Japanese Journal of Urology最新文献

{"title":"[CLINICAL EXPERIENCE OF TRANSURETHRAL INJECTION USING DEXTRANOMER-HYALURONIC ACID COPOLYMER (Deflux®) FOR CASES OF SECONDARY VESICOURETERAL REFLUX AFTER URETEROCYSTONEOSTOMY].","authors":"Y. Aoki, Z. Matsui, Atsuko Sato, Y. Morizawa, S. Iwasa, H. Satoh","doi":"10.5980/jpnjurol.112.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5980/jpnjurol.112.75","url":null,"abstract":"(Objective) We reviewed the clinical efficacy of transurethral Deflux® injection therapy (Deflux® injection therapy) in patients with secondary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) after ureterocystoneostomy. (Methods) We retrospectively evaluated data for Deflux® injection therapy in 4 patients after ureterocystoneostomy with secondary VUR due to lower urinary tract dysfunction treated at this hospital from 2010 through 2018. The indications for surgery were febrile urinary tract infection or new renal scarring, and the outcomes of treatment with Deflux® injection therapy were evaluated. (Results) There were 2 male and 2 female patients. Three patients had unexplained lower urinary tract dysfunction, all patients were using clean intermittent catherization, and 3 patients had operated by the Cohen method for VUR. Preoperative examinations revealed that all patients had unilateral VUR, and reflux was assessed as Grade III in 1 patient and Grade IV in 3 patients. The median age at initial surgery was 12.8 years, and Deflux® injection therapy was performed unilaterally in all patients. Deflux® injection therapy was performed by a combined HIT/STING technique in 2 patients and by the HIT technique alone in 2 patients, with a median injection volume of 2.4 ml. The therapeutic outcome for initial Deflux® injection therapy was resolution of VUR in 1 patient (25%) and persistence of VUR in 3 patients. Treatment was repeated for 2 of the 3 patients with persistent VUR, and resolution was reported for 1 of these patients. (Conclusion) The initial success rate for Deflux® injection therapy in VUR with bladder dysfunction was a low 25%, suggesting that caution is required in choosing this treatment option.","PeriodicalId":38850,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Urology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81571977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[OUTCOMES OF BLADDER CANCER IN NONAGENARIANS].","authors":"Soichi Matsumura, Takahiro Yoshida, T. Imanaka, K. Yamanaka, H. Kishikawa","doi":"10.5980/jpnjurol.112.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5980/jpnjurol.112.58","url":null,"abstract":"(Objectives) We evaluated the chronological change in the number and proportion of elderly patients with bladder cancer. We also retrospectively investigated the clinical outcomes of bladder cancer in patients of ≥90 years of age. (Patients and methods) We evaluated the chronological change in the number and proportion of patients of ≥90 years of age who were clinically diagnosed with bladder cancer and who underwent transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (TUR-BT) at our hospital between 2008 and 2018. We also assessed the clinicopathological factors, perioperative outcomes, and clinical outcomes in bladder cancer patients of ≥90 years of age. (Results) The number and proportion of bladder cancer patients of ≥90 years of age increased with time. A total of 39 patients of ≥90 years of age underwent TUR-BT at our hospital, among whom 22 were diagnosed with primary bladder cancer. The median age was 91 years. No grade ≥III complications were observed after TUR-BT. Two out of 6 with pT1 disease underwent second TUR-BT. Two out of 7 with pT1 disease or carcinoma in situ received intravesical BCG therapy. Six deaths were observed during the study period, 2 of which were due to bladder cancer. At 1 and 3 years after TUR-BT, the overall survival rates of the 22 patients were 80.4% and 68.9%, respectively. (Conclusions) The number and proportion of elderly patients with bladder cancer increased with time. The current standard of care including second TUR-BT and intravesical BCG therapy for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer was underutilized in nonagenarians.","PeriodicalId":38850,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Urology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86387929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A CASE OF UNRESECTABLE METASTATIC RENAL CARCINOMA SUCCESSFULLY TREATED BY COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY WITH NIVOLUMAB AND SURGERY].","authors":"Naomi Ohmori, T. Oki, H. Tahara","doi":"10.5980/jpnjurol.112.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5980/jpnjurol.112.105","url":null,"abstract":"The patient was a 65-year-old male who was referred with right renal mass (8 × 6.7 cm) and swelling of para-aortic lymph nodes in CT in April, 20XX. Additional examinations revealed inferior vena cava invasion, multiple lung metastases and left iliac bone metastasis and he was diagnosed with a renal cell carcinoma (cT4N1M1b). Pazopanib was administered as the first line treatment for an unresectable renal cancer. Nivolumab was then administrated as the 2nd line therapy due to the disease progression evaluated in (late) June, 20XX. However, immediately after the first administration of nivolumab, the patient have a difficulty in walking resulting from low-back pain, and MRI showed multiple lumbar vertebral metastases and L2 compression fracture. He was transferred to another hospital for combined modality therapy including right femoral head replacement and palliative radiotherapy in August, 20XX. Nivolumab was resumed since he had stable disease after his return to our hospital, and a total of 20 cycles of nivolumab treatment was performed. A follow-up CT showed 70% decrease in an initial primary tumor and tumor decrease or disappear in metastatic lung and bone tumors. The primary tumor was considered surgically resectable, and a radical nephrectomy was performed in August 20XX +1. Histopathological examination showed with a marked effect of neoadjuvant therapy and no evidence of viable tumor cells. We report a case of unresectable carcinoma that was successfully treated with nivolumab.","PeriodicalId":38850,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Urology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74305220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[FOURNIER GANGRENE: AN ANALYSIS OF 15 CASES].","authors":"A. Sakamoto, Tomoyuki Kaneko, A. Kanatani, Masaki Kimura, S. Takahashi, Yukio Yamada, Y. Miyake, T. Sakamoto, T. Nakagawa","doi":"10.5980/jpnjurol.112.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5980/jpnjurol.112.65","url":null,"abstract":"(Objectives) This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and the mortality risk factors of 15 patients with Fournier gangrene in the past decade at Teikyo University Hospital. (Materials and methods) We retrospectively assessed 15 patients with Fournier gangrene between May 2009 and April 2019. We compared the demographic characteristics along with several clinical variables including Fournier Gangrene Severity Index of the survivors and nonsurvivors. We also assessed the risk factors associated with mortality. (Results) All patients were men with a median age of 67 years. Among the 15 patients, 9 had diabetes mellitus (60%). Furthermore, 14 patients (93%) underwent surgical debridement, 5 (33%) required orchiectomy, 3 (20%) were treated with cystostomy for urinary diversion, and 3 (20%) needed temporary colostomy for fecal diversion. Three patients died of the disease with a mortality rate of 20%. The nonsurvivors were significantly older (p = 0.043) and had a smaller body mass index (p = 0.038) than the survivors. The scores of clinical risk models, such as the Fournier Gangrene Severity Index, were higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors, with no statistical significance presumably due to the small sample size. (Conclusions) The mortality rate for Fournier gangrene during the past decade at our institution was 20%. Fournier gangrene was a potentially fatal disease even in the 2010s.","PeriodicalId":38850,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Urology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84353875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A CASE OF CASTRATION-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER THAT COMPLETELY AMELIORATED AFTER TRANSITION TO BEST SUPPORTIVE CARE].","authors":"H. Kise","doi":"10.5980/jpnjurol.112.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5980/jpnjurol.112.113","url":null,"abstract":"The patient was a 78-year-old man who, at 67 years of age, had been diagnosed with prostate cancer cT3bN1M0 (Gleason score 5+5) and started on androgen ablation therapy. Thereafter, the cancer had developed into castration-resistant prostate cancer; thus, after surgical castration, the patient was treated with 27 courses of docetaxel, as well as enzalutamide and abiraterone. However, new metastases appeared in the paraaortic lymph nodes, post which, the patient was treated with 25 courses of cabazitaxel. However, the paraaortic and intrapelvic lymph nodes became enlarged, the patient developed rectal occlusion and urinary retention due to growth of the primary tumor, and his general condition deteriorated. Hence, the patient decided to abandon treatment approximately 10 years after initial diagnosis, underwent cystostomy, and transitioned to best supportive care. After stopping treatment, his general condition started to improve, and approximately 6 months later, his PSA levels had fallen from 55.5 ng/mL to 19.3 ng/mL and the lymph nodes had also reduced in size. When the cancer was treated with local radiation, the enlarged tumor disappeared, and the patient was able to urinate again. It has now been 2.5 years since treatment was stopped, and both, the paraaortic and intrapelvic lymph nodes have reduced in size to < 1 cm, and the PSA value continues to remain less than 0.008 ng/ml.","PeriodicalId":38850,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Urology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87672190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF 95 CASES OF PERCUTANEOUS CYSTOSTOMY].","authors":"Kazuki Takekawa, Makoto Kawaguchi, K. Kuroda, Y. Hirano, K. Hamamoto, Yuichi Arai, Mina Hatanaka, Y. Kitamura, Kazuki Kawamura, K. Ojima, Kazuyoshi Tachi, S. Tasaki, J. Asakuma, A. Horiguchi, K. Ito","doi":"10.5980/jpnjurol.112.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5980/jpnjurol.112.70","url":null,"abstract":"(Introduction) Percutaneous cystostomy is a standard urological procedure; however, very few reports have focused on the many cases of this procedure performed in Japan. We analyzed the background of the procedure and its approach as well as the incidence of its complications at our institution. (Material and methods) We examined 95 patients who underwent percutaneous cystostomy between April 2010 and March 2019. A comparative analysis was conducted for each type of procedure performed. Furthermore, cases that experienced accidental catheter extraction before the first catheter replacement were analyzed, and the three patient groups were compared based on the type of procedure performed and cases that needed another operation. (Result) The indications for cystostomy were urethral stricture (56.3%), neuropathic bladder (13.5%), and prostatic hyperplasia (11.5%). The complications included hemorrhage, peritoneal injury, urinary tract infection, and catheter damage caused by a puncture needle. The overall complication rate was 10.5%. Based on type of the procedure performed, the incidence of hemorrhage was found to be as high as 25% in patients who underwent the procedure using a cannula puncture needle. Accidental catheter extraction before the first catheter replacement occurred most frequently in patients treated with Seldinger technique (17.0%). The rate of complications including accidental catheter extraction ranged from 25.0% to 25.4% among the three groups. (Conclusion) We prefer the Seldinger technique for the first placement of the cystostomy catheter because of its low rate of hemorrhage, but a cannula puncture needle may also be used by using exploratory puncture if vascular damage and accidental catheter extraction are avoided.","PeriodicalId":38850,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Urology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85540880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[COST ANALYSIS OF ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY AND DRUGS FOR CASTRATION-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER].","authors":"K. Nishizawa, Kodai Hattahara, H. Onishi, T. Yoshida","doi":"10.5980/jpnjurol.112.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5980/jpnjurol.112.53","url":null,"abstract":"(Purpose) Recently, new effective drugs for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) have been developed. Although they are expected to prolong the survival time of patients with advanced prostate cancer, they may result in an economic burden. In this study, we determined the treatment results and the cost of CRPC drugs. (Methods) From 2014 to 2017, patients who were unfit for curative therapy were enrolled in this study. First, they received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) by surgical or chemical castration. Once castration-sensitive cancer progressed to castration-resistant cancer, CRPC drugs, such as docetaxel, cabazitaxel, abiraterone and enzalutamide, were administered sequentially. In elderly or fragile patients, drug doses were often reduced to minimize their toxicity. The total costs of drugs for castration-sensitive and castration-resistant cancers were calculated, and the results were evaluated. (Results) Prostate biopsies detected prostate cancer in 257 patients. Eighty-one patients were treated with ADT, and 56 of the cancers were metastatic or showed a high prostate specific antigen level (>100 ng/ml). Thirty patients out of the 56 with advanced cancers developed CRPC, and the median time to CRPC was 10 months (range, 3-39). Drugs targeting CRPC were administered in 25 patients for a median duration of 20 months (range, 3-50). During the median observation period of 48 months (range, 13-75), 15 patients died of prostate cancer. The median annual cost of drugs for castration-sensitive cancer was 234,000 Japanese yen (2,187 US dollars) [range, 50,000-315,000 yen (467-2,943 US dollars) ]. In contrast, the median annual cost of drugs for CRPC was 2,041,000 yen (19,075 US dollars) [range, 346,000-5,017,000 yen (3,230-46,886 US dollars) ]. (Conclusions) Advanced prostate cancer tended to rapidly progress to CRPC, which required a sequence of expensive drugs for treatment. Early diagnosis preventing the development of advanced prostate cancer is desirable to reduce the economic burden for the health insurance system.","PeriodicalId":38850,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Urology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86068031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[CASE OF LOW-RISK PROSTATE CANCER WITH LYMPH NODE METASTASIS IN THE ANTERIOR PROSTATIC FAT TISSUE].","authors":"Hayato Hoshina, Masahiro Hikatsu, Shusaku Nakazono, Urara Sakurai, Yoshinori Tanaka, H. Kume","doi":"10.5980/jpnjurol.112.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5980/jpnjurol.112.96","url":null,"abstract":"A 78-year-old man with a prostate-specific antigen level of 10 ng/mL was referred to our hospital. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System category of 5 in the apex transition zone. Transrectal and transperineal prostate needle biopsies were performed at a total of 20 sites. A well-differentiated adenocarcinoma with a Gleason score of 3+3 was detected on the right peripheral zone of the biopsied specimen. There were no apparent metastases, and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy was performed (Lesion 1: 30 mm lesion with a Gleason score of 4+5, EPE1, RM1, ly0, v0, pn1, sv0 in the bilateral transitional zones; Lesion 2: 4 mm lesion with a Gleason score of 3+3, EPE0, RM0, ly0, v0, pn0, sv0 in the left peripheral zone). Lymph node metastasis was found in the separately submitted anterior prostatic fat tissue. Removal of the anterior prostatic fat tissue is a simple procedure and is considered useful for evaluating the stump, and in this hospital, the tissue is routinely submitted for pathological diagnosis. It is extremely unlikely that lymph nodes will be found in the anterior prostatic fat tissue, and it is even less likely that any lymph node in the tissue will contain lymph node metastases. We therefore report a case of incidental discovery of lymph node metastasis in the anterior prostatic fat tissue at our hospital.","PeriodicalId":38850,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Urology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76526388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS CAUSED BY IPILIMUMAB AND NIVOLUMAB COMBINATION THERAPY FOR ADVANCED RENAL CELL CARCINOMA: A CASE REPORT].","authors":"M. Ishii, K. Takezawa, R. Imamura, S. Fukuhara, Ken-Ichi Fujita, M. Uemura, H. Kiuchi, N. Nonomura","doi":"10.5980/jpnjurol.112.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5980/jpnjurol.112.109","url":null,"abstract":"The patient was 74-year-old woman. She underwent open nephrectomy for right kidney cancer with multiple lung metastasis in June X, and was diagnosed as clear cell renal cell carcinoma, pT3bN0M1. Combination therapy with ipilimumab and nivolumab was started in July X. In September X, she presented our hospital with the chief complaint of anorexia. The renal function deteriorated remarkably with serum Cr of 8.58 mg/dL and BUN of 71 mg/dL. CT scan revealed an enlarged left kidney at that time. She was clinically diagnosed as Grade 3 interstitial nephritis caused by immune checkpoint inhibitor, and treatment was initiated immediately. She was treated with steroid therapy and discontinuation of the drugs she was taking, which gradually improved her renal function, and brought it back to baseline in three weeks. After that, the steroid was carefully tapered, and turned off on day 52, and nivolumab monotherapy was resumed on day 60. After five cycles of nivolumab monotherapy, there has been no recurrence of interstitial nephritis, and the disease remains stable. In Japan, 38 cases of interstitial nephritis due to immune checkpoint inhibitors have been reported. In most cases, the diagnosis was made by histological examination; however, we believe that the diagnosis should be made clinically and treatment should be started immediately, since the early treatment is important for immune-related adverse events.","PeriodicalId":38850,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Urology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73859673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY ON PATIENTS WITH PROSTATE CANCER AND ITS EFFECT ON OVERALL SURVIVAL].","authors":"T. Shimabukuro, C. Ohmi, Ryoko Nagamitsu, K. Shiraishi, H. Matsuyama","doi":"10.5980/jpnjurol.112.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5980/jpnjurol.112.81","url":null,"abstract":"(Background) Patients with prostate cancer, which progresses slowly compared with other cancers, are generally older, and not a few are solely treated with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). The physical effects of ADT on bone health, body composition, and hematological parameters must be carefully considered. (Methods) We collected the clinical records of 185 men with pathologically diagnosed prostate cancer who were treated with ADT at our hospital. The primary aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and severity of adverse effects caused by ADT. The second aim was to analyze the effect of fluctuation in the rate of these adverse effects on overall survival (OS). (Results) The median age of patients was 75 years. After ADT for 1 or 2 years, evaluation of bone mineral density revealed median losses of 3% and 6%, respectively. After ADT for 1 year, body mass index was significantly increased by a median 2.1%, and total cholesterol and hemoglobin levels were significantly increased and decreased, respectively. The local and systemic symptoms of subcutaneous granuloma and hot flashes were experienced by 39% and 21.6% patients, respectively. Mono- and multivariate analysis revealed that significant fluctuation in the rate of adverse events after 1-year ADT did not affect OS. (Conclusion) Prevalence and severity of adverse effects caused by ADT were acceptable and almost all patients could be treated in the outpatient clinic, and significant fluctuation in the rate of adverse effects had no effect on OS.","PeriodicalId":38850,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Urology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82551659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}