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The Health-Consumption Effects of Increasing Retirement Age Late in the Game 延迟退休年龄对健康消费的影响
Economie et Statistique Pub Date : 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.24187/ecostat.2023.538.2092
Eve Caroli, Catherine Pollak, Muriel Roger
{"title":"The Health-Consumption Effects of Increasing Retirement Age Late in the Game","authors":"Eve Caroli, Catherine Pollak, Muriel Roger","doi":"10.24187/ecostat.2023.538.2092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2023.538.2092","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38830,"journal":{"name":"Economie et Statistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135526913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inequalities of Opportunity in the Use of Healthcare by Young Adults in France 法国年轻人利用医疗保健的机会不平等
Economie et Statistique Pub Date : 2020-07-31 DOI: 10.24187/ecostat.2020.514t.2014
Doriane Mignon, F. Jusot
{"title":"Inequalities of Opportunity in the Use of Healthcare by Young Adults in France","authors":"Doriane Mignon, F. Jusot","doi":"10.24187/ecostat.2020.514t.2014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2020.514t.2014","url":null,"abstract":"[eng] While the health of young adults is a recognised public health issue in France, less attention is paid to their use of healthcare. This article examines the existence of unequal opportunities in the use of healthcare for young adults using data from the National Survey on the Resources of Young Adults (Enquete nationale sur les ressources des jeunes 2014). Using the framework of the philosophy of responsibility, a distinction is made between “unfair” inequalities linked to circumstances beyond the control of young people – or unequal opportunity, and “fair” inequalities linked to characteristics for which they are responsible. Linear probability models are used to estimate the associations between the probabilities of non-use (non-utilisation and foregone health care) and parental characteristics (complementary health insurance, main activity, income, marital and vital status) on the one hand and those of the young person (education, main activity, whether living in the parental home or not, financial resources, complementary health insurance) on the other, reflecting the existence of unfair and fair inequalities respectively. Variance decomposition makes it possible to quantify these inequalities and suggests that unfair inequalities outweigh fair inequalities.","PeriodicalId":38830,"journal":{"name":"Economie et Statistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83848036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Financial Support for Young Adults Through Tax and Social Transfers – Defamilialisation Scenarios 通过税收和社会转移为年轻人提供财政支持-陌生化情景
Economie et Statistique Pub Date : 2020-07-31 DOI: 10.24187/ecostat.2020.514t.2012
Adélaïde Favrat, Vincent Lignon, M. Pucci
{"title":"Financial Support for Young Adults Through Tax and Social Transfers – Defamilialisation Scenarios","authors":"Adélaïde Favrat, Vincent Lignon, M. Pucci","doi":"10.24187/ecostat.2020.514t.2012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2020.514t.2012","url":null,"abstract":"[eng] This paper assesses the support provided by the tax and social security system to young adults aged 18-24, distinguishing between the direct benefits they receive and the transfers channelled through their parents, whether in the form of increases in social security benefits or tax savings. Using the Myriade microsimulation model, we estimate that nearly 50% of the support provided to young adults aged 18-24 is channelled through their parents. Illustrating the familialist model that underlies support to young adults in France, indirect transfers tend to be higher in the upper deciles than in the middle deciles, raising questions of fairness. To assess their redistributive properties, the paper examines the effect of redeploying indirect support in the form of an individualised allowance paid directly to young adults. In the two scenarios envisaged, redeployment is found to reduce the average poverty risk and the differences in living standards among young adults, but to penalise some young adults from low-income families still in education.","PeriodicalId":38830,"journal":{"name":"Economie et Statistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82491699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Young People’s Decisions in the Transition to Adulthood in France: The Influence of Family Factors 法国青年的成人期决策:家庭因素的影响
Economie et Statistique Pub Date : 2020-07-09 DOI: 10.24187/ecostat.2020.514t.2011
Audrey-Rose Menard, Vincent Vergnat
{"title":"Young People’s Decisions in the Transition to Adulthood in France: The Influence of Family Factors","authors":"Audrey-Rose Menard, Vincent Vergnat","doi":"10.24187/ecostat.2020.514t.2011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2020.514t.2011","url":null,"abstract":"[eng] Entering adulthood is characterised by different choices. These include choosing whether or not to study, leave the parental home or work. This article examines the potential links between family environment and the choices made by young adults using data from the Enquete nationale sur les ressources des jeunes (ENRJ, National survey on young adults’ resources). The econometric methodology adopted allows us to take into account the quasi-simultaneous nature of these decisions. Aside from family structure, income, geographic location and the socio-professional category of the parents, we include indicators measuring the quality of young people’s relationships with their parents. In particular, we show that the professional and financial situation of the parents is not the only determining factor of the decisions made by young people; the quality of young people’s relationships with their parents also has an influence on their decisions.","PeriodicalId":38830,"journal":{"name":"Economie et Statistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88956051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The Links between Saving Rates, Income and Uncertainty: An Analysis based on the 2011 Household Budget Survey 储蓄率、收入与不确定性的关系:基于2011年家庭预算调查的分析
Economie et Statistique Pub Date : 2020-04-17 DOI: 10.24187/ecostat.2019.513.2000
C. Antonin
{"title":"The Links between Saving Rates, Income and Uncertainty: An Analysis based on the 2011 Household Budget Survey","authors":"C. Antonin","doi":"10.24187/ecostat.2019.513.2000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2019.513.2000","url":null,"abstract":"[eng] Using data from the 2010-2011 Insee Household Budget Survey (enquete Budget de famille), the article examines the links between the saving rate of French households and their income. It shows that the saving rate of the richest households increases with permanent income: they save more over their lifecycle. In addition, the empirical analysis makes it possible to identify and quantify a precautionary motive linked to the risk of unemployment: the precautionary motive leads to a surplus of savings flows of approximately 6.4% for working households. Furthermore, the proportion of precautionary wealth linked to uncertainty over future income is comparable, around 6.3% of overall wealth. Finally, the significance of the precautionary motive depends on the level of income, following an inverted U shaped curve: it is almost twice as strong for households in the third and fourth quintiles than for the extreme income quintiles.","PeriodicalId":38830,"journal":{"name":"Economie et Statistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72497671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Discrimination in Access to Housing: A Test on Urban Areas in Metropolitan France 住房歧视:对法国大城市地区的检验
Economie et Statistique Pub Date : 2020-04-17 DOI: 10.24187/ecostat.2019.513.2004
J. Gallo, Yannick L’Horty, L. Parquet, P. Petit
{"title":"Discrimination in Access to Housing: A Test on Urban Areas in Metropolitan France","authors":"J. Gallo, Yannick L’Horty, L. Parquet, P. Petit","doi":"10.24187/ecostat.2019.513.2004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2019.513.2004","url":null,"abstract":"[eng] We measure the extent of discrimination in access to rental housing in the private sector using a test in the 50 largest urban areas in Metropolitan France, covering several grounds of discrimination: age, origin, place of residence and combinations thereof. The protocol consisted of sending, between June and December 2016, five fictitious applications in response to a selection of 5,000 advertisements for private rental housing spread throughout Metropolitan France. We check whether discrimination in access to housing depends on the characteristics of the applicants, those of the advertiser and those of the local context. We do not highlight any discrimination based on the applicant’s age. We do find a positive effect of reporting living in low-rent housing or in a housing estate. We also find significant discrimination according to origin, which penalises applicants whose surnames and first names indicate a North African or African origin.","PeriodicalId":38830,"journal":{"name":"Economie et Statistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79354710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Price Elasticity of Electricity Demand in France 法国电力需求的价格弹性
Economie et Statistique Pub Date : 2020-04-17 DOI: 10.24187/ecostat.2019.513.2002
S. Auray, V. Caponi, Benoît Ravel
{"title":"Price Elasticity of Electricity Demand in France","authors":"S. Auray, V. Caponi, Benoît Ravel","doi":"10.24187/ecostat.2019.513.2002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2019.513.2002","url":null,"abstract":"[eng] Competition and climate becoming more important for electricity production and consumption, market operators are increasingly interested in reliable forecasts of electricity prices and consumption for planning their investments and regulating policies. Key for good forecasts is understanding the consumers’ reaction to price changes, synthesized by the concept of elasticity. Using a unique dataset of millions of bi-annual meter readings of electricity consumption in France from 2007 to 2015, we estimate the price elasticity of electricity expenditure of private households. We propose three specifications: a canonical one that regresses electricity consumption on a price per kilowatt/hour, where we find an elasticity equal to -0.8, a result remarkably in line and corroborating previous literature; a specification that follows Filippini’s (1995) model of an Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS), in which we substantially replicate his results; and finally, an extension of the latter that allows elasticities to be season-dependent that shows the demand of electricity being more elastic in summer.","PeriodicalId":38830,"journal":{"name":"Economie et Statistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80131336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Forty Years of Change in Labour Supply and Demand by Skill Level – Technical Progress, Labour Costs and Social Change 按技能水平划分的劳动力供求变化四十年——技术进步、劳动力成本与社会变迁
Economie et Statistique Pub Date : 2020-01-06 DOI: 10.24187/ecostat.2019.510t.1991
Dominique Goux, E. Maurin
{"title":"Forty Years of Change in Labour Supply and Demand by Skill Level – Technical Progress, Labour Costs and Social Change","authors":"Dominique Goux, E. Maurin","doi":"10.24187/ecostat.2019.510t.1991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2019.510t.1991","url":null,"abstract":"[eng] In France, the proportion of unskilled non manual jobs is higher today than forty years ago, especially in personal service sectors. However, these unskilled jobs are only growing in occupations where employers enjoy significant reductions in social contributions and only in periods when these reductions are mplemented. Throughout the same period, the diffusion of new technologies systematically appears to be favourable to higher and intermediate level occupations. Technological change contributes less to a polarisation between higher level and lower level jobs than to the emergence of a society where intermediate level jobs take an increasingly central place. However, the joint rise in higher and intermediate level jobs is not strong enough to absorb the influx of high school and college graduates. An increasing number of graduates are forced to compete with less educated workers in lower level job positions. The result is both an increase in the occupational downgrading of graduates and the persistence of very high unemployment rates for non graduates.","PeriodicalId":38830,"journal":{"name":"Economie et Statistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86068529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Economic Growth and Household Purchasing Power in France: Key Changes Since 1960 法国的经济增长和家庭购买力:1960年以来的主要变化
Economie et Statistique Pub Date : 2020-01-06 DOI: 10.24187/ecostat.2019.510t.1987
D. Blanchet, Fabrice Lenseigne
{"title":"Economic Growth and Household Purchasing Power in France: Key Changes Since 1960","authors":"D. Blanchet, Fabrice Lenseigne","doi":"10.24187/ecostat.2019.510t.1987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2019.510t.1987","url":null,"abstract":"[eng] In France, recent economic trends have rekindled the feeling of divergence between global economic growth and changes in purchasing power. Long series of national accounts help put this gap in perspective. More so than GDP, the most appropriate indicator for capturing changes in the living conditions of households is gross disposable income (GDI) per consumption unit. Several factors have combined to limit its rise since the 1960s and, despite its recent recovery, it has tended to stagnate over the last decade, as between the late 1970s and the 1980s. Overall, the picture over the past few decades is not one of a steadily rising standard of living. But national accounts do not support the hypothesis that it would have declined. Two factors may account for its perceived decline: consumption norms, that grow faster than consumption possibilities, and rising vertical or intergenerational inequalities. However, vertical inequalities have remained relatively stable and parity in living standards between workers and pensioners has been maintained as well. It will be more difficult to achieve such a parity in the future.","PeriodicalId":38830,"journal":{"name":"Economie et Statistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78090787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Labour Share Developments in OECD Countries Over the Past Two Decades 经合组织国家过去二十年的劳动份额发展
Economie et Statistique Pub Date : 2020-01-06 DOI: 10.24187/ecostat.2019.510t.1992
M. Pak, Pierre-Alain Pionnier, Cyrille Schwellnus
{"title":"Labour Share Developments in OECD Countries Over the Past Two Decades","authors":"M. Pak, Pierre-Alain Pionnier, Cyrille Schwellnus","doi":"10.24187/ecostat.2019.510t.1992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2019.510t.1992","url":null,"abstract":"[eng] Over the past two decades, real wage growth in many OECD countries has decou¬pled from labour productivity growth, as labour income shares have declined. This paper analyses the drivers of labour share developments using a combination of industry- and firm-level data. Technological change in the investment goods-producing sector and greater global value chain participation have compressed labour shares, but the effect of technological change has been significantly less pronounced for high-skilled workers. Countries with falling labour shares have witnessed both a decline at the technological frontier and a reallocation of market shares toward “superstar” firms with low labour shares. The decline at the technological frontier mainly reflects the entry of firms with low labour shares into the frontier rather than a decline of labour shares in incumbent frontier firms, suggesting that thus far this process is mainly explained by technological dynamism rather than anti-competitive forces.","PeriodicalId":38830,"journal":{"name":"Economie et Statistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80477422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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