Synchrotron Radiation News最新文献

{"title":"The X-ray Focusing System at the Time-Resolved AMO Instrument","authors":"M. Seaberg, L. Lee, D. Morton, Xinxin Cheng, J. Cryan, G. I. Curiel, Brendan Dix, T. Driver, Kay Fox, C. Hardin, A. Kamalov, Kenan Li, Xiang Li, Ming-Fu Lin, Yanwei Liu, T. Montagne, R. Obaid, A. Sakdinawat, P. Stefan, Randy A. Whitney, Thomas Wolf, Lin Zhang, D. Fritz, P. Walter, D. Cocco, M. L. Ng","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2022.2066416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2022.2066416","url":null,"abstract":"Vol. 35, No. 2, 2022, Synchrotron radiation newS Technical RepoRT The X-ray Focusing System at the Time-Resolved AMO Instrument Matthew Seaberg,1 Lance Lee,1 DanieL Morton,1 XinXin cheng,1 JaMeS cryan,1,2 gregorio ivan curieL,1 brenDan DiX,1 taran Driver,1 Kay FoX,1 corey harDin,1 anDrei KaMaLov,1 Kenan Li,1 Xiang Li,1 Ming-Fu Lin,1 yanwei Liu,1 tiM Montagne,1 razib obaiD,1 anne SaKDinawat,1 Peter SteFan,1 ranDy whitney,1 thoMaS woLF,1,2 Lin zhang,1 DaviD Fritz,1 Peter waLter,1 DanieLe cocco,3 anD May Ling ng1 1SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA 2Stanford PULSE Institute, Menlo Park, California, USA 3Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"35 1","pages":"20 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48667186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hard X-Ray Hartmann Wavefront Sensor for Beamline Optimization","authors":"O. de la Rochefoucauld, P. Cook, G. Dovillaire, F. Harms, Lei Huang, M. Idir, N. Kujala, M. Piponnier","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2022.2058303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2022.2058303","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Fourth generation synchrotrons and X-ray free-electron lasers (XFEL) are facilities offering diffraction-limited X-ray beams to a very wide community of users pushing the limits of the science of X-ray-matter interaction. The impacted scientific domain includes life science, biology, chemistry, planetology, solid-state physics, and many others relevant to fundamentals and societal applications. The outstanding beam properties of these new emerging X-ray sources allow scientists to use new experimental techniques such as multi-photon processes and X-ray nonlinear atomic physics, creation of warm dense matter and hot plasma, coherent diffraction imaging and holography, and the study of ultrafast processes. However, these outstanding beams require strong development of X-ray optics and are pushing the demand for versatile and fast at-wavelength metrology. Several technologies have been tested for performing at-wavelength metrology directly on the beamline [1–4]. Hartmann Xray wavefront sensors (HWS) have been used for extreme wavefront precision metrology for today’s most advanced scientific research. HWS can be used to provide real-time measurement of the optical quality of a complex beamline at strategic positions, such as after the monochromator or after any complex optical system. Wavefront aberrations, misalignment of the different optical components, and fluctuations of the position of a focal point can be quantified and characterized. In this article, we will report about measurements of beam qualities at two end-stations, one from fourth generation synchrotrons (ESRF) and one on free electron lasers (European XFEL) [5]. These studies demonstrate the versatility of a compact X-ray Hartmann wavefront sensor, allowing the ability to automatically align focusing X-ray optics such as a compound refractive lens, and to control active optics for optimizing the focal spot.","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"35 1","pages":"3 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46148801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESRF Prepares New User Access Modes","authors":"J. McCarthy, H. Reichert","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2022.2064150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2022.2064150","url":null,"abstract":"In August 2020, the ESRF—the European Synchrotron, in Grenoble, France—launched its new Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS), a first-of-a-kind, fourth-generation synchrotron, delivering high-energy X-ray beams with unprecedented brightness and coherence, and providing researchers with new opportunities in imaging condensed and living matter down to the nanometric scale. With high demand from the research community for this advanced new instrument offering faster, shorter, higher-quality experiments, the ESRF is pioneering an innovative new way to access its cutting-edge beamlines, grouping experiments along strategic themes to increase scientific impact on societal challenges such as health, energy, new materials and cultural heritage, and enabling more scientists to benefit from the unique capabilities offered by the new source. With support from the European Commission H2020-funded STREAMLINE grant, the ESRF is preparing the implementation of innovative new user access modes based on “community access,” grouping together researchers using similar analytical techniques or working on strategic scientific topics addressing significant societal challenges, such as energy and health. Instead of submitting individual proposals per project, the group submits a single combined proposal for a regular allocation of beam time over two or three years, with members sharing the experiment time granted in a flexible way. Pilot projects for new access modes were launched in 2021, and include block allocation groups, or BAGs, with a science-driven BAG for structural studies of historical and cultural materials as well as a technique-driven BAG for the physics of materials under rapid and extreme loading. The third pilot project entails the creation of a research “hub,” of which a battery hub for research on electrical energy storage devices is the first example. The pilot projects are test beds for the development of models for the governance, criteria for selection, and tools for reporting on these new types of community access proposals.","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"35 1","pages":"52 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44586340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reshaping the World of Research through Remote Experimentation: How the Pandemic Steered User Research Facilities on an Unexpected Journey of Adaptation","authors":"R. Laasch","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2022.2043666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2022.2043666","url":null,"abstract":"We all remember the impact of stay-at-home orders on our everyday lives in spring 2020. However, it was not only restaurants, salons, flower shops, and bookstores that had to close their doors. National user research facilities shut down most operations, closing the doors to thousands of visiting scientists, and bringing research on new batteries, pharmaceutical drugs, and many other materials to a grinding halt at a time when these facilities were needed more than ever. So, seven user research facilities (Figure 1) decided to form a team of experts, the Remote Access Working Group (RAWG), to figure out how these facilities could keep the science going even when the researchers could not access them in person. The solution is as simple as it is difficult. Research facilities that serve visiting researchers have to create an environment in which experiments can be run from afar—with nearly no human interaction. Scientists have dubbed this new way of doing research remote experimentation. While each facility started the unexpected journey to remote experimentation on their own, the RAWG has brought all of the different ideas together to help each facility overcome the numerous challenges encountered along the way.","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":" ","pages":"3 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47493293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SESAME Gets Soft X-Ray Beamline HESEB","authors":"W. Drube, M. Genişel, A. Lausi","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2022.2043710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2022.2043710","url":null,"abstract":"On January 9, 2022, the installation of HESEB, the Helmholtz-SESAME Beamline for soft X-ray spectroscopies [1], started at SESAME in Jordan. SESAME was officially founded in 2004 as an international research project under the auspices of UNESCO with multilateral cooperation of members of the Middle East (Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Pakistan, Palestine, Turkey). After having first light in November 2017, SESAME opened to users the first two beamlines in 2018, dedicated to spectroscopies in the hard X-ray and infrared region. The first scientific paper obtained by SESAME’s photons was published in 2019. At present, SESAME has three active beamlines: XAFS/XRF, IR, and Material Science [2]. In addition to HESEB, a new BEAmline for X-ray Tomography at SESAME (BEATS), funded under the EU H2020 program, is also under construction. In 2019, five research centers of the German Helmholtz Association—DESY, FZJ, HZB, HZDR and KIT—joined forces to implement a state-of-the-art soft X-ray beamline at SESAME. The HESEB project is generously supported with 3.5 M€ from the Initiative & Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association. HESEB is the first soft X-ray beamline at SESAME and will significantly expand the research capabilities available to the Middle East user community. The project is led by DESY, and the contract for building the beamline was awarded to the FMB-Berlin company. The source is a refurbished BESSY-II UE56 APPLE-II undulator provided by Helmholtz Center Berlin (HZB). The provision of both circularly and linearly polarized light is very suitable for materials science applications, especially for magnetic materials. The plane grating monochromator uses exchangeable gratings to cover a photon energy range from 70 eV to 2000 eV. Figure 1 shows the placing of the monochromator chamber on its support during the installation of the beamline in SESAME. The optical design of HESEB provides two branches in the monochromatic beam for different experimental stations. The day-one instrument, designed and produced by the HESEB project team, allows for X-ray absorption and fluorescence studies. In a special configuration, an X-ray capillary is used to focus the beam further (e.g., for micro-XANES and also to study samples in helium atmosphere, which is suitable for the investigation of delicate items in cultural heritage rvesearch). The commissioning of the beamline and its first end station is expected to occur in early summer 2022. For the second branch, Turkey has approved a project led by the Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency (TENMAK) to implement a Turkish soft X-ray Photo-Electron Spectroscopy (TXPES) end station. n","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"35 1","pages":"22 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47658734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchrotron Techniques for African Research and Technology: A Step-Change in Structural Biology and Energy Materials","authors":"C. Nicklin, Rebekka Stredwick, T. Sewell","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2022.2043684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2022.2043684","url":null,"abstract":"In June 2021, scientists celebrated the numerous achievements of a unique collaboration between researchers from the UK and Africa and the UK’s national synchrotron, Diamond Light Source [1]. The Synchrotron Techniques for African Research and Technology (START) [2] programme was funded by a 3-year, £3.7 M Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) grant provided by the UK Research and Innovation’s Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), with the aim of improving researchers’ access to Diamond. The grant’s remit was to fund research posts focusing on two research areas crucial to African sustainable development: energy materials and structural biology. The aim was to align the project with key United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for health (SDG 3), energy (SDG 7), climate (SDG 13), and life-long learning (SDG 4), amongst others. In this article, we report on highlights of the programme and what’s next on the horizon for START.","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"35 1","pages":"14 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42470696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HEPS Is Standing Out","authors":"Ye Tao","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2022.2043709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2022.2043709","url":null,"abstract":"Nearly 3 years after the groundbreaking ceremony for the High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) in June 2019, the HEPS buildings are standing out in Huairou Science City in Beijing (Figure 1). The design of the HEPS building complex looks like a magnifier with the storage ring as its head and auxiliary buildings as its handle. This is symbolically fitting, as HEPS is designed to enable structural details of matter to be magnified and observed by high energy, high brilliant, and high coherent X-rays. The goal for the emittance of HEPS is less than 60 pm rad. In order for the ground buildings to house the accelerator and beamlines of this 4th-generation 6 GeV machine, earth was evacuated 4 m deep. It was refilled with plain concrete to form a stable slab. The preliminary vibration measurement result of this huge concrete slab has been positive, and the buildings housing the three long beamlines in Phase I are also taking shape. As a result of engineering challenges involving the accelerator components, the storage ring lattice and injector design were modified and frozen. Numerous prototypes were tested, validated, and launched into production. Manufacturing of pre-series components began, including accelerating structure, pulse compressor, magnet girder, RF solid-state amplifier, 166.6 MHz superconducting RF cavity, digital BPM processor, vacuum chambers, photon absorbers, and vacuum instruments. The pre-series manufacturing of magnets is underway for the high-gradient quadrupoles, dipole-quadrupoles, sextupoles, octupoles, and fast correctors. Following the successful validation of pre-series equipment, production of the main series of components for HEPS started. Tremendous progress was made in 2021 on the procurement of the accelerator components for the HEPS’ storage ring, booster, and LINAC (Figure 2). All booster magnets have been completed and 75% of them have been measured. Most types of storage ring magnets have been prototyped and 25% of the sextupoles have been measured. The setup of a Non-Evaporable Getter (NEG) coating for the massive storage ring vacuum chambers has been built, and some NEG coating testing runs are already done (Figure 3). Six types of insertion devices were designed for the Phase I beamlines. The manufacturing of the in-air Insertion Devices (IDs) is nearly done, after assembly and factory acceptance testing, and magnetic tuning was scheduled (at press time) to start soon. The mass production of the in-vacuum IDs, including Cryogenic Permanent Magnet Undulators (CPMUs) and In-Vacuum Undulators (IVUs), is in progress. The prototype 166.6 MHz 260 kW RF solid-state amplifier has Figure 1: The HEPS building complex. The circumference of the largest ring building is around 1500 m. The extension buildings from this ring will contain three long beamlines. Inset is the logo of the HEPS, reflecting its magnifier design.","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"35 1","pages":"20 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44234671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Report on the Third Meeting of the Open Reflectivity Standards Organisation (ORSO)","authors":"T. Arnold, B. Murphy, Andrew R. McCluskey, J. Stahn, Maxmilian Skoda","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2022.2043671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2022.2043671","url":null,"abstract":"The Open Reflectivity Standards Organisation is an international and open effort to improve the scientific techniques of neutron and X-ray reflectometry. It is an open and welcoming collaboration focused on improving international standardization in those techniques. This new collaborative network of scientists was established at an initial meeting at the end of 2019. That meeting created four working groups that concern different aspects of reflectometry: File Formats, Reproducibility, Data Analysis, and Education and Outreach. Despite the global pandemic, ORSO has been steadily building on those foundations. ORSO met for the third time in June 2021 with 120 registered participants from neutron and X-ray largescale facilities and from academia around the world. For the second year running, the meeting was held virtually with sessions accessible to all time zones. The meeting was spread over 5 days but began with two plenary sessions with talks from a range of international experts on reflectometry. On the final day, the meeting was closed with a final plenary session that looked to the future with three talks on the application of Machine Learning or Artificial Intelligence to Reflectometry. In between these sessions, each of the working groups ran a series of sessions covering their own scope, as outlined in the following.","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"35 1","pages":"12 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49323397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equipping Light Sources for the Post-Pandemic World","authors":"Silvana Westbury","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2022.2043667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2022.2043667","url":null,"abstract":"Prior to the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, the exceptional operational constraints that synchrotrons and free-electron lasers (FELs) have been adhering to since March 2020 would have been hard for facility staff teams and external users to imagine. Thousands of scientists who regularly travelled to light sources to conduct experiments on the hundreds of beamlines that exist at facilities around the world were unable to make these vital research trips. Full and partial lockdowns meant that facilities had to operate with greatly reduced numbers of staff on site, while travel restrictions prohibited most external users from conducting their experiments in person. Against this backdrop, synchrotrons and FELs swiftly joined the fight against the SARS-CoV-2 virus by initiating rapid-access programmes for scientists studying the virus and novel new therapies. In doing so, they have been adding significantly to the growing body of knowledge that is supporting the development of effective vaccines and anti-viral drugs [1].","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"35 1","pages":"8 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45370839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unity in Variety","authors":"H. Wagner","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2022.2043656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2022.2043656","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"35 1","pages":"2 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43802925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}