Advances in Ergonomics In Design, Usability and Special Populations: Part I最新文献

{"title":"Ergonomic Studies in Brazil and Portugal in the Operators of Electric Power Control Centers","authors":"M. Melo, L. Bueno","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100778","url":null,"abstract":"The electricity sector has resulted in more sophisticated equipment and requires more attention from operators, bringing the monitor and operating a growing set of equipment. This results in increased workload with emphasis on cognitive and environments more conducive to error. The task of an operator, in the Electric Power Control Centers is very complex and specialized situation. They have the basic item, the prevention of incidents and errors that disrupt the operation of the electrical system, or when this is not possible, they attempt to make the process of returning to normal, which is called recovery. They have to do it by mobilizing knowledge and reasoning for which they received training, which, from the point of view of existing rules, are adequate. However, there are some factors that need to be improved because there are still accidents and incidents caused mainly by fatigue, lack of concentration, or inadequate human-computer interface. The aim of this paper is to evaluate workload and ergonomics aspects on the operators in the electric power control centers and analyze whether there are differences in two countries of different continents Brazil and Portugal.","PeriodicalId":389707,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Ergonomics In Design, Usability and Special Populations: Part I","volume":"05 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130363648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wayfinding Design: An Ergonomic Approach to Signage Systems","authors":"João Neves a b, Fernando Moreira da Silva b","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100771","url":null,"abstract":"Signage systems are closely linked to the security of persons and goods, as well as pressing issues such as ergonomics, accessibility, orientation, and mobility, among others. Signaling traffic, tourism, emergency signaling, railway signaling, air, maritime, etc., well reflect the role of signage/signalization in contributing to the safety and mobility of societies and the social role of design as a methodology or discipline that conceives orientation signs in space – The Signage systems. The potential benefits of information design (more properly signage systems) for social development are also looking for new approaches and methodologies, for research in and by design in an attempt to maximize new solutions that improve the lives of societies. The found solutions at the level of signage systems do not always consider the real needs of multiple users, i.e., at the level of design of these systems lack truly design projects centred on the users and that incorporate real solutions at technical, aesthetic, ergonomic and also inclusive levels. The development of signalling systems, which are considered as spatial information systems, involves the vital function of transmitting information in order to guide and direct certain individuals or groups / classes of individuals. It is a communication process that uses artifacts designed for the transmission of information and guidance clear and unambiguous for Citizens: The wayfinding. Considering wayfinding as the organization and communication of our dynamic relationship with space and environment, we are in the field of an important area for the design, to architecture and ergonomics, which is not only limited to the design of systems, but all that pertains to human interaction with spaces (Arthur; Passini, 1992). Thus, wayfinding design seeks to develop activity in the design of signage systems and of spatial information, which aim to guide and assist the task of accessibility to a particular space or territory. It is understood to be fundamentally a user-centred approach, which favors the ergonomic issues, anthropometric and inclusiveness, making signage systems truly universal or rather, accessible to a majority.","PeriodicalId":389707,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Ergonomics In Design, Usability and Special Populations: Part I","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114419289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of an Optimal Width of a Rear Seat of Sedans","authors":"Aleksandar Zunjic a, Vladimir Lesnikov b","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100828","url":null,"abstract":"A relatively large number of papers have been published on the topic of designing and evaluation of ergonomic convenience of the driver's seat of passenger cars. However, in the scientific and technical literature, it is extremely difficult to find an article that relates to the anthropometric determination of the width of the rear seats of sedans. The primary objective of this article is to consider the possibilities of positioning of passengers with different anthropometric dimensions on the rear seat of sedans. To make this possible, the research was necessary to start with the analysis of the current situation in the global auto industry from the aforementioned aspect. Analytical procedure was initiated by specifying the identical maximal percentiles of persons that can be accommodated on the rear seat of selected models of sedans. An additional, more complex analysis has included different combinations of accommodation of adults and children. Different combinations of 55 human dimensions and the possibilities of their positioning in various types of sedans were considered. This analysis was the basis that enabled the creation of diagrams of comfortable accommodation of passengers, depending on the width of the available space on the rear seat of a sedan.","PeriodicalId":389707,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Ergonomics In Design, Usability and Special Populations: Part I","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123425355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Hazard-Related Perceptions of Virtual Household Package Prototypes","authors":"Hande Ayanoğlua, Emília Duarte c, Paulo Noriega ab, Júlia Teles de, Francisco Rebeloab","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100807","url":null,"abstract":"Many household products have “hidden hazards”. Also, because of package similarity, people may have difficulty distinguishing chemicals from consumable goods. The incorrect identification of a hazard can result in injuries. Many efforts have been done to improve package warnings, but little is known about the extent that the package’s shape can be used to communicate, in an implicit manner, safety-related messages. This study examined the effect of package’s shape on hazard-related perceptions (i.e., hazardousness and awareness of consequences). Participants observed eight virtual package prototypes of household products grouped into four sets according to their original content’s hazard (i.e., nonhazardous vs. hazardous) and familiarity (i.e., familiar vs. unfamiliar). An uncluttered virtual environment was used to display and interact with the prototypes. Results for familiar and unfamiliar packages differed. For familiar cases, hazardous packages were rated as significantly more hazardous and attained higher awareness of consequence than the nonhazardous ones. For unfamiliar cases, no statistically significant differences were found between hazardous and nonhazardous packages. The implications are two-fold. First, the results suggest people can perceive hazard from the package’ shape, but their perceptions are affected by familiarity. Second, the results suggest the simulator based methodology is feasible for this type of study.","PeriodicalId":389707,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Ergonomics In Design, Usability and Special Populations: Part I","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123615313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The State of the Art in Virtual Reality Applied to Digital Games: A Literature Review","authors":"B. Carvalho, M. Soares, André Neves, Gabriel Soares, Anthony Lins","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100811","url":null,"abstract":"The term Virtual Reality (VR) was coined by the artist and computer scientist Jaron Lanier, by which he succeeded in expressing the search for the merger between what is real and what is virtual in the 80s. Based on movies such as Tron, by Steven Lisberger, the concept became known worldwide as a technology for digital games the aim of which was to prompt the user into greater interaction with, immersion in and engagement with the environment and the projected narrative. This study sets out a review the state of the art on the concept of VR used in the universe of digital games, whether in the context of research or entertainment, starting with a re-reading of scientific articles, books and online publications on the subject. In the context of digital games, in the past there was a major difficulty about using equipment such as a helmet with goggles, for ergonomic reasons. Currently, new devices are being enhanced to make their usability better for the user, and there are new applications such as using serious games in support of the fields of education and health and in the future, there will be nanotechnology projects applied to virtualizing reality and overcoming the limitations of the human body within the virtual world.","PeriodicalId":389707,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Ergonomics In Design, Usability and Special Populations: Part I","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130587766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Spectacle-Type Wearable Display Improve Efficiency and Safety? : An Experimental Evaluation of Practical Use","authors":"Takahiro Uchiyama a, Daigoro Yokoyamaa, Yusuke Fukuda b, Miyuki Yagi b, Miwa Nakanishi a","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100816","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we experimentally evaluated the effectiveness of using a spectacle-type wearable display (SWD) to enhance safety and efficiency. Particularly, we aimed to understand whether the use of SWDs instead of small monitors in medicine or aviation will improve task accuracy and efficiency and to what extent. Specifically, we applied an SWD for operating an object while watching an image displayed on the monitor, and we investigated the effect of using SWDs as an alternative to small monitors via simulation experiments. We focused on efficiency and safety, and found that safety improved by 24% and efficiency by 8%–29%. The effectiveness of the SWD is larger in case where the position of the small monitor makes operating the object difficult.","PeriodicalId":389707,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Ergonomics In Design, Usability and Special Populations: Part I","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127731248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Ecological Interface Design for Supporting Cognitive Activity of Nuclear Plant Operators","authors":"A. Anokhin, A. Ivkin","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100773","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes procedure and results of evaluation of the Ecological display for monitoring and control of the drum-separators at the RBMK-type NPP. This task is characterized by heavy cognitive workload and insufficient human-machine interface. Trial operation of the proposed Ecological display has been carried out during four months at the full scope simulator of the Leningrad NPP with participation of six licensed control room operators. Four exercises and three realistic scenarios were used to collect experimental data. After execution of the tasks the participants filled the questionnaire.The results from the trial operation demonstrate that the ecological interface essentially quickens response time and execution of tasks (in more than 80% of all cases). The Ecological display provides operator with efficient feedback which ensures moderate increase of accuracy and smoothness of control actions. It was revealed that the use of the ecological interface four time reduces frequency of errors compared with the use of conventional interface. However, the efficiency of the Ecological display depends on situation. We revealed that the additional logical processing and the additional director pointer are required to prevent operator from delays and too sharp control actions","PeriodicalId":389707,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Ergonomics In Design, Usability and Special Populations: Part I","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130501014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing Threshold for Visual Discrimination of Height in","authors":"Pictorial Human Body","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100809","url":null,"abstract":"Human height is usually determined by objective measures. Taking into account that body height can have perceptual dimensions, it seems interesting to investigate this personal attribute by a more subjective approach. However, for this it would be former necessary to establish the capability to discriminate difference between figures depicturing body heights. Thus, the objective of this study was to establish the smallest perceptible difference whilst judging the similarity between different human figures representing body heights. Methods: 140 pairs of human figures were presented to 37 participants. The differences between human figures varied from 0 (equal) to 6 cm proportionally to the real height. Each participant judged whether the figures were similar or different. Results: The percentage of correct answers increased when the difference between figures increased. This percentage was higher than 70% for differences corresponding to 4 cm or higher of the real height for both genders. Conclusion: Relative difference (sensory threshold) of 4 cm was consistently established for visual discrimination of height in pictorial human body. This sensory threshold can be considered when studies on perceptual body height are conducted in the future.","PeriodicalId":389707,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Ergonomics In Design, Usability and Special Populations: Part I","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133942598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applied Anthropometrics in School Furniture Design: Which Criteria Should be Used for Standardization?","authors":"Ignacio Castellucci a, Pedro Arezes b, Johan Molenbroek c","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100791","url":null,"abstract":"Students most likely have one of the most sedentary occupations, one where permanent habits of sitting are formed. However, there is much more concern regarding office furniture. The mismatch between students and school furniture is likely to result in a number of negative effects, such as uncomfortable body posture, pain, and ultimately, it may also affect the learning process. This situation has provoked an increased concern about school classrooms, particularly regarding the study and design of school furniture. An important milestone is setting standards for school furniture, where a series of furniture sizes are defined with the aim of accommodating students with different anthropometric dimensions. Despite that, and with the exception of Europe, where the development of school furniture standards has been most actively pursued, there is a lack of standardization for the design of classroom furniture for educational settings in many countries. The aim of this study is to describe the process of designing school furniture by considering the students’ anthropometric data. The adopted methodology was to perform a literature review regarding different issues, such as setting standard, the design of school furniture, and equations for defining the mismatch between students and school furniture. There are some activities that need to be done before starting to gather the anthropometric measurements. These activities include, for example, identifying the target population, defining the sample size, determining the anthropometric measures, preparing the evaluation team(s), and obtaining the approval from the ethics committee. During the anthropometric measurements it is important to follow a standard procedure, where the measures are collected from the right side of the subjects while they are sitting in a standard position, without shoes and using light clothes. After collecting the measurements, it is important to check the data by using: observation of mean, minimum and maximum values, as well as the calculation of the different measures (for example: Buttock knee length - Buttock popliteal length), and observation of scatter plot graphics of stature with the other variables. To determine the dimensions and characteristics of different types of school furniture, seat height should be the starting point and the designs need to be based on a bottom-top approach. This dimension will split the sample in, at least, five different sizes of school furniture to accommodate students from 6 to 18 years of age. Some characteristics of the furniture have to also be considered, since the presence of a drawer will influence two important dimensions – the desk height and the seat to desk clearance. Finally, special attention should be given to the needed anthropometric measurement for furniture size selection. This is usually done by using Stature; however, some authors suggest that furniture selection can be done more efficiently if popliteal height is used in","PeriodicalId":389707,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Ergonomics In Design, Usability and Special Populations: Part I","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116330314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual Search in Airport-Security Screening","authors":"Jin Huibina CAI Yaminb HONG Yuanc","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100763","url":null,"abstract":"Security screening is a special visual search process. The quality of the airport-security screeners directly determines the safety of the passengers, and understanding is the premise of improvement, so, it is necessary to learn the visual search details in security screening. Two groups of subjects (screeners’ group and students’ group) were selected to conduct a screening simulation experiment, to test the rationality of the current security principle (from difficult to easy, from complex to simple) and the difference between the two groups. Tobii T120 eye tracker was used to record the eye movements in the process and some parameters were selected to characterize eye movements. The data visually showed that screeners’ accuracy rate was 28.7% higher than students’, and screeners’ experiment time was shorter on average. Moreover, the accuracy of the judgment increases were produced by changes of observers’ experience on airport-security screening, not by changes of the number of the fixation point, and there were significant differences on fixation time percent, saccade distance, judgment accuracy between the two groups. The screeners tended to examine the images systematically according to the principle of screening but the students group preferred to random searching.","PeriodicalId":389707,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Ergonomics In Design, Usability and Special Populations: Part I","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117270018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}