Clinical and Molecular Allergy最新文献

{"title":"Identification of allergens in coconut milk and oil with patients sensitized to coconut milk in Sri Lanka.","authors":"Janitha Iddagoda,&nbsp;Peshala Gunasekara,&nbsp;Shiroma Handunnetti,&nbsp;Chandima Jeewandara,&nbsp;Chandima Karunatilake,&nbsp;Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige,&nbsp;Rajiva de Silva,&nbsp;Dhanushka Dasanayake","doi":"10.1186/s12948-022-00181-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12948-022-00181-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the low prevalence of IgE sensitivity to fresh or boiled coconut milk and coconut oil, those may contain allergens of which the clinical significance remains undetermined. This study aimed to identify and compare allergens in fresh coconut milk (FCM), boiled coconut milk (BCM), unrefined wet-processed coconut oil (WPCO), and dry-processed coconut oil (DPCO) using sera from patients with allergy to coconut milk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 18 patients with immediate hypersensitivity to coconut milk, including five who developed anaphylaxis. Sensitization was assessed by skin prick test and ImmunoCAPs using commercially available coconut extracts. Immunoblotting was performed to identify and compare allergen profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total sIgE levels and overall IgE reactivity of patients with anaphylaxis were higher compared to patients with allergy. Twelve allergens ranging from 5 to 128 kDa including six novel allergens with 5, 12, 47, 87, 110, and 128 kDa were visualized in immunoblots with FCM. Similarly, nine allergens of 5, 12, 17, 32, 35, 47, 87, 110, and 128 kDa were detected in BCM. One allergen (110 kDa) was discerned in all four extracts. Higher IgE prevalence was detected with three allergens of 55, 87, and 110 kDa.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Allergens of BCM and unrefined coconut oil (WPCO and DPCO) were determined for the first time. Novel allergens of 87 and 110 kDa and the 55 kDa allergen have the highest potential to be used in Component Resolved Diagnostics. Further, these findings demonstrate that, patients who have an allergy to coconut milk could also react to boiled coconut milk and unrefined coconut oil.</p>","PeriodicalId":38753,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Molecular Allergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9764721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10784849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema-like eruption after Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine.","authors":"Danilo Di Bona,&nbsp;Andrea Miniello,&nbsp;Eustachio Nettis","doi":"10.1186/s12948-022-00179-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12948-022-00179-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE) is an adverse drug reaction which manifests as a symmetrical erythematous rash involving the skin folds after systemic drug exposure. A vast array of possible side effects associated with administration of different anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been reported in literature since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, but only few times SDRIFE-like eruptions have been described in this context. We discuss here a case of SDRIFE-like eruption following the second dose of Oxford-Astrazeneca Vaxzevria vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":38753,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Molecular Allergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9742018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10338699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful management of chronic urticaria and food allergies in a pediatric population using integrative traditional Chinese medicine therapy: a case series.","authors":"Xiaowen Fan,&nbsp;Tory McKnight,&nbsp;Johnathan Neshiwat,&nbsp;Song Park,&nbsp;Danna Chung,&nbsp;Xiu-Min Li","doi":"10.1186/s12948-022-00175-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12948-022-00175-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Food allergy is becoming increasingly common among the pediatric population. Despite strict avoidance of food allergens, a subgroup of sensitive individuals still develops frequent, persistent, and difficult to treat hives (FPDTH) for which there is no curative therapy. Although these cases are rare, these patients are in most need of therapy.</p><p><strong>Case presentations: </strong>This is a retrospective review of 3 pediatric patients with highly sensitive food allergies who initially presented with hives daily or every other day, or multiple times a day, but achieved marked remission after traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapies. Patient 1 (P1) is a 5-year-old who has experienced 140 reactions in his lifetime. Reactions were mostly hives with 4 episodes of anaphylaxis. P1 had used Prednisone 20 times, had an Epinephrine injection 4 times, and had 3 emergency room (ER) visits. Patient 2 (P2) is a 12-year-old who had experienced hives since age 3. Despite daily antihistamine use, P2 had > 730 reactions in his lifetime at the time of presentation including 2 episodes of anaphylaxis. He had been prescribed prednisone 4 times, an Epinephrine injection 2 times, and had 1 ER visit. Patient 3 (P3) is a 20-month-old girl who had experienced > 120 reactions including 1 episode of anaphylaxis. She was on daily desonide and frequently used an antihistamine, yet still had required a course of prednisone once, an Epinephrine injection once, and had 1 ER visit to manage her reaction. After presenting to our clinic, patients received internal and external TCM treatments, including herbal baths and creams (Remedy A-D) as basic remedies to reduce food reactions, including but not limited to frequent hives. Within 7-9 months of TCM treatment, remarkably all patients had complete remission of atopic symptoms. All three patients also experienced an improvement in other conditions including food intolerance, diarrhea, anxiety, eczema, and environmental allergies. After 1 year of treatment, all three patients had reductions in food-specific IgE levels that had been previously elevated, and additionally, P1 and P3, who initially had high total IgE levels, experienced a marked decrease in total IgE levels as well. All three patients continued to introduce foods into their diet that they previously had reactions to, and all 3 patients remain symptom-free.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Three pediatric patients with a known history of multiple food sensitivities and physician-diagnosed food allergies that presented with FPDTH underwent a TCM regimen and experienced dramatic improvement in symptoms and reduction in their IgE levels. This regimen appears to be effective in FPDTH population although a further study in a controlled clinical setting is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":38753,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Molecular Allergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9700962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10320716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of Apis dorsata venom allergy: use of recombinant allergens of Apis mellifera and a passive basophil activation test.","authors":"Peshala Gunasekara,&nbsp;S M Handunnetti,&nbsp;Sunil Premawansa,&nbsp;E W R A Witharana,&nbsp;Indra P Ratnayake,&nbsp;Pradeep Kaluarachchi,&nbsp;Chandima Karunatilake,&nbsp;R K S Dias,&nbsp;G A S Premakumara,&nbsp;W M D K Dasanayake,&nbsp;Suranjith L Seneviratne,&nbsp;Rajiva de Silva","doi":"10.1186/s12948-022-00178-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12948-022-00178-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Allergy to Apis dorsata (Giant Asian Honeybee) venom is the commonest insect allergy in Sri Lanka and South East Asia. However, laboratory diagnosis is difficult as the pure venom and diagnostic reagents are not commercially available.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study assessed the use of four recombinant allergens of A. mellifera venom and the passive basophil activation test in the diagnosis of A. dorsata venom anaphylaxis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum IgE levels to four recombinant allergens of A. mellifera, rApi m 1, 2, 5 and 10 were assessed and compared with serum IgE to the crude venom of A. mellifera or V. vulgaris by Phadia ImmunoCAP, in patients who developed anaphylaxis to A. dorsata stings. Basophil activation in response to venom of A. dorsata or V. affinis was assessed using a passive basophil activation test. Association of the severity of the reaction with basophil activation was compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>rApi m 1 and 10 combinedly had significant correlation (r = 0.722; p < 0.001) with the crude venom of A. mellifera (Western honeybee) and a higher positivity rate of 90% (27/30). Whereas, IgE reactivity to rApi m 2 or 5 had significant correlation (p = 0.02 and p = 0.005 respectively) with V. vulgaris crude venom. All 30 (100%) were positive to A. dorsata venom in passive BAT; 70% (21/30) had over 80% activation, 96.7% (29/30) had over 60% activation and 100% had over 50% activation. Percentage activation of basophils in patients who had mild or moderate reactions (n = 20) was significantly low (p = 0.02) from that of patients who had severe reactions (n = 10).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>rApi m 1 and 10 when combined was sensitive for the diagnosis of A. dorsata allergy. This combination had the lowest cross-reactivity rate with Vespula vulgaris. The passive BAT is highly sensitive in A. dorsata allergy. The basophil reactivity was significantly higher in severe anaphylaxis compared to mild/moderate anaphylaxis. This finding should be further explored in further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":38753,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Molecular Allergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9476696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40358775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ALEX versus ISAC multiplex array in analyzing food allergy in atopic children.","authors":"Laura J H Sonneveld,&nbsp;Joyce A M Emons,&nbsp;Nicolette J T Arends,&nbsp;Lonneke J Landzaat,&nbsp;Sharon Veenbergen,&nbsp;Marco W J Schreurs","doi":"10.1186/s12948-022-00177-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12948-022-00177-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ALEX multiplex array is a relatively new multiplex allergy test which analyses more than 120 allergen extracts and 170 molecular components. ISAC is the most used and studied multiplex array to date, offering 112 molecular components. In ten atopic children with multiple food allergies good agreement was observed between ALEX and ISAC sIgE results for nearly all shared food components. Presence of larger number of allergens in ALEX could help clinicians to improve personalized dietary advice. However more positive sensitizations with unknown clinical relevance were found by ALEX, potentially increasing clinical complexity. Pediatric allergists should be aware of this, especially in young atopic children with (severe) eczema who have not introduced all sorts of food yet.</p>","PeriodicalId":38753,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Molecular Allergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9419344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40644123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current treatment strategies for seasonal allergic rhinitis: where are we heading?","authors":"Erminia Ridolo, Cristoforo Incorvaia, Francesco Pucciarini, Elena Makri, Giovanni Paoletti, Giorgio Walter Canonica","doi":"10.1186/s12948-022-00176-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12948-022-00176-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is very commonly caused by pollens. The symptoms of AR consist of sneezing, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, nasal itching and airflow obstruction. The diagnosis has long been based on clinical history, skin prick tests and in vitro measurement of specific IgE, but the innovative approach of precision medicine has made diagnostic tools of much greater accuracy available.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review covers the advances in the treatment of seasonal AR concerning the drugs to be used according to the grade of disease and the characteristics of the patients, and the role of allergen immunotherapy (AIT), which is the only treatment capable of acting, in addition to the symptoms, on the cause of AR and therefore to modify its natural history.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Drug treatment of AR include a large number of agents, the choice of which depends on the severity of the disease. AIT has high evidence of efficacy demonstrated by meta-analyses, and further improvement is currently apparent, as for diagnosis, applying the means of precision medicine. However, when AIT is performed in current practice, without the strict rules of controlled trials, long-term low adherence is a major problem to be solved.</p>","PeriodicalId":38753,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Molecular Allergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9367100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40600441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High prevalence of sensitization to non-specific lipid transfer protein in adult patients with primary eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders in Italy: a single center series.","authors":"Carlo Maria Rossi,&nbsp;Marco Vincenzo Lenti,&nbsp;Giovanna Achilli,&nbsp;Stefania Merli,&nbsp;Aurelio Mauro,&nbsp;Andrea Anderloni,&nbsp;Antonio Di Sabatino","doi":"10.1186/s12948-022-00174-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12948-022-00174-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38753,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Molecular Allergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9301857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40621023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin-4 can play a role in allergic rhinitis patient during treatment with Zataria multiflora.","authors":"Nazila Ariaee,&nbsp;Yaser Yadegari,&nbsp;Mohamad Shabestari,&nbsp;Javad Asili,&nbsp;Maryam Panahi,&nbsp;Jalal Ghorbani,&nbsp;Farahzad Jabbari","doi":"10.1186/s12948-022-00169-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12948-022-00169-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Allergic rhinitis is a widespread disorder across the globe. The Shirazi thyme (Zataria multiflora) has been shown to have considerable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study assessed the effect of this herbal product on alterations in inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study was conducted on the bank sample before and after the intervention to measure interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interferon -γ levels with the ELISA test method in a supernatant taken from the PBMC cell culture from 30 allergic rhinitis patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The IL-4 level had no significant difference between the two groups before the treatment. However, it had a significant increase in the case group after the treatment. The IL-5 level was significantly higher in the case group before the treatment. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences between the case and control groups after the treatment. Similarly, no significant differences were observed between the two groups considering IFN-γ before and after the treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Consuming thyme with an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and a decrease in IL-5 cytokine control inflammation and improvement in allergic rhinitis symptoms. Clinical trial details This clinical trial study was recorded at 22.5.2014 in the Iran Registry of Clinical Trials code: (IRCT2016121823235N6) https://www.irct.ir/trial/19852.</p>","PeriodicalId":38753,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Molecular Allergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8829980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39907042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the knowledge on microbiome and dysbiosis in allergic diseases among medical sciences students in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Aisha Alamri,&nbsp;Suzan A AlKhater","doi":"10.1186/s12948-022-00168-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12948-022-00168-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Microbiome science deals with the development of diseases that are derived from the interaction between the host immune system and microbes. Microbiome disturbance or dysbiosis has been increasingly recognized as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Thus, this field is pivotal in the management of allergic disorders. Despite the increasing prevalence of allergic disorders in Saudi Arabia, medical students lack knowledge of microbiome science. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of knowledge of medical sciences students on the human microbiome, dysbiosis, and management of the impaired microbiome with a focus on allergic diseases and asthma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey was designed, validated, and distributed to 100 final-year students and interns majoring in clinical nutrition, public health, and clinical laboratory sciences at a single university in Saudi Arabia. The study period was from November 2020 to January 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall knowledge of the human microbiome was adequate among the participants, but their understanding of dysbiosis and management of the impaired microbiome was low to moderate. Knowledge of dysbiosis management was significantly higher in students majoring in clinical nutrition than in those majoring in public health and clinical laboratory sciences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collectively, this study provides the first evidence that knowledge of specific domains of microbiome science among a cohort of medical sciences students in Saudi Arabia is insufficient. Large-scale studies are warranted to confirm these observations at a national level, and specific curriculum modifications are necessary to improve the knowledge of future healthcare professionals about clinical applications of microbiome science.</p>","PeriodicalId":38753,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Molecular Allergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8802525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39748363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The risk of anaphylaxis behind authorized COVID-19 vaccines: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Marharyta Sobczak,&nbsp;Rafał Pawliczak","doi":"10.1186/s12948-022-00167-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12948-022-00167-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A serious allergic reaction that may occur in response to medical products is anaphylaxis, which potentially can lead to anaphylactic shock. In the light of recent COVID-19 pandemic, much public attention had been paid to the severe allergic reactions occurring after COVID-19 vaccination. Therefore, in our study we would like to investigate the risk of authorized COVID-19 vaccines to induce anaphylactic reaction, anaphylactoid reaction, anaphylactic shock and anaphylactoid shock.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science and Embase and found eight articles about the incidence of anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions. Also, we used data from four databases from Canada, the U.S., the European Union and the United Kingdom. To calculate effect sizes, we used random effects model with inverse variance method. The risk ratio with 95% confidence interval were used for dichotomous outcomes. Statistical analysis was prepared in R. Results were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most cases of anaphylactic reaction, anaphylactoid reaction, anaphylactic shock and anaphylactoid shock were reported in female aged 18-85 years after BNT162b2 vaccine according to data from the EU. Analyzed COVID-19 vaccines can cause the anaphylaxis/anaphylactic reaction with risk of 106.99 (95% CI [39.95; 286.57], p < 0.0001, I² = 59%), whereas the anaphylactoid reaction, anaphylactic and anaphylactoid shocks with risk of 113.3 (95% CI [28.11; 456.53], p < 0.0001), 344.2 (95% CI [85.77; 1381.39], p < 0.0001), 14.9, 95% CI [1.96; 112.79], p = 0.009), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our meta-analysis shows that the risk of anaphylactic reaction, anaphylactoid reaction, anaphylactic shock and anaphylactoid shock do not occur only after mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, vaccination centers should be prepared to render assistance in the event of a reaction in all cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":38753,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Molecular Allergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8762434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39941503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}