Topics in antiviral medicine最新文献_第9页

Advances toward a cure for HIV: getting beyond n=2. 治愈艾滋病的进展:超过n=2。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2020-01-01

Jonathan Li

引用次数: 0

The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program after the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act full implementation: a critical review of predictions, evidence, and future directions. 《病人保护和平价医疗法案》全面实施后的瑞安·怀特艾滋病毒/艾滋病项目：对预测、证据和未来方向的批判性审查。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2019-09-01

Tamar Ginossar, John Oetzel, Lindsay Van Meter, Andrew A Gans, Joel E Gallant

{"title":"The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program after the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act full implementation: a critical review of predictions, evidence, and future directions.","authors":"Tamar Ginossar, John Oetzel, Lindsay Van Meter, Andrew A Gans, Joel E Gallant","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWHAP) has been effective in serving people living with HIV (PLWH). Our goal was to examine the impact of the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on the program's role in HIV care and its clients. We utilized critical review to synthesize the literature on the anticipated effects of the ACA, and assess the evidence regarding the early effects of the ACA on the program and on PLWH who receive RWHAP services. To date, research on the impact of ACA on RWHAP has been fragmented. Despite the expected benefits of the ACA to PLWH, access and linkage to care, reducing inequity in HIV risk and access to care, and coping with comorbidities remain pressing challenges. There are additional gaps following ACA implementation related to immigrant care. RWHAP's proven success in addressing these challenges, and the political threats to ACA, highlight the need for maintaining the program to meet HIV care needs. More evidence on the role and impact of RWHAP in this new era is needed to guide policy and practice of care for PLWH. Additional research is needed to explore RWHAP care and its clients' health outcomes following ACA implementation, with a focus on at-risk groups such as immigrants, transgender women, homeless individuals, and PLWH struggling with mental health problems.","PeriodicalId":38738,"journal":{"name":"Topics in antiviral medicine","volume":"27 3","pages":"91-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6892620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

2019 update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1. 2019 年 HIV-1 耐药性突变的最新情况。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2019-09-01

Annemarie M Wensing, Vincent Calvez, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Charlotte Charpentier, Huldrych F Günthard, Roger Paredes, Robert W Shafer, Douglas D Richman

引用次数: 0

The intersection of intimate partner violence and HIV: detection, disclosure, discussion, and implications for treatment adherence. 亲密伴侣暴力与艾滋病毒的交叉:检测、披露、讨论和对治疗依从性的影响。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2019-05-01

Tami P Sullivan

引用次数: 0

The great imitator revealed: syphilis. 伟大的模仿者揭示了:梅毒。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2019-05-01

Jeffrey D Klausner

引用次数: 0

Fatty liver disease in persons with HIV infection. HIV感染者的脂肪肝疾病

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2019-05-01

Aradhna Seth, Kenneth E Sherman

{"title":"Fatty liver disease in persons with HIV infection.","authors":"Aradhna Seth, Kenneth E Sherman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The leading cause of non-HIV-related mortality is liver disease. Fatty liver disease can be characterized as alcoholic or nonalcoholic in nature. Alcohol use is prevalent among individuals with HIV infection and can lead to medication nonadherence, lower CD4+ cell count, inadequate viral suppression, and disease progression. The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in individuals with HIV infection includes metabolic syndrome, hyperuricemia, HIV-related lipodystrophy, genetic polymorphisms, medications, HIV itself, and the gut microbiome. The prevalence of NAFLD in persons with HIV infection ranges from 30% to 65% depending on the modality of diagnosis. Individuals with HIV infection and NAFLD are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease; however, there is a dearth of longitudinal outcomes studies on this topic. Current therapies for NAFLD, such as vitamin E and pioglitazone, have not been studied in persons with HIV infection. There are several drugs in phase II and III clinical trials that specifically target NAFLD in HIV, including CC chemokine receptor 5 inhibitors, growth hormone-releasing factor agonists, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase inhibitors. Persons with HIV should be screened for NAFLD while pursuing aggressive risk factor modification and lifestyle changes, given the increased risk of cardiovascular mortality.","PeriodicalId":38738,"journal":{"name":"Topics in antiviral medicine","volume":"27 2","pages":"75-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6550355/pdf/tam-27-075.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37281846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CROI 2019: advances in HIV prevention and plans to end the epidemic. 《2019年全球艾滋病报告》:艾滋病毒预防进展和终止这一流行病的计划。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2019-04-01

Susan P Buchbinder, Albert Y Liu

{"title":"CROI 2019: advances in HIV prevention and plans to end the epidemic.","authors":"Susan P Buchbinder, Albert Y Liu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"At the 2019 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI), a plan for ending the HIV epidemic in the United States was presented. More rapid HIV diagnosis and treatment is a key component needed nationwide. In international settings, substantial scale up of HIV testing and treatment has led to substantial declines in HIV incidence. U=U (undetectable equals untransmittable) is a powerful concept that can reduce stigma and encourage engagement in testing and care, but raises a number of clinical questions. HIV testing remains a gateway to HIV prevention and treatment, and innovative testing strategies, including HIV self-testing, show promise. Opioid overdose deaths are on the rise, highlighting the need for comprehensive prevention efforts. Molecular data are being used to identify rapidly growing clusters of infections for intervention. Rates of sexually transmitted infections have increased substantially in recent years. A new preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) combination, tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine (FTC), was demonstrated to be non inferior to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/FTC, with improved bone and renal safety. PrEP uptake is increasing globally, but use is lower in several populations, including African Americans, cis- and transgender women, and youth. Same-day PrEP initiations are a promising approach to increasing access, but PrEP discontinuations remain a challenge.","PeriodicalId":38738,"journal":{"name":"Topics in antiviral medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"8-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6550360/pdf/tam-27-008.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37281848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CROI 2019: highlights of viral hepatitis. CROI 2019:病毒性肝炎的亮点。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2019-04-01

Anne F Luetkemeyer, David L Wyles

{"title":"CROI 2019: highlights of viral hepatitis.","authors":"Anne F Luetkemeyer, David L Wyles","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"At the 2019 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI), there was a major focus on hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination and improving each component of the hepatitis C care cascade. Many interventions showed promising improvements in diagnosis and linkage to care. Settings with robust access to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) continue to demonstrate the role of HCV treatment as prevention. However, substantial barriers to accessing curative therapy remain. Reinfection after treatment presents an important barrier to elimination, particularly in some populations of men who have sex with men (MSM). MSM without HIV infection are at an elevated risk for sexual acquisition of HCV, and several studies reported HCV rates that were as high as those seen in MSM living with HIV. There was also a focus on HCV and HBV in pregnant women. Rates of HCV infection in women of child-bearing potential have increased, making prenatal diagnosis a priority. In the first study of HCV treatment during pregnancy, sofosbuvir/ledipasvir started at 28 weeks of gestation led to cure in 8 pregnant women. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-active antiretrovirals are generally effective in suppressing HBV but have low rates of surface antigen loss despite long term treatment. Initial results from novel laboratory assessments of intrahepatic HBV viral infection events were presented, hopefully paving the way for more effective HBV treatment strategies to control and potentially cure HBV.","PeriodicalId":38738,"journal":{"name":"Topics in antiviral medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"41-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6550361/pdf/tam-27-041.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37284747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CROI 2019: advances in basic science understanding of HIV. CROI 2019:对艾滋病毒基础科学认识的进展。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2019-04-01

Mario Stevenson

引用次数: 0

CROI 2019: neurologic complications of HIV disease. CROI 2019:艾滋病毒疾病的神经系统并发症。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2019-04-01

Beau M Ances, Scott L Letendre

{"title":"CROI 2019: neurologic complications of HIV disease.","authors":"Beau M Ances, Scott L Letendre","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Investigators reported many new neuroHIV research findings at the 2019 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI). These findings included confirmation that HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remains common with an increasingly recognized role for comorbidities (eg, obesity) and neurodegenerative conditions (eg, Alzheimer's disease), especially as persons living with HIV (PLWH) advance into their seventh decade of life and beyond. HAND is increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous disorder that differs between individuals (eg, by sex) in the trajectory of specific neurocognitive abilities (eg, executive functioning). A more recent focus at this year's conference was toxicity of combination antiretroviral therapy: neurocognitive performance and neuroimaging data from several studies were presented but did not consistently support that integrase strand transfer inhibitors are associated with worse neurologic outcomes. Neuroimaging studies found that white matter changes reflect a combination of the effects of HIV and comorbidities (including cerebrovascular small vessel disease) and best correlate with blood markers of inflammation. The pathogenesis of HIV in the central nervous system (CNS) was the focus of a plenary lecture and numerous presentations on HIV compartmentalization in the CNS and cerebrospinal fluid viral escape. Novel findings were also presented on associations between HIV-associated neurologic complications and glycomics, neuron-derived exosomes, and DNA methylation in monocytes. This summary will review findings from CROI and identify new research and clinical opportunities.","PeriodicalId":38738,"journal":{"name":"Topics in antiviral medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"26-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6550359/pdf/tam-27-026.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37284745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0