSS 16 software for Windows: descriptive statistics; the t-test (p<0.05); One-Way ANOVA, (Tukey, HSD-test, p<0.05) and the Pearson’s correlation. The sunshine dura-tion data for 2000 and 2001 were collected at the Sofia Meteorological Station.\u0000The mean weight of Bulgarian neonates born in 2000-2001 was 3389.8 g in boys and 3261.8 g in girls. The average newborn’s length was 51.0 cm and 50.3 cm in boys and girls, respectively. In all seasons, significant gender differences were observed with a priority for boys (p≤0.001). The winter period was identified with a peak in birth length for both sexes, and spring and summer were the seasons with the lowest values for boys and girls, respectively. A significant positive correlation between birth length and the daily amount of sunshine during the prenatal period was found (p<0.001).\u0000Seasonal fluctuations influenced weight and length in Bulgarian neonates. The results obtained in this study can be useful in prenatal diagnostics, neonatal care, and health prevention of pregnant women and neonates.","PeriodicalId":39218,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46905802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between smoking status and body composition parameters in a young adult population","authors":"Darina Falbová, R. Beňuš, Lenka Vorobeľová","doi":"10.18778/1898-6773.86.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.86.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between smoking status and body composition parameters in 19–30 years old slovak population (mean age: 22,38 ± 2,34 years). The sample consisted of 379 individuals, including 143 men and 236 women. Body composition parameters were obtained using segmentation bioimpedance analysis. The results of our study showed that regular smokers had significantly higher values of waist circumference (p = 0.050), body mass index (p = 0.042), waist-toheight ratio (p = 0.027), fat mass index (p = 0.014) fat mass (p < 0.017), pecentual body fat (p = 0.008), trunk fat mass (FM, p = 0.008), leg fat mass (p = 0.029), and visceral fat area (p = 0.017) compared to non-smokers. Using correlation analysis, we detected an increase in FM (kg) values along with the frequency of smoking (r = 0,136; p = 0,009). Moreover, smoking positively correlated with coffee (r = 0.147; p = 0.002), energy drinks (r = 0.259; p < 0.001), and alcohol consumption (r = 0.101; p = 0.035). Smokers also added salt to their food more often (r = 0.132; p = 0.005) and worked less (r = -0.111; p = 0.025). In this study we confirmed the significant association of smoking with the body composition components, while it is responsible for higher adiposity in young adults.","PeriodicalId":39218,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46951528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of dental caries among children and adults inhabiting Starorypin (11th–12th c.) compared to other Early Medieval populations from Poland","authors":"J. Tomczyk, A. Myszka, Jadwiga Lewandowska, M. Zalewska, Wojciech Niemiro, D. Olczak-Kowalczyk","doi":"10.18778/1898-6773.86.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.86.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Dental caries testing provides information about diet, hygiene and eating habits. This information can be useful in reconstructing the living conditions of historical populations. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of dental caries in adults and children in the Early Middle Ages population from Starorypin (Poland) and compare the results with other early medieval populations from Poland.\u0000A total of 346 adult permanent teeth and 131 deciduous teeth were included in the study. Both the macroscopic method and imaging methods (X-ray and a light-induced fluorescence technique) were applied in the study.\u0000Dental caries were recorded in 33% (115/346) of the permanent teeth and in 10% (13/131) of the deciduous teeth. In permanent teeth, dental caries were diagnosed on the approximal surface, while dental caries in deciduous teeth are most often diagnosed on the occlusal surface. Early childhood caries (ECC) were mainly diagnosed on the teeth of individuals within the 3.0–5.5 years age group.\u0000The frequency of dental caries seemed to be high compared to other early medieval populations. The obtained results may have been influenced by ‘broadband’ odontological research methods, not limited to the macroscopic method alone. However, it can be also argued that the frequency of dental caries observed in this study might have been influenced by a highly varied diet, as indicated by archaeozoological and archaeobotanical studies. The surfaces affected by dental caries correspond to findings of other studies showing that in adults, these were the approximal surfaces, while they were the labial/occlusion surfaces on the deciduous teeth.","PeriodicalId":39218,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44076118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spina Bifida Sacralis Occulta from Ancient Greek Sicily (Pozzanghera Necropolis, Leontinoi, 6th–4th Century BC): Anatomical, Anthropological and Ethnomedical Considerations on the Insular Presentation of this Congenital Anomaly","authors":"Sebastiano Melintenda, E. Varotto, E. Pappalardo, Lorenzo Guzzardi, Veronica Papa, Dario Palermo, F. Galassi","doi":"10.18778/1898-6773.86.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.86.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"In this article a case of spina bifida sacralis occulta (SBSO) from the Pozzanghera necropolis of the ancient Greek colony of Leontinoi (Sicily) and archaeologically dated to the 6th–4th century BC is morphologically analysed and discussed. An ethnomedical excursus on the knowledge and impact of this condition in Sicilian history is offered. Although SBO is one of the most frequent congenital anomalies in the global palaeopathological record, a comprehensive literature search did not yield results for the history of Sicily before Christ, hence this case enriches existing knowledge on the historical presentation of this vertebral congenital anomaly in this region.","PeriodicalId":39218,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47724222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tooth size discrepancies in Kosovar adolescents with different malocclusion classes","authors":"Blertë Zylfiu-Latifi, B. Kamberi, S. Meštrović","doi":"10.18778/1898-6773.86.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.86.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study was to evaluate tooth size discrepancies in Kosovar adolescents according to the Bolton’s analysis, and to determine the differences between gender and malocclusion classes.\u0000A sample of 400 Kosovar adolescents, aged 13–19 years with various malocclusion categories (class I, II, III) according to the Angle’s classification, was randomly selected. The anterior tooth size ratio, overall tooth size ratio, posterior tooth size ratio, as well as distribution of tooth size discrepancies were assessed. The normality of distribution was assessed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the differences between genders by the Independent Sample T-test, the Mann-Whitney U-test, and differences among malocclusion groups by ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis, and the Dunn’s post-hoc tests.\u0000The tooth size ratios of men and women did not differ significantly. The results also demonstrated significant differences among the malocclusion classes only for the anterior tooth size ratio (p<0.05). The overall and posterior ratios did not differ significantly within malocclusion classes. The percentages of Kosovar subjects with a deviation of more than 2SD from the Bolton average for the anterior and overall ratios were 41.37 and 23.79, respectively.\u0000The genders did not differ significantly regarding tooth size ratios. Among the malocclusion classes, the anterior ratio differed significantly. In Kosovar subjects, tooth size discrepancies tend to be higher compared to Bolton’s averages.","PeriodicalId":39218,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44370662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ontogeny of the postcranial skeleton in saddle-back tamarins, Leontocebus fuscicollis and callimicos, Callimico goeldii (Callitrichidae, Primates)","authors":"B. Urbani","doi":"10.18778/1898-6773.86.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.86.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"Ontogenetic studies of callitrichid anatomy are limited to research focused mainly on postcranial skeleton of adults. The goal of this study is to compare the ontogeny of postcranial skeletal development in Goeldi’s monkeys (i.e., callimico; Callimico goeldii) with the corresponding data on saddle-back tamarins (Leontocebus fuscicollis). The intermembral, humerofemoral, brachial, crural, and ulna-radius indices of callimicos and saddle-back tamarins were calculated and compared among different age classes in order to assess the implications for their ecology and behavior. Ontogenetic trajectories, including age at growth cessation, were also calculated. It is shown that for a given hindlimb length, L. fuscicollis has longer forelimbs compared to C. goeldii, maintaining this proportion across all age classes. A relatively elongated forelimb observed in L. fuscicollis may have a mechanical role in reducing the force of impact when landing on large vertical substrates. In contrast, hindlimb length and pattern of hindlimb development (such as derived features of the ankle that enhance stability) in callimicos appear to play a critical role in propulsion during trunk-to-trunk leaping. These differences may affect niche partitioning, foraging strategies, and substrate use.","PeriodicalId":39218,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43331426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do the short die young? Evidence from a large sample of deceased Polish adults","authors":"Piotr Paweł Chmielewski, S. Kozieł, K. Borysławski","doi":"10.18778/1898-6773.86.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.86.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"Body height is associated with various socioeconomic and health-related outcomes. Despite numerous studies, the relationship between stature and longevity remains uncertain. This study explores the association between self-reported height and lifespan. Data from 848,860 adults who died between 2004 and 2008 in Poland were collected. After excluding a small proportion of records due to missing data or errors, we examined records for 848,387 individuals (483,281 men, age range: 20–110 years; 365,106 women, age range: 20–112 years). Height was expressed as standardized residual variance derived from linear regression in order to eliminate the variance of year of birth on height. After the elimination of the cohort effect, five height classes were designated using centiles: very short, short, medium, tall and very tall. The differences between sexes and among classes were evaluated with two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s test. The effect size was assessed using partial eta squared (η2). Pearson’s r coefficients of correlation were calculated. The effect of sex on lifespan was nearly 17 times stronger than the effect of height. No correlation between height and lifespan was found. In conclusion, these findings do not support the hypothesis that taller people have a longevity advantage. We offer tentative explanations for the obtained results.","PeriodicalId":39218,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44582363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}