{"title":"Shopping and Basket Analysis by Using an Improved Apriori Algorithm in WEKA","authors":"Shahab H. Kaka Ali, Ibrahim Berkan Aydilek","doi":"10.53898/josse2021126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53898/josse2021126","url":null,"abstract":"In the past years, e-commerce and online shopping grew fast. It became more helpful by letting people buy the desired product online. Also, to help their users to find the product of their desire easily and make the process simpler, the online shopping websites use some kinds of an algorithm to provide recommendation systems. Often, these systems use techniques like basket analyzing and association rules which is finding the relation between the products together or between users too, so apriori algorithm is one of the famous ones among the recommendation systems. Although it has some limitations while implementing which makes the algorithm less confident or even useless, Let us assume we have 100K records in the sold item list in a system in which about 10K refers to the customers buying only one or two items in their purchase. Therefore, this ten per cent will not affect finding the relation between the items, at the same time these records will make the system less efficient and take more time to analyze, in this paper, we try to show how we can improve the apriori algorithm efficiency and accuracy by some preprocessing on the dataset before applying apriori algorithm by eliminating the unnecessary records, this process helps to make the algorithm better because of reducing the number of transactions, hence finding strong relationships between items easier for the rest of the records.","PeriodicalId":388003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Studies in Science and Engineering","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114840967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Factors Immigration from Southern and Capital of Iraq to Erbil City on Local Economic Geographic","authors":"Dashti Hussain Ali","doi":"10.53898/josse2021125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53898/josse2021125","url":null,"abstract":"People generally seek a better life, so most of them migrate to countries and places that help them improve their standard of living or escape from political turmoil and wars. Still, migration may constitute a set of effects on migrants and the countries to which they go. Migration affects some individuals by making it difficult for them to adapt to the nature of life in the new region, especially with the emergence of cultural and social differences, and also many immigrants do not find anything but difficult jobs that take long working hours and low wages complex migration affects countries with high population density, which leads to an increase in the unemployment rate poverty and the emergence of many political and economic consequence.\u0000This study seeks many factors and reasons that lead to immigration from the southern and capital of Iraq to Erbil city. The researchers built his information by ddistributing200 questioner and obtained 186 Usable with ignoring 14 nonusable. The result observed that there is no significant correlation between the independent variable (internal migration) and the dependent variable (economic geography), depending on the value of the statistical significance (0.05), whose value was more significant than the level of significance (0.05), and this indicates that internal migration has nothing to do with the changes taking place in economic geography.","PeriodicalId":388003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Studies in Science and Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123909634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Social Media on Engineers Related Tasks","authors":"Hawkar A. Haji, A. Hamza, K. O. Ahmed","doi":"10.53898/josse2021124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53898/josse2021124","url":null,"abstract":"In the beginning of 21st Century, Social Media developed and influenced on all aspects of modern lifestyle. Nowadays, Social Media is not only an entertainment and social networking tool, but also can be supposed as a way of linking different businesses, marketing, management, construction industry. Furthermore, it provides a framework for people around the world to interconnect, share information, and interrelate with each other. This study includes an investigation about the effects of Social Media on engineering related tasks, for this purpose, a questionnaire survey was performed for engineers with different gender, ages, and engineering status. Kurdistan Region-Iraq is the case study of this survey, the results of this study reveal that Social Media is one of the mostly used by engineers. It is also illustrated that Google, YouTube and Facebook are the mostly used platforms.","PeriodicalId":388003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Studies in Science and Engineering","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128980730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Education in the Virtual Space: A Sustainable Strategy for Achieving Tension-free and Inclusive Learning in COVID-19 Dispensation","authors":"Moses Obla, E. Ukabi","doi":"10.53898/josse2021122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53898/josse2021122","url":null,"abstract":"Apart from scalable classrooms, learning in virtual space for pro-technology and pro-Internet generation contributes significantly to developing their inherent domains. This process manifests through the use of digital materials, making the pedagogical scheme enjoyable, catchy, innovative, and inclusive. Today’s staggering educational challenges of tertiary institutions, because of the COVID-19 Pandemic, call for operational rejig. Still alarming is the difficulty of containing the recent evolution into variants. Sequel to this, different countries adopted various strategies to achieve tension-free and inclusive learning environments as part of the ‘new normal.’ This study addresses the pertinence: Could the use of virtual spaces for instructional delivery constitute sustainable strategies for tension-free, and more inclusive, methods of educating learners during and after COVID-19 dispensation? To answer this question, we adopted a theory-based adaptation conceptual approach and inside-outside approach and brought the Nigerian situation into focus where virtual learning was sceptically debunked because of operational and policy slackness. This study agreed with the positive potentials of virtual space and disagrees with earlier studies deficient at uncertainty variables. Based on these, recommends areas of gaps filling in developing countries’ education systems, who stopped learning during the pandemic period for future adoption and adaptation.","PeriodicalId":388003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Studies in Science and Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134394895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of Lower Prosthetic Limb Using Additive Manufacturing Processes","authors":"Muhammad Osama","doi":"10.53898/josse2021123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53898/josse2021123","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an approach for designing a prosthetic limb using SolidWorks. The process of stereolithography helped manufacture the prosthetic limb due to the flexibility in the provided parameters. The designed leg weighs 4kg approx. The entire weight acts on the sole of the leg. The sole again underwent a SolidWorks simulation with the application of a 1200N load. The preferred material - TPU - was selected after considering all the factors. The manuscript proceeds with a financial analysis to get a price estimate for the manufacturing of each part of the limb, which is a crucial factor.","PeriodicalId":388003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Studies in Science and Engineering","volume":"548 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123916532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scheduling and Synchronization Algorithms in Operating System: A Survey","authors":"Mohammed Y. Shakor","doi":"10.53898/josse2021121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53898/josse2021121","url":null,"abstract":"An operating system is software that is designed to manage computer hardware and software resources. However, this management requires applying an ample number of techniques and algorithms which are called synchronization and scheduling. The scheduling algorithms are used to arrange the way that the CPU is assigned to the processes, while synchronization is utilized to indicate how to work with multi-processes at the same time. Therefore, they are related to each other. CPU scheduling is a vital phenomenon of an operating system. At present, numerous CPU scheduling algorithms exist as First Come First Serve) FCFS(, Shortest Job First (SJF), Shortest Remaining Time First (SRTF), Priority Scheduling, and Round Robin (RR). In this paper, a survey of the current synchronization and scheduling algorithms have been presented. An overview of each technique with the main algorithms have been described in detail with the advantages and the issues of each algorithm. Furthermore, this paper has dug deep into the real-time operating system scheduling issues, which is the current trend in operating system researches.","PeriodicalId":388003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Studies in Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126072709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Covid-19 and Functionality: By Providing Social Distancing of Indoor Common Spaces in Residential Building","authors":"Salahaddin Yasin Bapir, S. Kareem","doi":"10.53898/josse2021115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53898/josse2021115","url":null,"abstract":"Before the COVID-19 pandemic, people spent on average around 90% of their time indoors. Nowadays, more than ever, with work-from-home commands in place, it is important that they rethink the design and procedure of buildings. Indoor common space parameters straight affect the comfort and well-being of occupants. After COVID-19 cooperates, occupants are at increased danger for many infections make worse by social distancing. The aim of this study, to assess how to provide social distancing by evaluating the functionality of the plan type on the common indoor spaces in the multi-story apartment buildings in Erbil City. The methodology in this study integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches to increase the accuracy of the research results. This study chose ten different floor plan types of multi-story apartment buildings established on space syntax (software design) analysis, and one primary syntactical indicator is visual connectivity. This research study responds to two questions that discover the effects of functionality in indoor common spaces to provide social distancing of residents. The results determined that the layout design of the apartment space influences the social distancing of areas. Therefore, the results preferred the single-loaded corridor (gallery) plan over other types to provide social distancing post-COVID-19. The research establishes a foundation for future design and offers visions for new study instructions besides findings.","PeriodicalId":388003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Studies in Science and Engineering","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131883534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison Between Mass Attenuation Coefficient of Metals (Fe, Ag, Sn, Pt, Au, Pb) According to Their Atomic Number","authors":"V. J. Jalal, Bawar Mohammed Faraj, S. Abdulkareem","doi":"10.53898/josse2021114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53898/josse2021114","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the X-ray attenuation in materials according to their atomic number, using six different materials from low atomic number to higher atomic number, Iron (Fe-26) as low atomic number, silver (Ag-47), tin (Sn-50), platinum (Pt-78), gold (Au-79) and lead (Pb-82) as high atomic number. Using the data were taken from the NIST Standard Reference Database 126. From the J. H. Hubbell and S. M. Seltzer work, a table of contents was used. Whereas The mass attenuation coefficient for the above six elements was taken and compared with each other.","PeriodicalId":388003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Studies in Science and Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125542233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison Between Steepest Descent Method and Conjugate Gradient Method by Using Matlab","authors":"Dana Taha Mohammed Salih, Bawar Mohammed Faraj","doi":"10.53898/josse2021113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53898/josse2021113","url":null,"abstract":"The Steepest descent method and the Conjugate gradient method to minimize nonlinear functions have been studied in this work. Algorithms are presented and implemented in Matlab software for both methods. However, a comparison has been made between the Steepest descent method and the Conjugate gradient method. The obtained results in Matlab software has time and efficiency aspects. It is shown that the Conjugate gradient method needs fewer iterations and has more efficiency than the Steepest descent method. On the other hand, the Steepest descent method converges a function in less time than the Conjugate gradient method.","PeriodicalId":388003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Studies in Science and Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128919713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saya Ahmad, Lawen A. Karim, Binay O. Rahim, Ashkan Azad
{"title":"An Inquiry About the Roles and Duties of Architects in the Public Sector: Sulaimani Governorate as the Study Field","authors":"Saya Ahmad, Lawen A. Karim, Binay O. Rahim, Ashkan Azad","doi":"10.53898/josse2021112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53898/josse2021112","url":null,"abstract":"Architects throughout the time being experienced many roles in different times, while there have always been unclear what architects underwent and practised was their actual duty. This research tries to find proper answers about architects' duties, roles, and struggles in the Iraqi Kurdistan region. For this reason, questionnaires were applied to ask both the architects and administrative managers in Sulaimani governorate/department of building construction. We find out that the main role of an architect in the Sulaimani governorate is mainly designing projects. However, they are involved in managerial roles as project supervisors destined by the governorate and also another role of the architect is checking the drawings of the projects designed outside of this administration office. Another finding was that the architects in the Sulaimani governorate or Iraqi Kurdistan region generally face the problem that their works are done by other specialists, which sometimes cause some domain faults in the works and do not have enough or proper area to work in.","PeriodicalId":388003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Studies in Science and Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114591143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}