International Journal of Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork: Research, Education, and Practice最新文献

{"title":"A Survey of Canadian Massage Therapists Experiences of Work-Related Pain.","authors":"Wray Barraclough,&nbsp;Amanda Baskwill,&nbsp;Colin Higgs,&nbsp;Stacey Neilson,&nbsp;Debbie Wilcox","doi":"10.3822/ijtmb.v15i3.717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3822/ijtmb.v15i3.717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An investigation into the work-related pain (WRP) experienced by Massage Therapists (MTs) in Ontario, Canada was undertaken using voluntary completion of an online questionnaire following broad distribution of requests to take part in this study. Data from respondents were included for analysis if they provided informed consent and were a currently or previously registered MT in the region. With voluntary participation, self-selection respondent bias must be considered in evaluating reported results. Valid questionnaires (n=1103) were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Massage therapists ranged in age from 20 to 73 years, and 85% of respondents were female. The overwhelming majority (85%) of MTs had experienced, or were experiencing, WRP at one or more of five pre-identified, primary locations with the hand/wrist, the most common site (65.5%); followed by the fingers/thumb (60.3%), shoulder (55.0%), lower back (50.1%), and neck (49.2%). Females were significantly more likely to report neck and shoulder pain than males, and were significantly more likely to report WRP at a higher number of body locations, with approximately one in five female MTs reporting WRP at all (5) primary sites. On a 10-point pain-severity scale, females reported significantly higher perceived pain than males. Work-related pain was attributed to the gradual onset of musculoskeletal conditions by 60.3% of respondents, with no other choice of cause being reported by more than 11.1%. There was clear indication of WRP impacting the lives of MTs, with 48% reporting an impact on activities of daily living, 31% reporting a loss of income, 54.6% working in pain, and 30.5% considering changing (or having changed) their profession. Various work adjustments to WRP were reported, including altered biomechanics and greater rest between patient treatments. The reported data suggested that WRP was a limiting factor for MTs' work capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":39090,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork: Research, Education, and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/80/17/ijtmb-15-18.PMC9401083.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40349487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report on Visceral Manipulation in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.","authors":"Matias Chahab,&nbsp;Pamela Donnet,&nbsp;Daniel Hernandez","doi":"10.3822/ijtmb.v15i3.733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3822/ijtmb.v15i3.733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a deformity that affects the spine in three dimensions. Even though AIS patients are usually asymptomatic, AIS negatively impacts them, affecting their quality of life and restricting their social life. There are many treatment options but no gold standard. Visceral manipulation (VM) is widely used in osteopathic practice for the treatment of several conditions, but it is little known among the medical community. To the best of our knowledge, there are no scientific studies reporting VM as a treatment alternative for AIS.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The case was a 14-year-old girl with AIS (baseline Cobb angle of 38.9° in the lumbar spine and 32.3° in the thoracic spine). Although the patient had no physical symptoms, she was recommended for surgery to correct the deformity. The osteopathic assessment indicated that the uterus and pericardium where the main anatomical structures creating tension. Two VM sessions were conducted with a month-and-a-half interval between sessions. The follow-up X-ray revealed a Cobb angle of 32.1° in the lumbar curvature and 34.3° in the thoracic curvature. The results were perceived as an improvement by the patient and her parents. No adverse events or complications were reported.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>After two session of visceral osteopathic treatment, this document reports a 6.8° Cobb angle reduction of the primary curve in a patient with AIS, with the thoracic curvature becoming the major curve.</p>","PeriodicalId":39090,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork: Research, Education, and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/23/2f/ijtmb-15-35.PMC9401085.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40349490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and Massage Therapy Education Impact and Future Implications.","authors":"Becca Torns-Barker,&nbsp;Ann Blair Kennedy","doi":"10.3822/ijtmb.v15i3.761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3822/ijtmb.v15i3.761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Massage therapy education processes, practices, and research are rarely described in the scientific literature, and the Covid-19 pandemic may have caused dramatic shifts in how massage therapists were being educated. To date, findings of the impact of the pandemic pivot on massage therapy education have yet to be reported. This editorial explores the trends in hands-on education of other professions during the pandemic and relates these trends to massage therapy education. Currently, it is unknown how institutions supported massage therapy educators in preparation for the shift to online and hybrid learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":39090,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork: Research, Education, and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f7/87/ijtmb-15-1.PMC9401084.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40349488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing a Common Class of Spontaneous Movements.","authors":"Joel Begin,&nbsp;Luiz Fernando Bertolucci,&nbsp;Dorothea Blostein,&nbsp;Budiman Minasny","doi":"10.3822/ijtmb.v15i3.719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3822/ijtmb.v15i3.719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our aim is to describe a possible class of nonpathological spontaneous movements that has so far received little attention in the scientific literature. These movements arise spontaneously without an underlying pathology such as Huntington's, Parkinson's, cerebral palsy or spinal cord injury. The movements arise in many different contexts including therapeutic, social, religious, and solitary settings. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the movements are related to development and maintenance of form, being part of inherited autoregulatory behaviors and hence bringing an overlooked therapeutic potential. We describe contexts in which they occur, illustrate with case reports, and characterize the movements in terms of their various triggers, movement phenotypes, and conscious and subconscious influences that can occur at both the individual level as well as during collaborative movement relationships between patient and therapist. This description is intended to create a more widespread awareness of the movements, and provide a foundation for future research as to their healing potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":39090,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork: Research, Education, and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e6/e9/ijtmb-15-4.PMC9401082.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40349489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poster Abstracts from the 2022 Massage Therapy Foundation International Massage Therapy Research Conference","authors":"V. Authors","doi":"10.3822/ijtmb.v15i2.747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3822/ijtmb.v15i2.747","url":null,"abstract":"increased heart rate. The patient received Massage Therapy for 30 minutes, 5 times a week, for a total of 29 sessions. Results: Out of 29 sessions: The patient reported pain in the beginning of the session and no pain at the end 26 times (89.7%), All were as per normal practice in the NICU. The Licensed Massage Therapist provided Swedish massage techniques, including hand containment, passive touch, Myofascial, and gentle stroking. Consent for this was a retrospective chart review case study was inferred as parents/guardians sign informed general consent at admis-sion, MTs work directly from a doctor’s order, and patients were cleared for MT prior to treatment by the bedside RN. Results: Of the 14 therapy treatments, 93% of the patients were able to transition from or calm to sleeping, while 7% went from restless to calm. Conclusion: As the of NAS patient care moves to the ESC MT may be a non-pharmacological during Although MT results were more is low-ered as this was not in this retrospective case series. In on the for MT advanta-geous in after","PeriodicalId":39090,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork: Research, Education, and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41907276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Foot Reflexology Protocol on Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms in Nursing Students: a Pre-Post Pilot Study.","authors":"Amanda K S Vieira,&nbsp;Marisa T Nagumo,&nbsp;Gisele Kuba,&nbsp;Leonice F S Kurebayashi,&nbsp;Ruth N T Turrini","doi":"10.3822/ijtmb.v14i4.631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3822/ijtmb.v14i4.631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Premenstrual syndrome is a highly prevalent cyclical disorder among women of childbearing age which interferes with daily activities, mood, and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effects of a foot reflexology protocol on relieving premenstrual syndrome symptoms in nursing students.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Nursing School, São Paulo University, Brazil.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A convenience sample of 17 nursing students, diagnosed with moderate-to-severe premenstrual syndrome as assessed by the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST).</p><p><strong>Research design: </strong>A pre-post pilot intervention study.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>The intervention consisted of eight reflexology sessions lasting 30 minutes for eight weeks.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Evaluation of the participants by the PSST applied at the beginning and at the end of the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants had an average age of 21.7 (±2.6) years, ranging from 19 to 28 years; all were single, and most were in the third year of the course (58.8%); 75.6% lived with their family; 82.4% do not use contraceptives; 64.7% reported regular menstrual flow with an average duration of 5.1 (±1.1) days, and an average menstrual cycle interval of 29.3 (±4.9) days. The intervention significantly reduced the premenstrual symptoms assessed by the PSST (<i>p</i><.017) with a pre-post difference of 10.2 points in the overall score, and the items score decreased between 1.2 to 3.4 for difficulty concentrating, insomnia, hypersomnia, feeling overwhelmed, muscle/ joint pain, bloating, weight gain; and between 3.5 to 5.2 to anger/irritability, anxiety/ tension, tearful, depressed mood, decreased interest in daily activities, fatigue, overeating, and breast tenderness. There was a significant decrease regarding the functional impact of premenstrual symptoms domain in the overall score with a pre-post difference of 10.7, and between 1.7 and 3.0 for all of the items (<i>p</i><.04), except for the item \"your home responsibilities\".</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Foot reflexology has shown promising results in reducing premenstrual syndrome symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":39090,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork: Research, Education, and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8629353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39719563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Massage Therapy on a Patient with Migraines and Cervical Spondylosis: a Case Report.","authors":"Sarah Rostron","doi":"10.3822/ijtmb.v14i3.629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3822/ijtmb.v14i3.629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Migraines involve moderate-to-severe neck and face pain that lasts four to 72 hours, and are followed by fatigue and stiffness. Migraines are treated using medications, massage therapy (MT), and non-pharmacological alternatives. Cervical spondylosis (CS) is characterized by degeneration of the intervertebral discs, neck pain, and involvement of soft tissues in the cervical area. CS is treated using medications and manual therapy, including MT.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the effects of MT on cervical range of motion and daily function in a patient with migraines and CS.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The patient was an active 56-year-old female diagnosed with migraines and CS. Initial evaluation included cervical range of motion (ROM), goniometry, reflexes, myotomes, dermatomes, local sensation testing and orthopedic tests. Assessment was followed by five MT treatments. Swedish massage, myofascial trigger point release, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching were applied to the back, neck, head, and face. The Headache Disability Index (HDI) was administered on the initial and final visits to evaluate patient function. Cervical ROM was measured pre- and posttreatment using a universal goniometer. Treatment was conducted by a second-year MT student at the MacEwan Massage Therapy Teaching Clinic in Edmonton, Alberta.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All cervical ranges of motion improved. The Headache Disability Index score decreased, but was not considered significant. The patient reported decreased stiffness in the upper back and shoulders, reduced migraines, and better sleeping patterns after the MT intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MT was effective in increasing cervical ROM, but had no significant effect on daily function. Further research is warranted on effects of MT on CS and migraines.</p>","PeriodicalId":39090,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork: Research, Education, and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8362828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39385590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Oketani Breast Massage on Successful Breastfeeding, Mothers' Need for Breastfeeding Support, and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy: an Experimental Study.","authors":"Maryam Mahdizadeh-Shahri,&nbsp;Manijeh Nourian,&nbsp;Maryam Varzeshnejad,&nbsp;Maliheh Nasiri","doi":"10.3822/ijtmb.v14i3.625","DOIUrl":"10.3822/ijtmb.v14i3.625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The negative effects of cesarean section on breastfeeding are a major global concern.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to determine the effect of Oketani breast massage on the maternal need for support during breastfeeding, breastfeeding success, and breastfeeding self-efficacy.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Three hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran, from April to July 2019.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>The participants in this experimental study were 113 pregnant women who were candidates for cesarean section. The mothers were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned. In addition to routine care, the mothers in the intervention group received Oketani breast massages twice. However, the mothers in the control group received routine care. The data were collected using the Infant Breastfeeding Assessment Tool (IBFAT), LATCH Assessment Score, and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES). The data were analyzed with SPSS 20 software via the independent samples <i>t</i> test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the study suggested that the breastfeeding success rate, which was evaluated with IBFAT in both the first two breastfeeding stages and the last pre-discharge breastfeeding, was significantly higher for the mothers in the intervention group (<i>p</i> < .001). In addition, the mother's need for support, which was evaluated with LATCH in the first two breastfeeding stages (<i>p</i> = .044) and the last pre-discharge breastfeeding (<i>p</i> < .001) in the intervention group, was less. The total number of breastfeeding sessions from birth to discharge was higher in the intervention group (<i>p</i> = .002). Furthermore, the mothers in the intervention group breastfed their infants in a significantly shorter time interval (<i>p</i> = .002). Breastfeeding self-efficacy, according to the BSES, was significantly higher in the mothers of the intervention group (<i>p</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Oketani massage can be used as a care intervention by nurses to improve breastfeeding in mothers who undergo cesarean sections.</p>","PeriodicalId":39090,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork: Research, Education, and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8362827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39385589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of Chair Massage on Stress and Pain in Oncology.","authors":"Talita Pavarini Borges de Souza,&nbsp;Leonice Fumiko Sato Kurebayashi,&nbsp;Juliana Nery de Souza-Talarico,&nbsp;Ruth Natalia Teresa Turrini","doi":"10.3822/ijtmb.v14i3.619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3822/ijtmb.v14i3.619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a high prevalence of moderate-to-high levels of chronic stress among nurses, as well as an occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of chair massage to reduce chronic stress and musculoskeletal pain in the Oncology Nursing team.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Two teaching cancer hospitals, one public and the other private, in São Paulo city, Brazil.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 60 women from the Oncology Nursing team.</p><p><strong>Research design: </strong>A randomized controlled trial divided into two groups: chair massage and control without intervention.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>The massage group received two chair massage sessions lasting 15 minutes, twice a week, for three weeks.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Reduction of stress and pain measured by the List of Signs and Symptoms (LSS) and the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age was 32 (± 5.3) years. There was a reduction of stress measured by the LSS with a statistical difference in the group-time interaction (<i>p</i> < .001), with a Cohen's <i>d</i> value of 1.21 between groups. The BPI analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the group-time interaction for general activity (<i>p</i> < .008), mood (<i>p</i> < .03), work (<i>p</i> < .000), and sleep (<i>p</i> = .03), with reduced pain interference in these components.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chair massage reduced stress and pain interference in the team's daily life activities, bringing a positive impact in the context of work stress and pain in Oncology nursing professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":39090,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork: Research, Education, and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8362824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39385592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Ice Massage to Head and Spine on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Hypertension: a Pilot Study.","authors":"A Mooventhan,&nbsp;Sneha Bharti,&nbsp;L Nivethitha,&nbsp;N K Manjunath","doi":"10.3822/ijtmb.v14i3.573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3822/ijtmb.v14i3.573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ice massage is one of the common hydrotherapeutic procedures. The current study is first of its kind, conducted to evaluate the effect of ice massage to head and spine on blood pressure and heart rate variability in patients with hypertension.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifteen hypertensive subjects with the mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 48.87 ± 11.17 yrs were recruited and underwent only one session of ice massage to head and spine for 20 min. Blood pressure and heart rate variability were assessed before and immediately after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results of this study showed a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (<i>p</i> = <.001), diastolic blood pressure (<i>p</i> < .001) and heart rate (<i>p</i> = .012), and a significant increase in R-R Interval (the intervals between adjacent R waves in the electro cardiogram) (<i>p</i> = .001) in the post-test assessments compared to its respective pre-test assessments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results suggest that 20 min of ice massage to head and spine may reduce blood pressure and heart rate in patients with hypertension. However, there is no evidence that this provides any significant clinical impact for the patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":39090,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork: Research, Education, and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8362826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39385591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}