{"title":"Author’s Response: Beyond Application","authors":"Ben Sweeting","doi":"10.1142/9789813226265_0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813226265_0043","url":null,"abstract":"I wish to thank all commentators for their stimulating contributions. The first thing to note in response to these seven commentaries is the range of ground they cover, indicating the wide potential of the relation between cybernetics and design research to inform both fields. It is significant that many of the aspects raised by commenters are focused on core topics of cybernetic research: computing technology (Mateus van Stralen; Christiane Herr); cognition (Andrea Jelic); and, broadly, the relationship between research/theory and action/practice, which is a focus of Herr and Michael Hohl, and underlies the concerns of Jose Cabral, Dai Griffiths and Tom Scholte. As Karl Muller (2010) has noted, there is a need to focus on core topics in order to reinforce the coherence of radical constructivism (RC) and second-order cybernetics (SOC) as a research field. Muller’s remarks could be taken as a call for a turn away from topics such as design that have been prominent in recent cybernetics. These commentaries, and the research to which they point, suggest that design may instead offer a focus in which a number of such core issues can be explored.","PeriodicalId":39075,"journal":{"name":"Constructivist Foundations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/9789813226265_0043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64057334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cybernetics, Reflexivity and Second-Order Science","authors":"L. Kauffman","doi":"10.1142/9789813226265_0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813226265_0011","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Second-order cybernetics and its implications have been understood within the cybernetics community for some time. These implications are important for understanding the structure of …","PeriodicalId":39075,"journal":{"name":"Constructivist Foundations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/9789813226265_0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64056482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mapping the Varieties of Second-Order Cybernetics","authors":"K. Müller, A. Riegler","doi":"10.1142/9789813226265_0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813226265_0002","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Although second-order cybernetics was proposed as a new way of cybernetic investigations around 1970, its general status and its modus operandi are still far from obvious. Problem: We want…","PeriodicalId":39075,"journal":{"name":"Constructivist Foundations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/9789813226265_0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64056518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Author's Response Struggling to define an Identity for Second- Order Cybernetics","authors":"S. Umpleby","doi":"10.1142/9789813226265_0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813226265_0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39075,"journal":{"name":"Constructivist Foundations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/9789813226265_0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64056460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Second-Order Cybernetics as a Fundamental Revolution in Science","authors":"S. Umpleby","doi":"10.1142/9789813226265_0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813226265_0003","url":null,"abstract":"> Context • The term “second-order cybernetics” was introduced by von Foerster in 1974 as the “cybernetics of observing systems,” both the act of observing systems and systems that observe. Since then, the term has been used by many authors in articles and books and has been the subject of many conference panels and symposia. > Problem • The term is still not widely known outside the fields of cybernetics and systems science and the importance and implications of the work associated with second-order cybernetics is not yet widely discussed. I claim that the transition from (first-order) cybernetics to second-order cybernetics is a fundamental scientific revolution that is not restricted to cybernetics or systems science. Second-order cybernetics can be regarded as a scientific revolution for the general methodology of science and for many disciplines as well. > Method • I first review the history of cybernetics and second-order cybernetics. Then I analyze the major contents of von Foerster’s fundamental revolution in science and present it as a general model for an alternative methodology of science. Subsequently, I present an example of practicing second-order socio-cybernetics from within. I describe some consequences of doing science from within, and I suggest some new horizons for second-order cybernetics. > Results • Second-order cybernetics leads to a new foundation for conducting science and offers important contributions for a new way of organizing science. It expands the conception of science so that it can more adequately deal with living systems. > Implications • Second-order cybernetics extends the traditional scientific approach by bringing scientists within the domain of what is described and analyzed. It provides models of research processes for when the scientist is within the system being studied. In this way it offers a new foundation for research in the social sciences, in management science, and in other fields such as the environmental sciences or the life sciences. >","PeriodicalId":39075,"journal":{"name":"Constructivist Foundations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/9789813226265_0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64056624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Author’s Response: Phenomenology of the System: Intentionality, Differences, Understanding, and the Unity of Consciousness","authors":"D. Gasparyan","doi":"10.1142/9789813226265_0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813226265_0034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39075,"journal":{"name":"Constructivist Foundations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/9789813226265_0034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64056897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Author’s Response: On Becoming and Being a Cybernetician","authors":"B. Scott","doi":"10.1142/9789813226265_0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813226265_0025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39075,"journal":{"name":"Constructivist Foundations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/9789813226265_0025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64056888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Consciousness as Self-Description in Differences","authors":"D. Gasparyan","doi":"10.1142/9789813226265_0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813226265_0026","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Contemporary philosophy of consciousness has not yet come up with an acceptable theory of consciousness. Philosophers are still not able to reach agreement, and have come to a deadlock, …","PeriodicalId":39075,"journal":{"name":"Constructivist Foundations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/9789813226265_0026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64056947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Author’s Response: “Playing With Dynamics”: Procedures and Possibilities for a Theatre of Cybernetics","authors":"T. Scholte","doi":"10.1142/9789813226265_0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813226265_0052","url":null,"abstract":"Upshot: Operational concepts underpinning a proposed cybersemiotic theatrical laboratory are further refined while questions regarding its experimental orientation remain.","PeriodicalId":39075,"journal":{"name":"Constructivist Foundations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/9789813226265_0052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64057408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"author's Response distinction, eigenform and the epistemology of the Imagination","authors":"L. Kauffman","doi":"10.1142/9789813226265_0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813226265_0016","url":null,"abstract":"Upshot: Eigenform is a precondition for distinction and distinction is a precondition for eigenform. While my target article discussed eigenform and reflexivity, it could just as well have …","PeriodicalId":39075,"journal":{"name":"Constructivist Foundations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/9789813226265_0016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64056636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}