ASM Science Journal最新文献

{"title":"The The Impact of Sodium Perylene-3, 4, 9, 10-Tetracarboxylate Surfactant Concentration on the Yield of Liquid Phase Exfoliated Graphene Sheets","authors":"N. Ahmad","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1295","url":null,"abstract":"The graphene sheets were aqueous processed via simple method liquid phase exfoliation. Sodium perylene-3, 4, 9, 10-tetracarboxylate (NaPTCA) were used as surfactant to assist the exfoliation process. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of NaPTCA concentration on the yield of liquid phase exfoliation of graphite to graphene sheets. The degree of exfoliation was found to be greatly influenced upon the concentration of NaPTCA surfactant. 1.0 mgmL-1 was identified as the optimal NaPTCA concentration as the graphene produced had a distinct x-ray diffraction crystallinity, scanning electron microscopic image features, high concentration of graphene dispersion (0.154 mgmL-1) and high conductivity values (751.88 Sm-1) in 2-probe electrical measurements, all of which comparison are much favourably with typical values obtained for multi-layer graphene. Hence, this simple approach for liquid-phase graphite exfoliation provides decent potential for mass production of high-quality graphene for a wide range of applications in energy storage, optical, and electronic areas.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44497842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Different Established Genomic Extraction Methods for Scleractinian Coral","authors":"Muhammad Irsyad Abiyusfi Ghafari, R. Agus, M. Litaay","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1268","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on coral genetics have been widely used recently for varied research purposes, including to solve the taxonomical challenge or to understand the physiological-ecological aspects of corals towards climate change. While the information provided by coral genome is crucial for those works, isolation of coral genome is still a difficult preliminary step due to coral's nature. This study aimed to evaluate and to suggest the best application of among four established methods for DNA extraction from scleractinian coral, i.e., Guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl), Chelex chelating resin, Guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform (AGPC), and spin-column methods. Coral samples were grounded and submitted to each extraction method's protocol. Final extracts were checked for their quality and quantity. The final extracts feasibility were tested through PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), followed by electrophoresis for amplicon quality screening. The scoring was done for assessment aspects: time efficiency, successful extraction process, extracted DNA quantity and quality, final extract properness, and cost effort per sample. The highest DNA concentration was obtained by spin-column methods, reaching up to 724.31 ng/µl, while other methods can only provide between 264.94±36.453 to 378.19±0 ng/µl of DNA. Among all method tested, the spin-column was able to provide reproducible and feasible quality of final extracts for the amplification. Other methods were failed to provide such consistent and proper results. The results suggesthat the spin-column is the most appropriate method for DNA isolation from scleractinian specimen.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46322695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiproliferative Effect of Carrageenans on Epidermoid Carcinoma (A431NS) Cells Through Inhibition of DNA Synthesis and Translationally- Controlled Tumour Protein (TPT1) Gene Expression","authors":"H. Thevanayagam, S. Mohamed, W. Chu, Z. Eshak","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1213","url":null,"abstract":"Carrageenans are polysaccharide constituents of red seaweed cell walls used in food and medicine as well as thickening agents and excipients in cosmetics and skincare products. Carrageenans have antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic properties that could potentially cause antiproliferative effects against cancer cells. The primary aim of this study was to assess the antiproliferative effect of iota (ι) and kappa (κ)-carrageenan as well as their combination with α-tocopherol on epidermoid carcinoma (A431NS) cells concerning DNA synthesis and translationally-controlled tumour protein (TPT1) gene expression. Carrageenans exhibited cytotoxic effects against A431NS cells with CD50<100ug/ml and an antiproliferative effect in a concentration-dependent manner after 24, 48 and 72 hours of treatment by inhibiting DNA synthesis in these cells. The expression of the TPT1 gene increased significantly (p<0.05) in untreated A431NS cells. However, the expression was either lowered or completely suppressed in groups treated with carrageenans and/or α-tocopherol compared to the untreated cells. This study indicates that carrageenans can exhibit an antiproliferative effect via inhibition of DNA synthesis and downregulation of TPT1 gene expression in A431NS cells. The anticancer activity of carrageenans deserves further studies to explore their potential applications as an ingredient in cosmetics or skin care products for the prevention of skin cancer.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42715424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural Network Model in Forecasting Malaysia’s Unemployment Rates","authors":"W. Z. Wan Husin, Noor Syameera ‘Aina Abdullah, Nurul Anies Suraya Young Rockie, Siti Sarah Mohd Sabri","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1062","url":null,"abstract":"Neural networks (NN) have been widely applied in time series forecasting. This study aims to develop basic NN models for forecasting the unemployment rate in Malaysia by gender. The yearly unemployment rate of thirty-eight years from the year 1982 to 2019 was obtained from the Department of Statistics Malaysia. In addition, datasets of gross domestic product, inflation and population rates extracted from the World Bank Data website were used as input variables in developing the NN models. Several NN models with different number of hidden nodes were developed and evaluated. Results showed that the best model for the male population was the NN model with four hidden nodes in one hidden layer whereas the NN model with two hidden nodes in one hidden layer was the best for the female population. Additionally, it can be concluded that the trend for the future unemployment rate in Malaysia for male and female population in the next ten years will be gradually constant throughout the year starting from 2020 to 2030.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44299648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bulk Recycling of Ni-Cr-Mo Dental Alloy - A Sustainable Approach","authors":"Sumeet Batra, Xitij Detroja, Akash Biradar, J. K., Nada Z. Mohammed, Rijesh M","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1318","url":null,"abstract":"Many dental alloy manufacturers instruct not to recast alloys, but the dental laboratories reuse the casting surplus for economic reasons. It is a controversial topic in dental practice, so the present study attempts to assess the effects of recasting Ni-Cr-Mo alloys. Three sets of alloy pellets were recast. The first set was melted and allowed to solidify. The second and third sets were recast two times and three times, respectively. The elemental composition of all the recast samples was analysed using ED-XRF (Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence) spectrometer. The variation in the chemical composition for the number of recasting was reported. It was observed that the recasting for one time doesn't change the elemental composition to a considerable extent. However, further increase in the number of recasting two and three times, the depletion of the major alloying elements (Ni, Cr, and Mo) was notable. Hence, the current study intends to calculate the exact amount of the depleted elements after each recast. Also, to have a theoretical analysis of the elements necessary for making a master alloy that can be added during the recasting to avoid changes in elemental composition. Moreover, the microstructure of the recast samples was observed using an optical electron microscope (OEM). No drastic variation in the microstructure was observed for the alloy with several melting and solidifying cycles, except for the orientation of the dendritic arm. Furthermore, to confirm the mechanical strength of the recast alloy Vickers microhardness test was conducted. The average microhardness of the base Ni-Cr-Mo alloy was 216 HV, and recasting once does not affect the hardness value. However, the three-time recast alloy showed only a 9% decrement. Finally, it can be concluded that the number of recasting can be as many times provided depleted elements are added in exact proportion after each recast. The current research suggests recycling dental alloys in bulk outside a dental clinic, and a dentist should responsibly segregate different base metal alloys and promote sustainable dentistry.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41849746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Constituents from Macaranga lowii King ex Hook.f. (Euphorbiaceae) and Their Effects on Antioxidant Activity","authors":"Aisyah Salihah Kamarozaman","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1046","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Macaranga comprises about 300 species worldwide and is commonly distributed in the tropical region of Africa, Southeast Asia, China and India. The plant of this genus was reported to possess various medicinal properties which have been traditionally used to treat various illnesses such as fungal infection, malaria, stomachache, and diarrhoea. This genus also contains many phenolic compounds, particularly prenylated flavonoids and stilbenoids, followed by terpenoids and tannins. The phytochemical study on the crude acetone extract from the stem bark of Macaranga lowii was carried out to isolate chemical constituents using several chromatographic techniques and characterise the structure of the isolated compounds using various spectroscopic methods. The powdered stem bark of M. lowii (2.05 kg) was macerated in acetone for 24 hours at room temperature and repeated three times. The crude extract (38.8 g) was dissolved in methanol (200 mL) and fractionated with diethyl ether to reduce tannin and yield a crude extract with less tannin (10.9 g). The crude extract was subjected to vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) to give nine semi-purified fractions (ML1-9). Fractionation and purification of fraction ML2 (448 mg) yielded compound 1 (6.2 mg) and 3 (0.3 mg). Fraction ML7 (220 mg) was subjected to radial chromatography (RC) to give a pure compound 2 (2.1 mg). The compounds were elucidated using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis), Infrared (IR) and Mass spectrometry (MS), as well as comparison with the previous literature. Two phenolic compounds namely pentadecyl ferulate (1) and scopoletin (2) together with a sterol known as stigmasterol (3) were purified successfully from the stem bark of M. lowii. Scopoletin (2) exhibited moderate activity against DPPH radical scavenging with the IC50 value of 34.82 mM.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45406781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severity Impact of a Vapour Cloud Explosion (VCE) – Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Road Tanker Accident","authors":"Z. A. Rashid","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1086","url":null,"abstract":"An explosion accident from a road tanker while carrying hazardous materials can have a dangerous effect on road users and the surrounding area through which the road tanker passes. Based on the evidence of the accident case involving the road tanker reported, it shows that this accident case can cause death and destruction to the surrounding property. In Malaysia, several cases of accidents involving road tankers have also occurred. Among the methods used to determine the impact of a road tanker explosion is the use of the consequences analysis method. Currently, there is limited number of software that can be used to determine the impact of a road tanker explosion accident that carries explosive chemicals such as butadiene, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), etc. However, there are weaknesses in the display of the impact results plotted on the map. Where the impact of the explosion is only shown to the 3 main zones, namely building damage, serious injury, and glass breakage. In this paper, the enhanced contour profile method on the impact of an LPG road tanker explosion on human and structural damage is shown.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47606848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations In Composition and Activity of Matricaria Pubescens (Desf.) Schultz Harvested from Different Regions in Algeria","authors":"Mohammed Tahar Tahar BEN-MOUSSA, A. Ouahab, Hassina Harkat, Samia Lekhel, Y. Hadef","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2022.1433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2022.1433","url":null,"abstract":"Matricaria pubescens is traditionally used as a postpartum antihemorrhagic and to treat digestive disorders. The aim of this study is to determine the total amounts of phenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins, hydrolysable tannins, anthocyanins and total antioxidant capacity of samples from different regions and periods in Algeria in order to guide the selection of varieties and the period of harvest. The analysis was carried out by Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and DPPH radical scavenging capacity. The methanolic extracts of the aerial parts of 8 varieties of Matricaria pubescens were tested. The results indicated that these varieties had strong radical scavenging capacity as well as a strong reducing antioxidant power. The average contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins, hydrolysable tannins and anthocyanins were 1.58 ± 0.33, 38.44 ± 10.77, 0.63 ± 0.2, 1.22 ± 1.55 and 0.39 ± 0.13 mg/g of dry matter, respectively, with the highest contents found in the samples harvested from the region of Ouargla. The Ferric reducing antioxidant power was positively correlated with the contents of hydrolysable tannins which play a major role in the antioxidant properties. Samples were divided into two groups by cluster analysis and variables measured. These results are useful for the selection of varieties and as guidance for their harvest. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45376251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Coprostanol, Epi-Coprostanol and Cholesterol in Evaluating Potential Sewage Input from Downstream River towards Marine Environment","authors":"Munirah Abdul Zali","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2022.1053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2022.1053","url":null,"abstract":"Contamination of sewage is a major concern in the river and marine environments since sewage can cause disease and ecosystem health problems. Worldwide, coprostanol, coprostanol and epi-coprostanol were used in sewage assessment due to their resistance towards environmental stressor. This study assessed the distribution of coprostanol, epi-coprostanol and cholesterol in the particulate of sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents and river water samples. The targeted analytes were extracted using sonication and quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The potential sewage pollution in the river and marine environments were assessed using diagnostic approach and linear regression technique. Based on the result, cholesterol (mean = 15.6 mg L-1) was found to be higher than coprostanol (mean = 6.0 mg L-1) and epi coprostanol (mean= 2.3 mg L-1) in STPs samples. Similar to STPs, cholesterol (mean= 4.6 mg L-1) also was detected higher than coprostanol (mean= 2.4 mg L-1) and epi-coprostanol (mean= 2.4 mg L-1) in the river water samples. The double plot ratios of epi-coprostanol/cholesterol versus epi-coprostanol/coprostanol revealed the discharge of treated and untreated sewage into the river water. The river water samples were impacted by treated sewage and non-human sources. The linear regression analysis indicates potential moderate to high increasing trend (p<0.05) of sewage discharge towards downstream of the river. These findings provide an enhanced means in assessing sewage contamination input into the river and its potential effect towards the marine ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42563381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WADA Prohibited List: The Benefits of Combining Pharmacology, Medicine, and Law","authors":"A. Al-Dafrawi","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2022.1291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2022.1291","url":null,"abstract":"The yearning to win sports competitions has led some athletes to dope. Doping in sports is a real threat to the ‘Spirit of Sport’ and fairness. The pharmacokinetics of performance-enhancing drugs differ, as do their effects and purposes of use. As one of the most effective and decisive solutions, the idea to issue a prohibited list came to raise the legal awareness level among athletes about the types of prohibited substances and methods they have to avoid and in which time specifically. In addition, for the sake of broader and more comprehensive cooperation between the law, medicine, and pharmacology, to confront the phenomenon, and limit it to the narrowest possible scope on the other hand. The idea to issue the prohibited list came. Historical, descriptive, and legal approaches are employed in conducting this review. Additionally, the method of conceptual analysis is used to discover the exact normative terminology. The most significant finding for this review is that the issuance of the Prohibited List brought greater stability to sporting events. Its annual issuance is legal proof in front of everyone (countries, international sports organisations, and athletes).","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48940873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}