Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift最新文献

{"title":"The Sanctuaries in Uppsala and Lejre and their Literary Antecedents","authors":"Rudolf Simek","doi":"10.7146/rt.v74i.132104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/rt.v74i.132104","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Much weight has been attached to the description of a pagan cult at Uppsala written about in Adam of Bremen’s Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae pontificum, although this description was already anachronistic by the time he wrote in the 1070s. Many scholars have tried to salvage some hard historical information both from Adam’s imaginative text and the even more fanciful information contained in the scholia to the text which were added later. Little attention, however, has been paid to the literary sources used by this well-read scholar who had a substantial library at his disposal, let alone oral sources. This paper tries to highlight the use Adam has made of a description about a cult at Lejre on Zealand in the Chronicon written by Thietmar of Merseburg three quarters of a century earlier. It also asks for the motivations behind those two descriptions. \u0000RESUME: Stor vægt er blevet tillagt beskrivelsen af en hedensk kult i Uppsala, der beskrives i Adam af Bremens Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae pontificum, selvom denne beskrivelse allerede var anakronistisk, da han skrev i 1070'erne. Mange forskere har forsøgt at redde nogle hårde historiske oplysninger ud af både Adams fantasifulde tekst og den endnu mere fantasifulde information indeholdt i scholia til teksten, som blev tilføjet senere. Der har dog været ringe opmærksomhed omkring de litterære kilder, der blev brugt af denne lærde mand, som havde et betydeligt bibliotek til rådighed samt mundtlige kilder. Denne artikel forsøger at fremhæve den brug, Adam har gjort af en beskrivelse af en kult ved Lejre på Sjælland i Chronicon skrevet af Thietmar fra Merseburg trekvart århundrede tidligere. Også motivationerne bag disse to beskrivelser undersøges.","PeriodicalId":38779,"journal":{"name":"Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86703586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frigg’s Cunning","authors":"Henning Haglskær Kure","doi":"10.7146/rt.v74i.132096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/rt.v74i.132096","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY: This article applies the initiation model, developed by Jens Peter Schjødtas a tool to identify themes of initiation in Old Norse myths, to the prose introductionof the eddic poem Grímnismál. After having introduced Schjødt’s initiation model, thearticle contextualises the prose introduction within the themes of the myth found in thepoem; then, it applies the initiation model to the prose text’s figures of Geirrøðr andAgnarr; and, lastly, it focusses on the cunning role of Frigg in the prose. This leads tothe suggestion that the myth that frames Grímnismál may be a story aboutcontextualizing war and warrior ways in a society of peace, with initiation as an idealtool of 'civilizing' the ruling powers. \u0000RESUME: Denne artikel anvender initiationsmodellen, udviklet af Jens Peter Schjødtsom et værktøj til at identificere initiationstematikker i norrøne myter, påprosaintroduktionen af eddadigtet Grímnismál. Efter at have introduceret Schjødtsinitiationsmodel, kontekstualiserer artiklen prosaintroduktionen inden for de mytisketemaer, der findes i digtet, dernæst anvender den initiationsmodellen på prosatekstensfigurer Geirrøðr og Agnarr og slutteligt fokuserer den på Friggs listige rolle i teksten.Dette leder til forslaget, at myten, der omrammer Grímnismál, kan være en fortællingom at kontekstualisere krig og krigeres adfærd i et samfund bygget på fred medinitiation som et ideelt værktøj til at ‘civilisere’ de herskende magter.","PeriodicalId":38779,"journal":{"name":"Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75548783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming, Transgressing and Terrorizing","authors":"C. Raudvere","doi":"10.7146/rt.v74i.132137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/rt.v74i.132137","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The article discusses some werewolf motifs in Swedish ballads, which tell of shapeshifters of ambiguous character that change between a human and a non-human body, dwell in spaces on the fringe of the human world, and have potential to intrude into the world of humans. Some of them represent a harsh untamed wilderness, others dangers, threats, or misbehaviour inside the human community. All religious imaginaries have fantastic things to tell: myths from before time, truths about the present, and hopes for the future. But no worldview can move beyond a recognizable everyday world, and the problems presented must be relevant. Did people believe in the content of the supernatural ballads? We should rather ask whether people were able to mirror their lives and nightmares in them. \u0000SAMMANDRAG: Artikeln diskuterar framställningen av varulvar de framträder i några svenska ballader. Dessa förmedlar bilder av varelser med tvetydig karaktär och som kan skifta mellan mänsklig och icke-mänsklig kropp, uppehålla sig på gränsen mellan det djuriska och mänskliga och med potential att tränga långt in i människornas värld. Några av dem representerar det otämjt vilda, andra faror, hot och missgärningar i den mänskliga gemenskapen. Alla religiösa bildvärldar har fantastiska saker att förmedla: myter från före tidens gryning, sanningar om det nuvarande och hopp om framtiden. Men ingen världsbild kan röra sig bortom det vardagligt gripbara och problemen som formuleras måste vara relevanta. Trodde människor verkligen på de övernaturliga tematikerna i balladerna? Vi kanske hellre ska fråga om de kunde spegla sina liv och mardrömmar i dem.","PeriodicalId":38779,"journal":{"name":"Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84731455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ritualstruktur og ritualklassifikation 2.0","authors":"M. Q. Fibiger","doi":"10.7146/rt.v74i.132102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/rt.v74i.132102","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: In 1992, Jens Peter Schjødt wrote a very informative article in Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift on the structure and classification of rituals. The article introduces to some of the basic features of rites of passage and also gives suggestions to how these can be classified into different types. A focal point in this connection is to understand the ritual as either direct or indirect communication respectively, and its presumed efficacy. Here it is particularly important to look at the “before” and the “after” of the ritual. From my point of view, the article is a really good starting point for introducing the meaning(s) of rituals to students, especially with a few additions. The aim of the present article is firstly to give a systematic overview of JPS’ main arguments with a few additional comments, secondly to broaden out the communicative perspective. This is partly done with the addition of Roy Rappaports differentiation between auto- and allo-communication and my own suggested category called exterioris communication. \u0000RESUME: I 1992 skrev Jens Peter Schjødt en meget oplysende artikel om ritualstruktur og ritualklassifikation i Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift. I artiklen introduceres læseren ikke kun for nogle af de grundlæggende træk ved overgangsritualer, men også for forslag til, hvordan disse kan klassificeres i forskellige typer. Et centralt omdrejningspunkt er, at se på ritualet som henholdsvis indirekte og direkte kommunikation og på dets tillagte effikacitet. Her er det særligt interessant at se på ritualets før- og efter. Fra min synsvinkel er artiklen rigtig god at bruge når ritualet og dets forskellige betydninger skal introduceres for nye studerende. Dog gerne med et par enkelte tilføjelser. Målet med nærværende artikel er først at give en systematisk fremstilling af JPS' hovedpointer, tilknyttet et par forslag til uddybning, derefter at brede det kommunikative perspektiv ud. Det gøres bl.a. ved inddragelse af Roy Rappaports skelnen imellem autoog allo-kommunikation og min egen tilføjelse, som jeg kalder exterioris-kommunikation.","PeriodicalId":38779,"journal":{"name":"Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88446302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structures for the Transfer of Power in Ibn Fadlān’s Account of the Rus","authors":"E. Lyle","doi":"10.7146/rt.v74i.132099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/rt.v74i.132099","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: In Ibn Fadlān’s account of the Rus funeral, the Indo-European symbolic triad can be recognised in the sacrifice of three pairs of creatures and in the three pairs of men positioned at the neck, arms, and feet of the woman being sacrificed in the tent on board the ship. I suggest looking at the people in the tent as a set of those who are losing power which is about to be transferred to the new king. The deaths of the six creatures in pairs and the dog mentioned along with them can be interpreted as the deaths by proxy of the six men and the senior woman in the tent. The death of the young slave woman is the death by proxy of the queen, and also has a non-human counterpart in the hen killed by the young woman. When the dead man is included, there are nine people in the tent. According to the Indo-European model I have proposed, these could be the important people in the society who corresponded to nine of the ten gods in the pantheon, and both gods and humans can be regarded as enacting roles in a drama. The unrepresented tenth god would be the god of death, and the inauguration of the new king who lights the funeral pyre would apparently have included the sacrifice of a young man or his proxy corresponding to this god. \u0000RESUME: I Ibn Fadlāns beretning om en Rūs-begravelse kan den indoeuropæiske triade ses i ofringen af tre par dyr og i de tre par mænd, der står ved halsen, armene og fødderne af den kvinde, der bliver ofret i teltet ombord på skibet. Mit forslag er, at personerne i teltet ses som dem, der mister den magt, som er i færd med at blive overført til den nye konge. De seks dyr, der bliver dræbt, samt den hund, der nævnes sammen med dem, kan opfattes som stedfortrædere for de seks mænd samt den ældre kvinde i teltet, der alle sammen ’dør’. Den unge trælkvindes død kan ses som substitut for dronningens død, og også denne død har en ikke-menneskelig pendant i den høne, som den unge kvinde dræber. Inkluderes den afdøde mand, er der ni personer i teltet. Ifølge den indoeuropæiske model, som jeg har fremsat, kunne disse være de vigtige personer i samfundet, som er modstykke til ni af panteonets ti guder, og både guder og mennesker kan 140 Emily Lyle ses som aktører i dramaet. Den ikke-repræsenterede tiende gud er dødsguden, og indsættelsen af den nye konge, som antænder ligbålet, ville have involveret ofringen af en ung mand eller hans stedfortræder som pendant til denne gud.","PeriodicalId":38779,"journal":{"name":"Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83371084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ritual and Hierarchy in Old Norse Mythology","authors":"John Lindow","doi":"10.7146/rt.v74i.132098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/rt.v74i.132098","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Within Old Norse mythological narratives, the presence or absence of ritual establishes hierarchy. As exemplified in death ritual, ritual orders the two major classes of mythological beings, placing the Æsir (gods) above the jǫtnar (“giants”). In addition, the practice of ritual or ritual-like activity, resembling sacrifice, orders the class of the Æsir themselves, placing Óðinn above Þórr. \u0000RESUME: I de norrøne mytologiske narrativer etableres et hierarki igennem tilstedeværelsen og fraværet af ritualer. Dødsritualer er et eksempel på, at ritualer ordner de to store klasser af mytologiske væsner hierarkisk ved at placere aserne (guderne) over jætterne. Desuden rangeres aserne også hierarkisk indbyrdes igennem ritualer eller ritual-lignende aktiviteter, som minder om ofringer, idet Óðinn placeres over Þórr.","PeriodicalId":38779,"journal":{"name":"Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78788670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Earth as Body in Old Norse","authors":"J. Mckinnell","doi":"10.7146/rt.v74i.132122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/rt.v74i.132122","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: This article investigates two of three main ways outlined by Snorri Sturlusson in Gylfaginning in which Old Norse poets might refer to the earth in their poetry: By reference to the myth of the killing of Ymir as well as by reference to the immediate family of the goddess Jǫrð. By looking at the meaning of these references to the origins of the earth, the article investigates the underlying human ideas and reactions of these references. \u0000RESUME: Denne artikel undersøger to af tre hovedmåder skitseret af Snorri Sturlusson i Gylfaginning, hvorpå norrøne digtere kunne henvise til jorden i deres poesi: Gennem reference til myten om drabet på Ymir såvel som ved reference til gudinden Jǫrð’s nærmeste familie. Ved at se på betydningen af disse henvisninger til jordens oprindelse undersøger artiklen henvisningernes underliggende menneskelige ideer og reaktioner.","PeriodicalId":38779,"journal":{"name":"Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77227589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond ‘ása ok álfa’","authors":"Simon Nygaard","doi":"10.7146/rt.v74i.132108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/rt.v74i.132108","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: In the Poetic Edda, a multitude of understandings and ideas exist concerning the Otherworldly collective known as the álfar (Old Norse pl., sg. álfr). While the understandings are indeed many, they are not arbitrary. There seems to exist what Jens Peter Schjødt has termed a “semantic centre” for a number of “discourses” on the álfar. In this article, I will suggest various discourses of and construct a semantic centre for the álfar though an analysis of the stanzas of the Poetic Edda in which the álfar feature, supported when it is relevant by other Old Norse textual sources. I propose that constructing a semantic centre focusing on death and fertility, and thus viewing the álfar as chthonic beings, will help us make sense of the diversity in the discourses of the álfar in the eddic poems. \u0000RESUME: Der findes en mængde forestillinger i eddadigtningen om den gruppe andenverdensvæsner, der kendes under navnet álfar (norrønt pl., sg. álfr). Forestillingerne er mange, men de er ikke arbitrære. Der synes at eksistere hvad Jens Peter Schjødt kalder et “semantisk centrum” fra hvilket forskellige “diskurser” kan siges at udgå. I denne artikel vil jeg foreslå forskellige diskurser om og konstruere et semantisk centrum for álfar gennem en analyse af de eddastrofer, hvori álfar optræder. Jeg foreslår, at ved at konstruere et semantisk centrum forbundet med død og frugtbarhed og således forbinde álfar med det chthoniske, vil de forskelligartede diskurser om álfar i eddadigtningen give bedre mening.","PeriodicalId":38779,"journal":{"name":"Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80539457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Religion in the Viking Age Moral Economy","authors":"D. Taggart","doi":"10.7146/rt.v74i.132114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/rt.v74i.132114","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: On those rare occasions when Old Norse religion and morality are set alongside one another, the notion of a non-Christian morality is typically dismissed or Old Norse religion is viewed as actively holding back moral progress. I seek to challenge that rough consensus by examining lausavísa 19 by Egill Skallagrímsson, a short poem that seems to directly link gods with punishing certain forms of conduct. I approach the text with three research questions in mind: 1) Were the gods perceived as being aware of and concerned with human actions? 2) What types of transgressions do they seem to care about? 3) What is their perceived efficacy? Through this process, I seek to improve the modern understanding of the extent to which Old Norse deities were perceived as sympathetic to particular moralities and responsive to abuses against their followers. \u0000RESUME: I de sjældne tilfælde, hvor forskere sammenstiller norrøn religion og moral, bliver begrebet om en ikke-kristen moral typisk afvist, eller også anføres det, at norrøn religion aktivt modvirkede moralske fremskridt. Jeg argumenterer imod denne konsensus, idet jeg undersøger lausavísa 19 af Egill Skallagrímsson, et kort digt, som synes direkte at forbinde guder med straf for bestemte typer adfærd. Jeg tilgår teksten på baggrund af tre forskningsspørgsmål: 1) Blev guderne opfattet som værende opmærksomme på og optagede af menneskers handlinger? 2) Hvilke typer overtrædelser forekommer de at være opmærksomme på? 3) Er der en opfattelse af, at guderne handler imod sådanne overtrædelser? Igennem denne analyse søger jeg at forbedre den moderne forståelse af, i hvor høj grad norrøne guder af deres dyrkere blev opfattet som værende sympatisk indstillede over for bestemte typer moralsk opførsel, og hvorvidt de reagerede på deres dyrkeres overtrædelser.","PeriodicalId":38779,"journal":{"name":"Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84096167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kulturasetro i Danmark?","authors":"Uffe Schjødt, Lauritz H. Petersen, L. M. Christensen, Sidsel Marie Bjerregaard, Christian Qvortrup","doi":"10.7146/rt.v74i.132139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/rt.v74i.132139","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Inspired by the concept of Cultural Christianity, we investigate if something like Cultural Asatru exists in Denmark. A Cultural Asatru person may not believe in or worship the Old Norse gods, but may still identify with a pre-Christian heritage, believe that Danish values stem from Old Norse culture, and see Old Norse myths as original expressions of these values. We have used qualitative and quantitative methods to examine such beliefs and attitudes in 30 participants. The study was designed as a proof-of-concept study to evaluate whether cultural Asatru exists in Denmark, and if so, how this construct can be measured empirically. We find that national conservative Danes identify with Christian as well as Old Norse culture. The virtues of strength, courage, and vigor seem to be strongly associated with Old Norse heritage, while forgiveness, love, and compassion are associated with a Christian heritage. Gender equality, appreciation of nature, and the concept of Danishness appear to be associated more with Old Norse culture than with Christian culture. Strength and courage, which seem to express the essence of Old Norse culture, are heavily associated with the god Thor and the widespread wearing of Thor’s hammer pendants. \u0000RESUME: Vi undersøger danskernes forhold til oldnordisk kultur. Inspireret af begrebet kulturkristendom undersøger vi, om der også findes kulturasetro i Danmark. For at være kulturasetro behøver man hverken at tro på eller dyrke de hedenske guder. Til gengæld identificerer man sig med den oldnordiske kulturarv, anser danske værdier for at være oldnordiske og opfatter oldnordiske myter som oprindelige udtryk for disse værdier. Vi har undersøgt 30 deltageres forhold til oldnordisk kultur og mytologi ved hjælp af både kvalitative og kvantitative mål. Undersøgelsen er designet som et proof-of-concept studie, der i første omgang skal vurdere, om der overhovedet findes kulturasetro i Danmark. Vi finder i undersøgelsen, at nationalkonservative deltagere identificerer sig med både kristen og oldnordisk kultur. Generelt tilskrives værdier som styrke, mod og handlekraft en oldnordisk kultur, mens tilgivelse, kærlighed og barmhjertighed tilskrives en kristen kultur. Lighed mellem køn, naturglæde og selve begrebet danskhed forbindes i højere grad med oldnordisk kultur end med kristen kultur. Styrke og mod synes at udgøre selve essensen af oldnordisk kultur, og disse kerneværdier kædes sammen med guden Thor og med det at bære thorshammeren om halsen.","PeriodicalId":38779,"journal":{"name":"Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87626992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}