Topics in antiviral medicine最新文献

CROI 2025: tuberculosis, Mpox, and other infectious complications in people with HIV. CROI 2025：艾滋病毒感染者的结核病、Mpox和其他感染并发症。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2025-05-21

Andrew D Kerkhoff, Jason Zucker, Diane V Havlir

引用次数: 0

HIV and liver disease: optimizing care and identifying the gaps. 艾滋病毒和肝病：优化护理和确定差距。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2025-05-21

Kenneth E Sherman, Phyllis C Tien, David L Thomas

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2025 update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1. 2025年HIV-1耐药突变的最新进展。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2025-05-21

Annemarie M Wensing, Vincent Calvez, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Charlotte Charpentier, Huldrych F Günthard, Donna M Jacobsen, Roger Paredes, Robert W Shafer, Douglas D Richman

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CROI 2025: neuropsychiatric complications in people with HIV. CROI 2025：艾滋病毒感染者的神经精神并发症。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2025-05-21

Michael J Corley, Phillip Chan, Sarah B Joseph

{"title":"CROI 2025: neuropsychiatric complications in people with HIV.","authors":"Michael J Corley, Phillip Chan, Sarah B Joseph","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The 2025 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) showcased advances in understanding neuropsychiatric complications among people with HIV (PWH). This review synthesizes key findings related to central nervous system (CNS) reservoirs, neuropathogenesis, and biomarkers of brain health. Emerging data underscore the persistence of HIV in brain tissues despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), with compartmentalization occasionally observed in the spinal cord and brain, and evidence suggesting that HIV-infected cells may contribute to chronic inflammation in the CNS. Single-cell and epigenetic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid cells revealed immune dysregulation in myeloid and B cells, suggesting ongoing CNS dysfunction during suppressive ART. Longitudinal neuroimaging and cognitive studies reinforced that incomplete or unstable HIV suppression correlates with worse brain outcomes. Notably, higher blood phosphorylated tau 217 and systemic inflammation predicted cognitive decline in aging PWH. Promising therapeutic avenues included observations that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, such as semaglutide, improve visuospatial performance in PWH and cannabinoid receptor 2 agonists reduced neuroinflammatory pathways in preclinical models. Additionally, early initiation of ART was associated with normalization of brain volumes and attenuation of neuronal injury markers. Together, these findings highlight the complexity of neuro-HIV interactions and underscore the need for targeted interventions to protect brain health in PWH.","PeriodicalId":38738,"journal":{"name":"Topics in antiviral medicine","volume":"33 2","pages":"483-493"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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CROI 2025: global epidemiology and prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. 目标2025：全球流行病学和预防艾滋病毒和其他性传播疾病。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2025-05-21

Susan P Buchbinder, Albert Y Liu

{"title":"CROI 2025: global epidemiology and prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases.","authors":"Susan P Buchbinder, Albert Y Liu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"At the 2025 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI), investigators presented updates on the global HIV epidemic. Although new HIV infections have been declining globally, new infections are expanding in Eastern Europe and central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, and Latin America. HIV incidence remains high among key populations and their partners. Initiation of oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is increasing globally, with 91% of PrEP starts funded by the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, and large rises in new HIV infections are predicted to occur due to international funding cuts. Several presentations focused on strategies to increase HIV testing, including home HIV self-testing, couples HIV testing, and use of digital strategies. Substance use continues to be a driver of new HIV infections. Implementation of harm reduction and opiate agonist therapy significantly reduced new infections among people who inject drugs in Malaysia, and other person-centered approaches tailored for people who use drugs are being investigated. The uptake of PrEP has been increasing in a number of priority populations; however, persistence on oral PrEP remains sub-optimal. Although the use of long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) remains low in the US, several programs have demonstrated high persistence. When provided choice, many individuals choose CAB-LA over other available options, and adherence to follow-up injections has been high. Several interventions to increase PrEP uptake and adherence show promise, including pharmacy-based refills and incentives, point-of-care urine tenofovir testing with counseling, and use of mobile health tools. PrEP with emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide was shown to reduce HIV infections in cisgender women adherent to PrEP. A single once-yearly injection with lenacapavir showed promising pharmacokinetic results and a phase III trial is planned. Interest in doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis is high, and real-world implementation has been associated with significant declines in bacterial sexually transmitted infections.","PeriodicalId":38738,"journal":{"name":"Topics in antiviral medicine","volume":"33 2","pages":"508-535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Abstracts from the 2025 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. 2025年逆转录病毒和机会性感染会议摘要。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2025-04-01

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Managing Stimulant Use Among People With HIV: Harm-Reduction Strategies From Behavior to Medication. 管理艾滋病毒感染者的兴奋剂使用：从行为到药物的危害减少策略。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-23

Cheríe S Blair, Steven J Shoptaw

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Weighing In: Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonism for Persons With HIV. HIV感染者的胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动作用

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-23

Teressa S Thomas, Suman Srinivasa

{"title":"Weighing In: Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonism for Persons With HIV.","authors":"Teressa S Thomas, Suman Srinivasa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Weight gain among persons with HIV PWH) on contemporary antiretroviral therapy (ART) can extend beyond an initial return-to-health phenomenon and lead to overweight/obesity in the first 1 to 2 years, resulting in enhanced cardiometabolic risk. Factors that may contribute to increased weight gain include specific ART regimens (those initiating dolutegravir and tenofovir alafenamide or withdrawing tenofovir disoproxil and efavirenz), women with HIV, and certain virologic factors including lower baseline CD4 count and higher HIV viral load. Weight reduction starting at 5% body weight confers metabolic protection, such as improved hypertension and dysglycemia. Even greater metabolic impact has been shown with weight reduction in the approximate range of 15% body weight, as evidenced by decreases in cardiovascular disease mortality. Effective weight management is essential to reducing cardiometabolic risk, may not be achieved with lifestyle changes alone, and requires other therapeutic strategies. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are well recognized to provide potent weight reduction among persons with overweight/obesity; in addition, studies have shown cardiovascular benefit among those with established cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have permitted us to begin to understand the potential role of GLP-1 RAs among PWH and overweight/obesity. This review highlights weight gain specific to PWH and discusses current evidence and key clinical considerations for GLP-1 RA use among PWH.","PeriodicalId":38738,"journal":{"name":"Topics in antiviral medicine","volume":"32 5","pages":"579-588"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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HIV and Inflamm-Aging: How Do We Reach the Summit of Healthy Aging? 艾滋病与炎症衰老：我们如何达到健康老龄化的顶峰？

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-23

Kerry Sheets, Jason V Baker

{"title":"HIV and Inflamm-Aging: How Do We Reach the Summit of Healthy Aging?","authors":"Kerry Sheets, Jason V Baker","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"People with HIV (PWH) are living longer and experiencing a greater burden of morbidity from non-AIDS-defining conditions. Chronically treated HIV disease is associated with ongoing systemic inflammation that contributes to the development of chronic conditions (eg, cardiovascular disease) and geriatric syndromes (eg, frailty). Apart from HIV disease, a progressive increase in systemic inflammation is a characteristic feature of biologic aging, a process described as \"inflammaging.\" Inflamm-aging is driven by persistent antigen stimulation and stress, leading to an immune profile characterized by elevated levels of blood inflammatory markers and cellular activation and senescence. Chronic HIV disease is hypothesized to accentuate the immune profile of inflamm-aging, in part through viral persistence in lymphatic tissues, permanent injury impairing immune recovery, the presence of copathogens, gut dysbiosis and microbial translocation, and chromosomal and genetic alterations associated with immune activation. Few strategies exist for safe and effective modulation of systemic inflammation among older PWH. The strongest current evidence supports aggressive management of modifiable risk factors such as lipids, blood pressure, and levels of physical activity. Future inflamm-aging research should be directed toward advancing the implementation of proven approaches, such as physical activity, as well as studying novel mechanisms of, and treatments for, inflamm-aging among PWH.","PeriodicalId":38738,"journal":{"name":"Topics in antiviral medicine","volume":"32 5","pages":"589-596"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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CROI 2024: The Challenges of Sustained Viral Suppression, Advanced HIV Disease, and Ending the HIV Epidemic Targets. CROI 2024：持续病毒抑制、晚期艾滋病毒疾病和结束艾滋病毒流行目标的挑战。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2024-08-12

Shauna H Gunaratne, Barbara S Taylor, Jason Zucker, Timothy J Wilkin, Hong-Van Tieu

{"title":"CROI 2024: The Challenges of Sustained Viral Suppression, Advanced HIV Disease, and Ending the HIV Epidemic Targets.","authors":"Shauna H Gunaratne, Barbara S Taylor, Jason Zucker, Timothy J Wilkin, Hong-Van Tieu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Data on the HIV care cascade demonstrated challenges in achieving Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) targets across all 18 EHE focus metropolitan areas, but innovative adherence interventions using point-of-care tenofovir testing and motivational interviewing support care cascade outcomes in Namibia and South Africa, respectively. Data on treatment with long-acting injectable (LAI) antiretroviral therapy (ART) demonstrated high acceptability, retention, and virologic suppression including in groups that were not well represented in clinical trials including persons born female and persons with detectable viral loads. The adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccine appeared to be safe and appeared to be superior to conventional hepatitis B vaccines in persons with HIV (PWH) who were prior nonresponders to the hepatitis B vaccine. New therapies are in the pipeline for LAI hepatitis C medication that may cure hepatitis C with 1 injection. ACTG (AIDS Clinical Trials Group) A5359 showed that long-acting cabotegravir/rilpivirine (LA CAB/RPV) can be used effectively in PWH experiencing adherence challenges to oral ART and suggested a paradigm for treating this population with an unmet medical need. Studies on resistance mutations in SARS COV-2 show that treatmentrelated emergent resistance does not appear to contribute to viral rebound or have the potential for transmitted drug resistance. The data presented on HIV and maternal and pediatric health included findings from studies on the implementation of first-line dolutegravir-based ART in pregnant and postpartum women and children, along with results of a phase I/II trial involving LA CAB/RPV in adolescents. Additionally, various abstracts addressed hypertensive disorders in HIV during pregnancy and postpartum periods, as well as the intersection of HIV and mental health in women and youth.","PeriodicalId":38738,"journal":{"name":"Topics in antiviral medicine","volume":"32 4","pages":"542-567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11361756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0