Topics in antiviral medicine最新文献_第7页

Addressing the Challenges of Vaccine Hesitancy Broadly and Related to COVID-19 Vaccines. 广泛应对与COVID-19疫苗相关的疫苗犹豫挑战。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2022-12-01

Marie T Brown, Constance A Benson

{"title":"Addressing the Challenges of Vaccine Hesitancy Broadly and Related to COVID-19 Vaccines.","authors":"Marie T Brown, Constance A Benson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccine hesitancy is one of the greatest health care challenges of our time, as recently highlighted by the experience with COVID-19 vaccines. It is now clear that several current COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective in preventing severe disease, hospitalization, and death from the disease, but their effectiveness has been greatly undermined by the many unfounded conspiracy theories, active disinformation, and fears (real or imagined) circulating through social media and through society in general, persuading millions of people worldwide not to receive the vaccine. Fortunately, there are numerous practical strategies that physicians and other health care professionals can employ in communicating effectively with vaccine-hesitant individuals, including using humble inquiry, compassionate listening, and storytelling, as well as engaging the entire health care team in providing accurate information. This article summarizes the major points of an IAS-USA-sponsored webinar held on August 3, 2021, titled COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy, Crucial Conversations, and Effective Messaging for Patients and Health Care Teams by Marie T. Brown, MD, an expert on adult immunization. The webinar was moderated by Constance A. Benson, MD.","PeriodicalId":38738,"journal":{"name":"Topics in antiviral medicine","volume":" ","pages":"430-439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8862750/pdf/tam-29-430.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39944262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neurocognition and the Aging Brain in People With HIV: Implications for Screening. 艾滋病病毒感染者的神经认知和大脑老化：对筛查的影响》（Neurocognition and the Aging Brain in People with HIV: Implications for Screening.

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2022-12-01

Phillip Chan, Victor Valcour

{"title":"Neurocognition and the Aging Brain in People With HIV: Implications for Screening.","authors":"Phillip Chan, Victor Valcour","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has converted HIV infection from a lethal disease to a manageable chronic condition for most people. The drastic improvement in life expectancy of people with HIV has led to an expansion of the aging population of people with HIV globally. Recent research indicates that people with HIV on suppressive ART still sustain persistent, albeit alleviated, systemic and cerebral immune activation that can facilitate age-related causes of cognitive impairment (CI), including neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. Although HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder remains prevalent in older people with HIV on suppressive ART, the co-occurrence of other age-related causes of CI makes the investigation and management of CI more challenging. More importantly, it remains unknown if the neuropsychiatric manifestations of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder are modified by the presence of age-related causes of CI, such as Alzheimer disease, and vice versa. This article will review findings regarding the interaction between HIV-1 infection and age-related comorbidities, namely atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases, followed by cognitive outcomes of people with HIV in longitudinal studies. Cognitive symptoms of people with HIV on stable ART will be discussed. The review will go through the latest recommendations for cognitive screening in different HIV management guidelines, as well as the usefulness of various screening tools in the setting of stable viral suppression.","PeriodicalId":38738,"journal":{"name":"Topics in antiviral medicine","volume":"29 5","pages":"423-429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8862751/pdf/tam-29-423.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10847810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chronic Pain and Opioid Use in Older People With HIV. 老年艾滋病毒感染者的慢性疼痛和阿片类药物使用。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2022-12-01

Vasudev C Mandyam, R Douglas Bruce

引用次数: 0

CROI 2022: metabolic and other complications of HIV infection or COVID-19. CROI 2022:艾滋病毒感染或COVID-19的代谢和其他并发症。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-01

Sudipa Sarkar, Todd T Brown

{"title":"CROI 2022: metabolic and other complications of HIV infection or COVID-19.","authors":"Sudipa Sarkar, Todd T Brown","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Comorbid conditions have a major impact on the health, quality of life, and survival of people with HIV, particularly as this population ages. The 2022 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) featured excellent science related to specific comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and frailty. The role of systemic inflammation in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease was an important theme, with strong evidence regarding the impact of microbial translocation. Other studies examined functional impairment, frailty, and potential important contributors, such as concomitant medications and sleep disturbances. The ANCHOR (Anal Cancer/High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions Outcomes Research) study provided crucial evidence that treatment of high-risk anal lesions reduces the incidence of anal cancer, which has important implications in the prevention of this devastating comorbidity. In addition, numerous presentations demonstrated the importance of comorbid conditions in COVID-19 outcomes in people with HIV and described persistent symptoms after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection has resolved. This review focuses on the abstracts presented at CROI 2022 in these areas, highlighting those with the most clinical impact.","PeriodicalId":38738,"journal":{"name":"Topics in antiviral medicine","volume":"30 3","pages":"522-527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9473897/pdf/tam-30-522.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10007928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

2022 update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1. 2022年HIV-1耐药突变的最新进展。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-01

Annemarie M Wensing, Vincent Calvez, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Charlotte Charpentier, Huldrych F Günthard, Roger Paredes, Robert W Shafer, Douglas D Richman

引用次数: 0

CROI 2022: advances in antiviral therapy for HIV, COVID-19, and viral hepatitis. CROI 2022:艾滋病毒、COVID-19和病毒性肝炎抗病毒治疗的进展。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-01

Shauna H Gunaratne, Hong-Van Tieu, Timothy J Wilkin, Barbara S Taylor

{"title":"CROI 2022: advances in antiviral therapy for HIV, COVID-19, and viral hepatitis.","authors":"Shauna H Gunaratne, Hong-Van Tieu, Timothy J Wilkin, Barbara S Taylor","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The 2022 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections provided a rich source of new data and comprehensive reviews on antiviral therapy. For COVID-19, intramuscular sotrovimab was noninferior to intravenous sotrovimab, serostatus did not predict the efficacy of sotrovimab, and molnupiravir appeared safe and modestly effective in decreasing hospitalization rates. Trials from low- and middle-income countries provided data to support transitioning those on first-line therapy with or without virologic suppression and those virologically suppressed on second-line therapy to dolutegravir-based regimens. Additional data supported the use of lenacapavir as a long-acting antiretroviral drug. Data across the United States demonstrate the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the HIV care continuum, although enhanced outreach efforts and decentralization of antiretroviral therapy delivery were associated with improvements in care engagement outcomes. Researchers described potential mechanisms for the emergence of integrase strand transfer inhibitor resistance. Studies on proviral genotyping high-lighted the limitations of its use in predicting clinically significant resistance. Several studies looked at the epidemiology and treatment of hepatitis C and B and the status of current hepatitis C virus elimination efforts. Data presented on HIV, COVID-19, and maternal and pediatric health included 2-year virologic outcome data of very early antiretroviral therapy in potentially reducing the latent HIV reservoir in infants with HIV. Data presented on COVID-19 and HIV therapeutics in children included SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in children younger than 12 years of age, remdesivir in hospitalized infants and children, and long-acting therapies for HIV treatment in children.","PeriodicalId":38738,"journal":{"name":"Topics in antiviral medicine","volume":" ","pages":"490-521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9473894/pdf/tam-30-490.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40672565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

HIV and liver disease: a comprehensive update. 艾滋病毒与肝病：全面更新。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-01

Kenneth E Sherman, David L Thomas

引用次数: 0

CROI 2022: neurologic complications of HIV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and other pathogens. CROI 2022: HIV-1、SARS-CoV-2和其他病原体的神经系统并发症。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-01

Albert M Anderson, Scott L Letendre, Beau M Ances

{"title":"CROI 2022: neurologic complications of HIV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and other pathogens.","authors":"Albert M Anderson, Scott L Letendre, Beau M Ances","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The 2022 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections featured new and important findings about the neurologic complications of HIV-1, COVID-19, and other infections. Long-term analyses identified that cognitive decline over time, phenotypic aging, and stroke are associated with various comorbidities in people with HIV. Neuroimaging studies showed greater neuroinflammation, white matter damage, demyelination, and overall brain aging in people with chronic HIV infection. Childhood trauma and exposure to environmental pollutants contribute to these neuroimaging findings. Studies of blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers showed that systemic inflammation, neurodegeneration, endothelial activation, oxidative stress, and iron dysregulation are associated with worse cognition in people with HIV. Some animal studies focused on myeloid cells of the central nervous system, but other animal and human studies showed that lymphoid cells also contribute to HIV neuropathogenesis. The deleterious central nervous system effects of polypharmacy and anticholinergic drugs in people with HIV were demonstrated. In contrast, a large randomized controlled trial showed that integrase strand transfer inhibitor therapy was not associated with neurotoxicity. Studies of cryptococcal meningitis demonstrated he cost-effectiveness of single high-dose liposomal amphotericin and the prognostic value of the cryptococcal antigen lateral flow assay. People hospitalized with COVID-19 had more anxiety over time after discharge. The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen is present in cerebrospinal fluid in the absence of viral RNA. Systemic inflammation, astrocyte activation, and tryptophan metabolism pathways are associated with post-COVID-19 neurologic syndromes. Whether these processes are independent or intertwined during HIV-1 and COVID-19 infections requires further study.","PeriodicalId":38738,"journal":{"name":"Topics in antiviral medicine","volume":" ","pages":"475-489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9473895/pdf/tam-30-475.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40672564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preventing and diagnosing HIV-related comorbidities in adolescents. 预防和诊断青少年艾滋病毒相关合并症。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-01

Hasiya Eihuri Yusuf, David Griffith, Allison Lorna Agwu

引用次数: 0

CROI 2022: tuberculosis and infectious complications in persons With HIV. CROI 2022：艾滋病毒感染者的结核病和感染并发症。

Topics in antiviral medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-01

Andrew D Kerkhoff, Diane V Havlir

引用次数: 0