Synchrotron Radiation News最新文献

{"title":"Machine Learning","authors":"Kanta Ono","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2022.2114736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2022.2114736","url":null,"abstract":"W ith recent advances in machine learning technology, data-driven research is beginning to permeate natural science and engineering fields. Synchrotron radiation science is also expected to benefit significantly from machine learning. The progress of these studies will make it possible to observe materials that could not be observed in the past or to perform synchrotron radiation measurements and detailed data analysis much more efficiently than before, leading to more effective use of limited beamtime. In addition, machine learning has the potential to bring about advanced and more efficient research through software without the need for major hardware upgrades at synchrotron radiation facilities. The encounter between machine learning and materials science has opened up a new academic field called materials informatics. Especially in the last decades, the progress has been remarkable, and the concept of informatics has been incorporated into all areas of materials science, from material design and material synthesis to measurement and analysis. The rise of materials informatics was due to advances in information science in terms of both hardware and software; namely, the dramatic development of computing power and artificial intelligence technologies such as machine learning, which have made it possible to handle large volumes of complex data that were difficult to handle in the past. In addition, it is now possible to extract useful information and new knowledge from the data, bringing about changes in various fields. Furthermore, machine learning technology has become much easier than in the past, thanks not only to simple programming languages such as Python but also to open source platforms on which an ecosystem for data analysis has been built. Taking synchrotron radiation experiments as an example, the measurement space to be explored in experiments is extremely wide. In order to extract knowledge from complex data analysis, it is necessary to efficiently search a high-dimensional search space consisting of an enormous number of parameters to find the optimal solution. Parameter search in such a highdimensional space, which skilled experts conventionally conduct based on tacit knowledge such as intuition and experience, poses problems such as bottlenecks to automation, human bias, and poor reproducibility, and requires a new research methodology that will fundamentally change conventional research methods. The wide range of new developments in the combination of synchrotron radiation and machine learning discussed in this special issue will extend synchrotron radiation experiments to more advanced measurements, bring about more efficient and automated synchrotron radiation experiments, and increase the amount of information obtained from these experiments. We hope these efforts will contribute significantly to further developing and revitalizing the synchrotron radiation community and opening up new research fields. n Kanta Ono Guest Edit","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":" ","pages":"2 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46673263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Layout and Endstation Concept for the Enhanced Liquid Interface Spectroscopy and Analysis (ELISA) Beamline at BESSY-II","authors":"S. Vadilonga, P. Dumas, U. Schade, K. Holldack, K. Hinrichs, G. Reichardt, T. Gerber, Antje Vollmer, J. Hofmann, Holger Oertel, B. Rech, R. Schlögl, J. Viefhaus, H. Bluhm","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2022.2082213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2022.2082213","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid-vapor and liquid-solid interfaces drive numerous important processes in the environment and technology, such as the sequestra-tion of CO 2 by the oceans, the uptake and release of trace gases by aerosol droplets, the corrosion of metals, and reactions in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices. Our understanding of the physical and chemical properties of liquid interfaces under realistic en-vironmental and operating conditions on the molecular scale still falls short of what has been achieved for solid-vapor interfaces over the past decades. This limitation hampers the development of, e.g., more precise climate models and electrochemical devices with increased efficiency. The main reason for this situation is the often greater difficulty in (1) the preparation of liquid interfaces (compared to solids) with controlled properties and (2) their investigation with high interface specificity under realistic conditions. This is partly due to the spatial fluctuations in the position of the interface and the fast diffusion from the interface into the bulk and vice versa (liquid-vapor), as well as","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"35 1","pages":"67 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49398463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Developments in APXPS at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility","authors":"Hui Zhang, Xiaobao Li, Yi Yu, Zhi Liu","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2022.2082178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2022.2082178","url":null,"abstract":"After 50 years of effort, near-ambient or ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS or APXPS) has become a useful tool for studying gas and liquid molecules in environmental science The developments of new-generation synchrotron radiation in recent decades—e.g., more brilliant light, tighter spot size, and well-controlled polarization—have further improved the quality of APXPS studies and enabled their applications in various fields, especially in ca-talysis and material science. Currently, there are more than 20 APXPS endstations built in synchrotron radiation facilities worldwide. In the near future, some APXPS endstations will be upgraded or have been proposed for upgrades, while a few new ones are under construction. This success of APXPS is realized not by the sole improvement of instrumentation, but also through interactions between the desire to explore new scientific phenomena and advanced techniques. Tender X-ray APXPS is a good example of how scientific desire to study the electrochemical liquid-solid interfaces has driven the development of experimental tools.","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"35 1","pages":"26 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42247608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Berlin Joint Lab for Electrochemical Interfaces, BElChem: A Facility for In-situ and Operando NAP-XPS and NAP-HAXPES Studies of Electrochemical Interfaces at BESSY II","authors":"D. Starr, M. Hävecker, A. Knop‐Gericke, M. Favaro, S. Vadilonga, M. Mertin, G. Reichardt, J. Schmidt, F. Siewert, R. Schulz, J. Viefhaus, C. Jung, R. van de Krol","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2022.2082209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2022.2082209","url":null,"abstract":"Vol. 35, No. 3, 2022, Synchrotron radiation newS Technical RepoRT The Berlin Joint Lab for Electrochemical Interfaces, BElChem: A Facility for In-situ and Operando NAP-XPS and NAP-HAXPES Studies of Electrochemical Interfaces at BESSY II DaviD E. Starr,1 MichaEl hävEckEr,2,3 axEl knop-GErickE,2,3 Marco Favaro,1 SiMonE vaDilonGa,1 MarcEl MErtin,1 GErD rEicharDt,1 Jan-SiMon SchMiDt,1 Frank SiEwErt,1 robErt Schulz,1 JEnS viEFhauS,1 chriStian JunG,1 anD roEl van DE krol1 1Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany 2Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany 3Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Mülheim, Germany Introduction The Berlin Joint Lab for Electrochemical Interfaces (BElChem) is located at the BESSY II synchrotron in Berlin, Germany, and co-run by the Fritz-Haber-Institut, the Max-Planck-Institut of Chemical Energy Conversion and the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin. BElChem focuses on providing a molecular-level description of (photo)electrochemical interfaces that are of high relevance for solar fuel production and renewable energy storage. The CO 2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are of particular current interest. In BElChem, near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) and near-ambient pressure hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-HAXPES) will be used for the in-situ and operando interrogation of the electronic structure and chemical composition of catalytically active solid/gas and solid/liquid interfaces. BElChem will also enable heterogeneous catalytic reactions, such as oxidation and hydrogenation reactions, to be investigated. The BElChem facility consists of two beamlines with two endstations in two separate hutches and an additional sample preparation/ chemical lab. One beamline, the undulator beamline U49/2 PGM (plane grating monochromator), covers the soft X-ray energy range, whereas the other dipole magnet sourced beamline, BElChem-DCM, with a double crystal monochromator (DCM), covers the tender X-ray energy range. Combined, the BElChem beamlines cover a photon energy range nominally from 90 eV to 10 keV. Each endstation has its own electron spectrometer. The endstation frame is composed of two separate parts. On one part, the electron spectrometer is mounted and, on the other, the analysis chamber is mounted. This allows the easy exchange of experimental modules and the ability for users of BElChem to provide tailor-made modules targeting the sample environment relevant for their in-situ or operando measurement. The BElChem facility provides the opportunity to study electrochemical interfaces with two general approaches. Due to the high surface sensitivity and short mean free paths of low kinetic energy photoelectrons generated with soft X-rays, a suitable method to explore the electrode/electrolyte interface with XPS during a (photo)electrochemical reaction is needed. At BElChem, these types of measurem","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"35 1","pages":"54 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42696051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Versatile Soft X-Ray (VerSoX) Beamline at Diamond Light Source","authors":"D. Grinter, F. Venturini, P. Ferrer, M. V. van Spronsen, Rosa Arrigo, W. Quevedo Garzon, Kanak Roy, A. Large, Santosh Kumar, Georg Held","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2022.2082181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2022.2082181","url":null,"abstract":"39 Technical RepoRT The Versatile Soft X-ray (VerSoX) Beamline at Diamond Light Source DaviD C. Grinter,1 FeDeriCa venturini,1 Pilar Ferrer,1 Matthijs a. van sPronsen,1 rosa arriGo,1,2 Wilson QueveDo Garzon,1,3 KanaK roy,1 alexanDer i. larGe,1 santosh KuMar,1 anD GeorG helD1 1Diamond Light Source Ltd, Oxfordshire, UK 2School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, UK 3Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany Georg Held georg.held@diamond.ac.uk","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"35 1","pages":"39 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43257867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient Pressure X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy at the IOS (23-ID-2) Beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source II","authors":"I. Waluyo, A. Hunt","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2022.2082180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2022.2082180","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Studying energy materials under realistic operating conditions is necessary to reveal chemical and electronic properties as well as fundamental processes that determine the functional properties of the materials. This has been the driving force for the development of various in-situ and operando experimental techniques. Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) has emerged as one of the most powerful tools for the in-situ investigation of the surfaces and interfaces of such energy materials, on which the critical surface processes and reactions occur, thanks to its inherent surface sensitivity, elemental specificity, and sensitivity to different chemical environments. The ability to perform AP-XPS experiments at pressures ranging from the typical tens of millibars to a few bars [1] has enabled scientists to close the so-called “pressure gap” between real industrial processes and surface science experiments typically performed under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. As a result, AP-XPS instruments have proliferated around the world in the past two decades, starting at synchrotron light sources, followed by lab-based instruments [2]. As one of the newest and brightest synchrotron light sources in the world, the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Of Science user facility located at DOE’s Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), offers new and exciting opportunities for energy research using in-situ and operando X-ray techniques, including AP-XPS [3]. The In situ and Operando Soft Xray Spectroscopy beamline (IOS, 23-ID-2) [4], formerly called CSX2, was part of the first group of beamlines to open to general users at NSLS-II, where the AP-XPS user program has been thriving since 2016. In this technical report, we present a description of the current state of the IOS beamline and AP-XPS endstation, examples of recent scientific highlights, as well as an overview of future developments.","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"35 1","pages":"31 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43464996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sixteenth International Conference on Surface X-Ray and Neutron Scattering (SXNS16)","authors":"Thomas Arnold, A. Terry, E. Blackburn, U. Hejral, Zsuzsa Heyels, Andrew R. McCluskey, T. Nylander, Max Wolff","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2022.2082218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2022.2082218","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"35 1","pages":"73 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47756572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Experimental Platform for Operando Structural and Chemical Characterization at the ALS","authors":"H. Kersell, S. Dhuey, D. Kumar, S. Nemšák","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2022.2082211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2022.2082211","url":null,"abstract":"61 Technical RepoRT A New Experimental Platform for Operando Structural and Chemical Characterization at the ALS H. Kersell,1,2 s. DHuey,3 D. Kumar,4 anD s. nemsaK1 1Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA 2School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA 3Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA 4Center for Advanced Mathematics for Energy Research Applications, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"35 1","pages":"61 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42253757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Materials Science Research by Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Systems at Synchrotron Radiation Facilities in Japan: Applications in Energy, Catalysis, and Sensors","authors":"Susumu Yamamoto, Y. Takagi, T. Koitaya, R. Toyoshima, M. Horio, I. Matsuda, H. Kondoh, T. Yokoyama, J. Yoshinobu","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2022.2082168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2022.2082168","url":null,"abstract":"19 Technical RepoRT Materials Science Research by Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Systems at Synchrotron Radiation Facilities in Japan: Applications in Energy, Catalysis, and Sensors SuSumu Yamamoto,1,2 YaSumaSa takagi,3 takanori koitaYa,4 rYo toYoShima,5 maSafumi horio,6 iwao matSuda,6 hiroShi kondoh,5 toShihiko YokoYama,4 and Jun YoShinobu5 1International Center for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan 2Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan 3Center for Synchotron Radiation Research, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan 4Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Aichi, Japan 5Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan 6The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"35 1","pages":"19 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48797297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operando X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy for High-Pressure Catalysis Research Using the POLARIS Endstation","authors":"David Degerman, P. Amann, Christopher M. Goodwin, P. Lömker, Hsin‐Yi Wang, M. Soldemo, M. Shipilin, C. Schlueter, Anders Nilsson","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2022.2078580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2022.2078580","url":null,"abstract":"11 Technical RepoRT Operando X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy for High-Pressure Catalysis Research Using the POLARIS Endstation DaviD Degerman,1 Peter amann,1,2 ChristoPher m. gooDwin,1 PatriCk Lömker,1,3 hsin-Yi wang,1,4 markus soLDemo,5 mikhaiL shiPiLin,1 ChristoPh sChLueter,3 anD anDers niLsson1 1Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden 2Scienta Omicron AB, Uppsala, Sweden 3Photon Science, Deutches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany 4Enerpoly AB, Stockholm, Sweden 5PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA David Degerman david.degerman@fysik.su.se","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"35 1","pages":"11 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44033229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}