European Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"The Severity of Growth Hormone Deficiency Does Not Predict the Presence or Absence of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities - A Retrospective Review.","authors":"Patria Alba,&nbsp;Sarah Tsai,&nbsp;Naim Mitre","doi":"10.17925/EE.2020.16.1.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EE.2020.16.1.60","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Growth Hormone Research Society recommends that all patients diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) should undergo brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This is still a point of controversy in patients with mild GHD, as the level of peak growth-hormone (GH) as a predictor of brain MRI abnormality has not yet been established. The objective of this study was to determine if peak GH level, determined by stimulation tests, can predict the presence or absence of brain MRI abnormality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a retrospective chart review from 2008-2015. Patients were aged 2-18 years, and had growth failure and GHD as determined by stimulation test. Patients with history of brain tumour, chemotherapy and brain surgery, prior to the diagnosis of GHD, were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 386 patients were included. GH values (mild versus severe GHD) did not predict brain MRI abnormality with any agent (clonidine: p=0.07; arginine: p=0.17; glucagon: p=0.42). Abnormal MRI was apparent in 19.2% of the patients with mild GHD and 24.8% of the patients with severe GHD (p=0.17). Severe MRI abnormality was seen in 6.1% of the patients with mild GHD and 15.0% of the patients with severe GHD (p=0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The severity of GHD based on peak GH levels on stimulation tests did not predict the presence or absence of brain MRI abnormalities in our study population; however, severe GHD was more strongly associated with severe brain MRI abnormalities. Based on these results we recommend obtaining brain MRI in all patients with GHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"16 1","pages":"60-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7308106/pdf/euendo-16-60.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38095381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin Injection Practice and Injection Complications - Results from the Bangladesh Insulin Injection Technique Survey.","authors":"Abm Kamrul-Hasan,&nbsp;Ajit Kumar Paul,&nbsp;Mohammad Nurul Amin,&nbsp;Md Abu Jar Gaffar,&nbsp;Md Asaduzzaman,&nbsp;Mohammad Saifuddin,&nbsp;Marufa Mustari,&nbsp;Md Jahangir Alam,&nbsp;Mohammad Moin Shahid,&nbsp;K M Nahid-Ul-Haque,&nbsp;Muhammad Shah Alam,&nbsp;Md Motiur Rahman,&nbsp;Samir Kumar Talukder,&nbsp;Md Abdul Kader,&nbsp;Farhana Akter,&nbsp;Mohammad Abdul Hannan,&nbsp;Palash Kumar Chanda,&nbsp;Muhammed Abu Bakar,&nbsp;Shahjada Selim","doi":"10.17925/EE.2020.16.1.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EE.2020.16.1.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetes mellitus is highly prevalent in Bangladesh and insulin is often needed for diabetes control. We lack sufficient data on the insulin injection technique and injection-related complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Bangladesh Insulin Injection Technique Survey (BIITS) was conducted in 2018 in 18 centres throughout Bangladesh, involving 847 patients taking insulin for at least 6 months. All of the study subjects were interviewed using a structured questionnaire focusing on key insulin injection parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean duration of insulin use by the study subjects was 3.84 (± 4.05) years and the mean daily dose of insulin was 41 (± 25) units. A total of 71.6% participants performed ≤2 injections/day and premixed insulins were the most commonly used insulins. Mean glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was 9.5% (± 2%). The proportion of syringe users and pen-device users was 68.1% and 31.9%, respectively. Most of the participants injected in the abdomen and rotated the injection site(s). The majority lifted the skinfold correctly and inserted the needle at a 90-degree angle, but their dwell times after injections were not adequate. A total of 9.2% of the subjects had injection-site lipohypertrophy (LH) and among them, 38.5% injected into the lesion. Patients with LH had higher HbA1c. Higher duration of insulin use (≥5 years), reusing needles more often (>10 times), and injecting at angles other than 90 degrees were independent predictors of LH. The incidences of hypoglycaemia (36.7%) and hyperglycaemia (67.4%) were very high, and subjects with LH had higher chances of both hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. Though most (92.1%) of the patients received education about insulin injection initially, it was not repeated in the recent follow-up and was found to be ineffective.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A huge gap between the insulin administration guidelines and current practice was observed in this study. Complications of insulin injections were also common. Healthcare providers should pay more attention to insulin education and re-evaluate injection practices from time to time.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"16 1","pages":"41-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7308099/pdf/euendo-16-41.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38095378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Salivary Ghrelin Levels with Anthropometric Measures in Underweight, Normal, Overweight and Obese Healthy Adult Males.","authors":"Mona Mohamed Ibrahim Abdalla,&nbsp;Soon Siew Choo","doi":"10.17925/EE.2020.16.1.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EE.2020.16.1.49","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to measure salivary ghrelin levels in healthy adult males and investigate their association with age, weight, height, total as well as regional body fat and muscle mass. The study also aimed to investigate the relative contribution of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in predicting salivary ghrelin levels in the studied groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of young adult males was divided into underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese groups, according to their BMI. Standardised methods were used to measure height, WC and HC. Total body fat, visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, total and regional muscle mass were assessed by bioelectrical impedance technique utilising Karada scan. Salivary ghrelin concentrations were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 90 adult males were included in the analysis (underweight n=9, normal weight n=41, overweight n=22, and obese n=18). One-way ANOVA test revealed significant differences among the groups in all of the variables except height and salivary ghrelin levels. Multiple linear regression revealed a significant association between salivary ghrelin levels with total fat, subcutaneous fat, visceral fat and muscle mass in the obese group. The analysis also revealed that BMI, WC, HC, WHR and WHtR were reliable predictors for salivary ghrelin levels in the obese group but not in other groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Anthropometric measures can be used as predictors for salivary ghrelin levels in healthy obese adults. However, they are poor predictors for salivary ghrelin levels in healthy lean, normal and overweight adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"16 1","pages":"49-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7308100/pdf/euendo-16-49.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38095379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperinsulinaemic Hypoglycaemia and Polycystic Kidney Disease - A Rare Case Concerning <i>PMM2</i> Gene Pleiotropy.","authors":"Ana Rita Soares,&nbsp;Catarina Matos Figueiredo,&nbsp;Dulce Quelhas,&nbsp;Ermelinda Santos Silva,&nbsp;Joana Freitas,&nbsp;Maria João Oliveira,&nbsp;Sameiro Faria,&nbsp;Ana Maria Fortuna,&nbsp;Teresa Borges","doi":"10.17925/EE.2020.16.1.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EE.2020.16.1.66","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Co-occurrence of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia and polycystic kidney disease (HIPKD) has been recently described. It is caused by a non-coding variant in the promoter region for phosphomannomutase 2 (<i>PMM2</i>), c.-167G>T, both in homozygous or compound heterozygous variants with deleterious coding. Although <i>PMM2</i> has been associated with congenital disorder of glycosylation, patients do not present with this phenotype and have normal carbohydrate-deficient transferring testing. The authors present a rare case where specific <i>PMM2</i> study was performed as a result of clinical suspicions. The patient was a 6-year-old female followed at our clinic due to congenital hyperinsulinism since she was 1 month old. She also presented with bilateral polycystic kidneys, detected in prenatal set, and simple hepatic cysts, for which she was treated with diazoxide and captopril. Initial metabolic and genetic studies were normal. <i>PMM2</i> gene sequence study revealed the promotor variant c.-167G>T in compound heterozygosity with the previously described pathogenic variant c.422G>A (p.Arg141His), confirming the diagnosis of HIPKD. This is a notable case as it highlights the importance of keeping this diagnostic hypothesis in mind and serves as a reminder to perform proper clinical and genetic investigation. A correct, and early, diagnosis will avoid unnecessary additional investigations and will allow appropriate genetic counselling for this autosomal recessive disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"16 1","pages":"66-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7308104/pdf/euendo-16-66.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38095382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pheochromocytoma Due to <i>TMEM127</i> Mutation - The Importance of Genetic Testing for Clinical Decision.","authors":"Sílvia Cristina de Sousa Paredes,&nbsp;Sara Gomes de Campos Lopes,&nbsp;Isabel Maria Beleza Ferraz Torres,&nbsp;Marta de Lurdes Fernandes Alves","doi":"10.17925/EE.2020.16.1.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EE.2020.16.1.72","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apreviously healthy 53-year-old woman presented with new onset arterial hypertension diagnosed during workup for daily pulsatile bilateral frontal headaches and paroxysmal episodes of fatigue, palpitations and sweating. High urinary metanephrines were detected and an abdominal magnetic resonance image evidenced two nodular bilateral adrenal lesions and a left iliac focal lesion. ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT (fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography) scanning revealed mild-to-moderate uptake in both adrenal lesions and mild uptake in the iliac bone, whereas ¹²³I-metaiodobenzylguanide scintigraphy revealed uptake only in the right adrenal. CT-scan confirmed the heterogeneous nodular lesion on the right adrenal gland as suspicious for pheochromocytoma and a non-specific sclerotic lesion in the iliac. A right adrenalectomy was performed with posterior resolution of symptoms and normalisation of urinary metanephrines. Histology confirmed a pheochromocytoma and later a mutation of the <i>TMEM127</i> gene was detected. The present case highlights the importance of genetic testing for pheochromocytoma in order to better guide the management of these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"16 1","pages":"72-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7308108/pdf/euendo-16-72.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38095384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Person-centred Obesity Care - Techniques, Thresholds, Tools and Targets.","authors":"Sanjay Kalra,&nbsp;Nitin Kapoor,&nbsp;Sunil Kota,&nbsp;Sambit Das","doi":"10.17925/EE.2020.16.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EE.2020.16.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity is a complex syndrome with multifactorial etiopathogenesis, multifaceted clinical presentations, multidimensional therapeutic approaches, and multipronged treatment strategies. These create the need for a person-centred approach to the management of obesity. This opinion piece explores the spectrum of person-centred obesity care. The authors describe the person-centred nature of techniques used to detect obesity, the thresholds used to diagnose it, the tools (treatment strategies) used to manage it, and the therapeutic outcomes aimed for. The discussion highlights the vast spectrum of obesity and its impact on health, and underscores the need for healthcare professionals to take a person-centred approach to its evaluation and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"16 1","pages":"11-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7308102/pdf/euendo-16-11.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38099549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Interplay Between Pituitary Health and Diabetes Mellitus - The Need for 'Hypophyseo-Vigilance'.","authors":"Saptarshi Bhattacharya,&nbsp;Sanjay Kalra,&nbsp;Deep Dutta,&nbsp;Deepak Khandelwal,&nbsp;Rajiv Singla","doi":"10.17925/EE.2020.16.1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EE.2020.16.1.25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The anterior and posterior hypophyseal hormones alter glucose metabolism in health and disease. Secondary diabetes may occur due to hypersecretion of anterior pituitary hormones like adrenocorticotrophic hormone in Cushing's disease and growth hormone in acromegaly. Other hormones like prolactin, gonadotropins, oxytocin and vasopressin, though not overtly associated with causation of diabetes, have important physiological role in maintaining glucose homeostasis. Hypoglycaemia is not an unusual occurrence in hypopituitarism. Many of the medications that are used for treatment of hypophyseal diseases alter glucose metabolism. Agents like pasireotide should be used with caution in the setting of diabetes, whereas pegvisomant should be given preference. Diabetes mellitus itself, on the other hand, can alter the functioning of hypothalamic pituitary axis; this is documented in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This review focuses on the clinically relevant interplay of hypophyseal hormones and glucose homeostasis. The authors define 'hypophyseo-vigilance' as an approach which keeps the bidirectional, multifaceted interactions between the pituitary and glucose metabolism in mind while managing diabetes and pituitary disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"16 1","pages":"25-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7308101/pdf/euendo-16-25.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38099552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Human Growth Hormone Therapy in Patients with Idiopathic Short Stature in Korea - A Randomised Controlled Trial.","authors":"Min Ho Jung, Byung-Kyu Suh, Cheol Woo Ko, Kee-Hyoung Lee, Dong-Kyu Jin, Han-Wook Yoo, Jin Soon Hwang, Woo Yeong Chung, Heon-Seok Han, Vinay Prusty, Ho-Seong Kim","doi":"10.17925/EE.2020.16.1.54","DOIUrl":"10.17925/EE.2020.16.1.54","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of growth hormone (GH) therapy (Norditropin®; Novo Nordisk, Bagsværd, Denmark) in paediatric patients with idiopathic short stature (ISS) in Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an open-label, parallel-group, multicentre, interventional trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01778023). Pre-pubertal patients (mean age 6.2 years; height, 107.1 cm) were randomised 2:1 to 12 months' GH treatment (0.469 mg/kg/week; group A, n=36) or 6 months untreated followed by 6 months' GH treatment (group B, n=18). Safety analysis was based on adverse events (AEs) in all GH-treated patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 6 months, height velocity (Ht-V), change in both height standard deviation score (Ht-SDS) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (mean difference [95% confidence interval {CI}]: 5.15 cm/year [4.09, 6.21]; 0.57 [0.43, 0.71]; 164.56 ng/mL [112.04, 217.08], respectively; all p<0.0001) were greater in group A than in group B. Mean difference in Ht-V for 0-6 months versus 6-12 months was 2.80 cm/year (95% CI 1.55, 4.04) for group A and -4.60 cm/year (95% CI -6.12, -3.09; both p<0.0001) for group B. No unexpected AEs were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During the first 6 months, height was significantly increased in GH-treated patients versus untreated patients with ISS. Safety of GH was consistent with the known safety profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"16 1","pages":"54-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7308103/pdf/euendo-16-54.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38095380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pragmatic Opioid Use in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy.","authors":"Yatan Pal Singh Balhara,&nbsp;Shalini Singh,&nbsp;Sanjay Kalra","doi":"10.17925/EE.2020.16.1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EE.2020.16.1.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The management of painful diabetic neuropathy poses a tough clinical challenge. Although opioid analgesics are considered as second- or third-line agents in the management of moderate-to-severe neuropathic pain, prescription of opioids for this indication is higher than expected. This narrative review is a recommendation on how to ensure pragmatic use of opioids for those with painful diabetic neuropathy while avoiding complications such as opioid overdose, opioid diversion and the development of opioid-use disorder. Risk mitigation strategies at the level of the clinician include periodic assessment and documentation of clinical details, treatment history and psychosocial status. Using a multimodal approach to pain management, medication counselling, adherence monitoring programmes, evidence-based opioid dosing strategies and empowering patients to make treatment decisions are effective strategies in reducing risk associated with prolonged opioid use. At the organisational and policy level, using prescription drug monitoring programmes, carrying out periodic opioid utilisation reviews and providing training to patients and physicians on safe opioid use are useful, implementable strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"16 1","pages":"21-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7308105/pdf/euendo-16-21.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38099551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dome-and-dart T Waves and Hyperthyroidism - A Case Report.","authors":"Matteo Parolin,&nbsp;Francesca Dassie,&nbsp;Eugenio De Carlo,&nbsp;Roberto Vettor,&nbsp;Pietro Maffei","doi":"10.17925/EE.2020.16.1.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EE.2020.16.1.69","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We briefly describe a case of a 31-year-old man with persistent hyperthyroidism, despite medical treatment with high dose methimazole. Twelve-lead 24-hour Holter monitoring showed bifid (or dome-and-dart) T waves and echocardiography revealed mild left ventricle dilatation. Hyperthyroidism was eventually treated with total thyroidectomy, and thereafter, T waves became normal and the left ventricle returned to normal dimensions. Hyperthyroidism should be considered among the differential diagnoses when T wave abnormalities are observed on electrocardiogram and when mild left ventricle dilatation is observed on an echocardiogram. The correction of hyperthyroidism can reverse these abnormalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":38860,"journal":{"name":"European Endocrinology","volume":"16 1","pages":"69-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7308098/pdf/euendo-16-69.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38095383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}