Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Are native plants green? Assessing environmental performances of locally-owned facilities","authors":"Narae Lee, Jiao Luo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3830153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3830153","url":null,"abstract":"We study the impact of corporate ownership and community conditions on firm environmental pollution. While the existing literature often thinks of environmental pollution as a unitary construct, we emphasize the distinction between toxic emissions, which have immediate but locally bounded impact, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions which have gradual but global impact, producing climate change. Using a facility-level panel of all manufacturing facilities in the US from 2010-2018, and leveraging within-facility changes in ownership status, we show that locally owned firms have lower levels of toxic emissions, but they are also less likely to report GHG emissions, and have higher levels of such emissions when they do report them, with these effects being stronger where the owner is not only headquartered locally, but has operations limited to that state. Our study suggests that while the pressures of local embeddedness may drive firms to be more environmentally responsible towards their local community, they also make firms more indifferent to their global environmental impact.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122674551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling Up Sustainable Investment through Blockchain-Based Project Bonds","authors":"Yushi Chen, Ulrich Volz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3839956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3839956","url":null,"abstract":"Motivation \u0000 \u0000Most low- and middle-income countries face an urgent need to scale up sustainable finance for low-carbon and climate-resilient infrastructure investment, yet underdeveloped capital markets tend to inhibit domestic resource mobilization for infrastructure investment. At the same time, domestic savers face a scarcity of “safe” local currency assets, resulting in the export of capital. \u0000 \u0000Purpose \u0000 \u0000This article explores options for mobilizing domestic savings through fintech solutions to scale up sustainable investment. \u0000 \u0000Methods and approach \u0000 \u0000The article discusses how fintech can help to complement conventional capital markets and mobilize financial resources for sustainable infrastructure investments. \u0000 \u0000Findings \u0000 \u0000The article puts forward a proposal for blockchain-based project bonds to raise finance through a digital crowdfunding platform, which is also able to record transparently and certify the use of proceeds, sustainability impact, and revenue streams of projects by combining timestamp, public and private key mechanisms, and smart contract technologies. \u0000 \u0000Policy implications \u0000 \u0000The proposed approach would not only provide investors of different sizes with the opportunity to purchase local-currency assets and issuers such as municipalities to raise funds for sustainable infrastructure investment. It would also facilitate project management once the project is operational, for example through metering and billing, and create full transparency over the life cycle of the investment, reducing problems concerning the misuse of funds.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114480413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linked Economic and Animal Systems (LEAS) Model: Technical Documentation","authors":"E. Aragie, Seneshaw Tamru, E. Legesse, J. Thurlow","doi":"10.2499/P15738COLL2.134330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2499/P15738COLL2.134330","url":null,"abstract":"The herd dynamics model (HDM) component of the Linked Economic and Animal Systems (LEAS) model specifically documented here is developed in the context of the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Livestock Systems financed by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and managed by the University of Florida’s Institute of Food and Animal Sciences. The main objective of this project is to develop a comprehensive analytical approach or systems model capable of assessing (i) how animal herd or flock sizes change over time and in response to on-farm policies; (ii) how alternative national trends and policies affect future development of the livestock system as a whole; (iii) how changes in livestock policies affect people working throughout the livestock system; and (iv) how changes in animal-source food (ASF) production and prices affect the real incomes and consumption patterns of different population groups. The HDM developed provides a highly detailed description of the cattle sector while laying a framework that can be easily adapted to other types of livestock. The model allows one to closely examine the performance of the livestock sector disaggregated by agroecology zones or regions. The HDM is linked both ways with a core economywide model through economic variables such as relative prices of livestock activities, prices and availability of intermediate inputs including feed, and changes in supply of livestock capital in the meat and milk production sectors. Given the complex interplay in the livestock sector such as offtake decisions, death rates, milk and meat yield, and feeding practices (through quality indexed feed demand), the HDM developed under this project is a fully dynamic livestock sector model that provides several avenues for policy analysis on livestock management, the sector’s future trajectory, and its dynamics, given risks and opportunities within the sector and beyond.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"252 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115661733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Right to Breathe Clean Air and Access to Justice - Legal State of Play in International, European and National Law","authors":"W. Huck, Jennifer Maaß, Saparya Sood, Tahar Benmaghnia, Alexander Schulte, Sarah Hess, Marc-Anthony Walter","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3808572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3808572","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the fact that “heavy skies” (gravioris caeli) have been identified and legally classified as a serious concern since ancient times, air pollution still leads to millions of avoidable deaths and significantly impacts the climate. Today more than ever, the protection of people and a biophysical interconnected environment is the subject of a global discussion on the right to breathe clean air (RBCA) in international, interregional and national law. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a global normative concept through SDG 3.9 target the reduction of air pollution, related deaths, diseases and the effects on climate change as a global health risk. But what is the exact status of the RBCA and who can claim access to justice from it? This paper attempts to classify RBCA as an exertable right in the realm of public law in a pan-European context and to shed light on the possibilities of its implementation and enforcement, also in connection with climate justice. To this end, its origins as philosophical thought or private right in Greek and Roman antiquity are first revealed and then connected in a doctrinal approach with the structures and legal bases of contemporary German law, which has contributed significantly to the emergence of the EU environmental legal framework. As a qualitative framing, the SDGs serve as an all-encompassing policy and target of the EU, whose agenda with SDG 16.3 also includes access to justice. The actual scope and enforceability of “clean air for all” is therefore determined not only by legislative but also through judicial review in the EU multi-level system. Additionally, international law forms an interpretive context of the RBCA. The Paris Climate Agreement and the Aarhus Convention as well as the “polluter pays principle” and the “common but differentiated responsibilities principle” will be examined for their effects on the granting and linking of rights. The paper also focusses on the connection of environmental and climate change claims with human rights obligations since this is a recurring assessment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and forms part of its rich jurisprudence. The results of the analysis show a varied picture. An independent human right to breathe clean air does not exist internationally or under European law to date. However, within the EU and in domestic German law, a right to clean air is attached to obligations under public and property law. This opens up a legal spectrum which not always leads to a comprehensive state liability. It is even more difficult for individuals or non-governmental organisations to gain access to justice under such legal framework. This is prevented in particular due to a lack of legal standing (locus standi) or further procedural requirements. Also substantially, the linking of fundamental rights to this very technical, environmental entitlement, both at European and national level, is associated with difficulties in its enforcement. Be","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125070100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Sequential Sustainability Transformation Model for Financial Institutions","authors":"Ibrahim E. Sancak","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3814894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3814894","url":null,"abstract":"This study configures a sustainability transformation model for financial institutions considering the EU and German sustainability perspectives. The study zooms in on sustainability transformation issues deploying Stouten, Rousseau, & Cremer’s Model of ten key evidence-based steps in managing planned organizational change as an anchor in developing a sequential sustainability transformation model (STM) and classifying transformation steps in terms of E, S, and G factors. In building step-by-step an avenue for financial institutions towards sustainability, it becomes clearer that the governance factor plays the most significant and dominant role among ESG factors. The model (STM) itself, organizational change steps, transformation steps, and the findings address key takeaways not only for financial institutions but also non-financial organizations planning a full-fledged sustainability transformation and striving for a quantum leap in their markets. This study also connects the relevant literature and industry practices on sustainability transformation and addresses future research topics in the same avenue.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126631498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polls, Politics and Disaster Relief: Evidence from Federal SBA Loan Programs","authors":"S. Ravid, Kose John, Balbinder Singh Gill, J. Choi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3797341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3797341","url":null,"abstract":"We study how the popularity of an incumbent president can influence the generosity of the relief effort in response to a natural disaster as reflected in the federal SBA loan program. We document that the loan amounts relative to reported damages are higher when popularity of the incumbent president is lower. This result is consistent with the catering view of disaster relief where the president approves higher amounts when his popularity is at a low point but may hold his ground when his popularity is high. We find that this catering behavior is amplified when public sentiment regarding the disaster is high (as measured by a metric designed from Google search volume).When the public sentiment is very high even a popular president may approve high disaster aid, further supporting our catering view. We also examine the effect of other factors that increase the political importance of the disaster (e.g., swing county, campaign donations, first term, and number of presidential visits) and find evidence of increased catering. Finally, there is some evidence of interaction of catering with credit scoring rules, suggesting discrimination in loan provision in favor of richer counties and against counties with a high percentage of African Americans. Our findings point to a new venue for politics in climate change in the area of disaster relief.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"109 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120875697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greening (Runnable) Brown Assets with a Liquidity Backstop","authors":"E. Jondeau, Benoît Mojon, Cyril Monnet","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3800034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3800034","url":null,"abstract":"The momentum toward greening the economy implies transition risks that are new threats to financial stability. In particular, the expectation that other investors may exclude high carbon corporate emitters from their portfolio creates a risk of runs on brown assets. We show that runs can be contained by a liquidity backstop with an access fee that depends on the firm’s carbon intensity, while the interest rate on the liquidity lent through this facility is independent from its carbon intensity.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123468564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wreck Removal: An Analysis of Third-Party Rights Against Ship Owners and the Receiver of Wreck in Nigeria","authors":"Paschal Obiora","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3796083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3796083","url":null,"abstract":"\"The occurrence of a wreck causes navigational and environmental hazards within the marine environment. The consequences of neglecting to remove wrecks from waterways have for many years been a subject of discussion from a legal perspective. Imperatively, the existence and enforceability of third-party rights to the safe use of the marine environment without any hindrance spawned by wrecks is a question that begs for a definite legal answer. Some laws have been put in place in Nigeria to reduce the dangers posed to navigational safety which may be occasioned by wrecks on Nigeria’s territorial waters. This article will in some depth analyze the local and international legal regimes on the removal of wrecks applicable in Nigeria as they relate to; who bears the responsibility to remove wrecks; the rights of third parties affected by the delayed or non-removal of wrecks and the enforceability or otherwise of such rights in Nigeria.\"","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121185842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Dynamic Regulation of Carbon Emissions Market: A Variational Approach","authors":"R. Aïd, Sara Biagini","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3792384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3792384","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the problem of reducing the carbon emissions of a set of firms over a finite horizon. A regulator dynamically allocates emission allowances to each firm. Firms face idiosyncratic as well as common economic shocks on emissions, and have linear quadratic abatement costs. Firms can trade allowances so to minimise total expected costs, from abatement and trading plus a quadratic terminal penalty. Using variational methods, we exhibit in closed-form the market equilibrium in function of regulator's dynamic allocation. We then solve the Stackelberg game between the regulator and the firms. Again, we obtain a closed-form expression of the dynamic allocation policies that allow a desired expected emission reduction. Optimal policies are not unique but share common properties. Surprisingly, all optimal policies induce a constant abatement effort and a constant price of allowances. Dynamic allocations outperform static ones because of adjustment costs and uncertainty, in particular given the presence of common shocks. Our results are robust to some extensions, like risk aversion of firms or different penalty functions.<br>","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128795491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Empirical Analysis of Environmental Cost Accounting in Mining Companies in Jordan","authors":"Mithkal Hmoud Alqaraleh, Nawaf Thuneibat, A. Nour","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3765791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3765791","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to spot the explanations for corporate implementation of environmental data in their inner decision-making processes. The main focuses on the explanations helps perceive manager practices and examine the role vie by cost management in resolution environmental issues.The study adopts associate degree exploratory analysis approach. The analysis technique is predicated on field studies of nine mining industries of Jordan. This study is braced by the eco-efficiency theory, so as to unravel intricacy in interviewing the managers, so the study adopted the theme of a structured form and extra phone interviews were also conducted. The findings divulge that environmental cost accounting data is quite qualified to shore up internal decision-making processes as well as external communication. It inveterate the gap between company headquarters communication and concern perspective. The findings show somewhat poor awareness of the connection between environmental and economic performance nevertheless growing awareness of the positive relation among environmental stance and company image cannot be neglected. The research is targeted on nine business organizations thus the results don't seem to be extended on the far side the respondents. The study highlights why environmental data is employed and why environmental prices area unit measured thus on investigate the explanations for his or her adoption at intervals business organizations, to boost the effectiveness of environmental data and facilitate the diffusion of environmental accounting practices. The research identifies the explanations for the adoption of environmental data in internal decision-making processes, the gaps within the logical adoption of environmental criteria and highlights components supportive in tracing the pathways for additional analysis on environmental accounting practices.","PeriodicalId":388441,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Environment eJournal","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131583996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}