{"title":"Elder abuse and neglect: making the diagnosis and devising a treatment plan in the emergency department.","authors":"Nicole Cimino-Fiallos","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of elder abuse and neglect is trending upward among American seniors, but physician reports of suspected maltreatment are not keeping pace. The most important step in management of elder abuse and neglect is making the diagnosis and reporting the suspicions to Adult Protective Services. This review presents a systematic approach for emergency department diagnosis of elder abuse and neglect, including a thorough history and physical examination combined with the use of standardized validated screening tools. To better assess and treat victims of suspected abuse, physicians can also employ a multidisciplinary team or recruit available resources in the hospital and the community, such as case managers, social workers, and primary care providers to create safety plans for at-risk elders.</p>","PeriodicalId":38728,"journal":{"name":"Emergency medicine practice","volume":"26 9","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emergency department management of patients with complications of dialysis.","authors":"Hemang Acharya, Sabrina M Tennant, Kathleen Yip","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the United States, more than 450,000 patients are on dialysis due to end-stage renal disease. Compared to the general population, these patients account for a disproportionate number of emergency department visits due to higher rates of infection and cardiovascular complications, as well as issues unique to the process of dialysis itself, such as vascular access problems and dialysis disequilibrium syndrome. This issue describes the pathophysiology arising from hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis-related complications, as well as the evaluation and initial treatment within the emergency department, based on best available evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":38728,"journal":{"name":"Emergency medicine practice","volume":"26 7","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141432980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Managing emergency department patients with opioid use disorder.","authors":"Corey S Hazekamp, Dana Sacco","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the United States continues to grapple with the opioid crisis, emergency clinicians are on the front lines of managing patients with opioid use disorder. This issue reviews tools and best practices in emergency department management of patients with opioid overdose and opioid withdrawal, and how substance use history will inform treatment planning and disposition. As growing evidence shows that medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD)- buprenorphine, methadone, and naltrexone-can have lasting impacts on patients' addiction recovery, strategies for assessing patient readiness for MOUD and overcoming barriers to emergency department initiation of these medications are reviewed. Newer approaches to buprenorphine dosing (high-dose, low-dose, home induction, and long-acting injectable dosing) are also reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":38728,"journal":{"name":"Emergency medicine practice","volume":"26 6","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current concepts in ketamine therapy in the emergency department.","authors":"Reuben J Strayer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ketamine has been in use since its development as a dissociative anesthetic in the 1960s, but it was largely confined to the operating theater or austere environments until used by emergency physicians to facilitate painful procedures in children. As the unique effects of ketamine across its dose-response curve were understood, new applications emerged. In low doses, ketamine has found an important role alongside or instead of opioids in the management of severe pain, and methods to slow its absorption allow higher, more effective doses while attenuating psychoperceptual effects. Ketamine's unique anesthetic properties have inspired its use as an induction agent for intubation without a paralytic and for the rapid, safe control of dangerously agitated patients. Emerging uses for ketamine in acute care include treatment for status epilepticus and alcohol withdrawal syndrome; however, its most important rising indication may be as an emergency treatment of depression and suicidality.</p>","PeriodicalId":38728,"journal":{"name":"Emergency medicine practice","volume":"26 5","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140865955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emergency department management of North American snake envenomations.","authors":"Chiemela B Ubani, Dawn R Sollee, Sophia Sheikh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are approximately 10,000 emergency department visits in the United States for snakebites every year, and one-third of those involve venomous species. Venomous North American indigenous snakes include species from the Crotalinae (pit vipers) and Elapidae (coral snakes) subfamilies. Treatment relies on supportive care, plus antivenom for select cases. While certain principles of management are widely accepted, controversies exist with regard to prehospital use of pressure immobilization, antivenom use, coagulation testing after copperhead envenomation, and fasciotomy. An evidence-based approach to management of North American venomous snakebites will be discussed, along with a review of the current controversies.</p>","PeriodicalId":38728,"journal":{"name":"Emergency medicine practice","volume":"26 Suppl 2","pages":"1-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emergency department management of stroke in pregnant and postpartum patients.","authors":"Amy Emily Steinberg, Vasisht Srinivasan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternal stroke contributes to a significant burden of disease in the pregnant and postpartum patient populations, with an incidence nearly 3-fold that of comparable nonpregnant cohorts. Emergency clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for cerebrovascular injury in these patients, as rapid diagnosis and emergent management can prevent devastating neurological outcomes. Data on management of cerebrovascular injury in pregnant and postpartum patients are limited, but management of maternal stroke in the emergency department aligns closely with protocols established for nonpregnant patients. This issue discusses the risk factors associated with maternal stroke, and reviews the available evidence for emergency department management of maternal stroke, including thrombolytic and interventional therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":38728,"journal":{"name":"Emergency medicine practice","volume":"25 Suppl 12","pages":"1-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138799696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emergency department management of methamphetamine toxicity.","authors":"Sherell Hicks, Briana D Miller","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Management of patients who are acutely intoxicated with methamphetamine (a member of the substituted amphetamine class of drugs) can be resource-intensive for most emergency departments. Clinical presentations of the methamphetamine sympathomimetic toxidrome range from mild agitation to rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, seizures, and intracranial hemorrhage. High-quality evidence on how to best manage these patients is lacking, and most research focuses on symptomatic interventions to control patients' agitation and hemodynamics. This review analyzes the best available evidence on the diagnosis and management of emergency department patients with substituted amphetamine toxicity and offers best-practice recommendations on treatment and disposition.</p>","PeriodicalId":38728,"journal":{"name":"Emergency medicine practice","volume":"25 11","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50158985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reema Panjwani, Amritpal S Saini, Maia Winkel, Benjamin Friedman
{"title":"Evidence-based emergency department management of migraine and other primary headaches.","authors":"Reema Panjwani, Amritpal S Saini, Maia Winkel, Benjamin Friedman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Headache is the fifth most common presenting chief complaint in emergency departments, and it is vital to quickly rule out life-threatening secondary causes. Though there are many medications, new and old, that can be used to treat primary headache, the evidence for their effectiveness can be conflicting. This review describes the pathology, workup, and treatment for migraine and other primary headaches based on the best available evidence, including novel medications, nerve blocks, and strategies for preventing postdrome recurrence. Other headache disorders, including cluster headache, medication overuse headache, and chronic migraine are also reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":38728,"journal":{"name":"Emergency medicine practice","volume":"25 10","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41162411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ocular injuries: emergency department strategies.","authors":"Emily Bae, Anne Messman, Kaushal Shah","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ocular injuries are common in the emergency department, and they are the most frequent cause of noncongenital monocular blindness in children and adults. Systematic evaluation and management of ocular trauma patients will ensure these patients have the best chance for a favorable final visual outcome. This review provides evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, and disposition of patients with traumatic ocular injuries, including retrobulbar hemorrhage, traumatic hyphema, open globe injuries, ocular chemical burns, and corneal abrasions. The use of bedside ultrasound, antibiotics, cycloplegics, steroids, antifibrinolytics, and patching are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":38728,"journal":{"name":"Emergency medicine practice","volume":"25 Suppl 10","pages":"1-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41162565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emergency department management of patients with rectal bleeding.","authors":"Benjamin von Schweinitz, Justin Pinkston","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rectal bleeding accounts for approximately 1 out of every 1000 United States emergency department visits annually. The causes of rectal bleeding are broad, and can range from the benign to the life-threating. This review provides foundational knowledge on rectal bleeding as well as evidence-based recommendations for its evaluation and initial management in the emergency department. Anatomic considerations are discussed, and the differential diagnosis based on risk factors such as age and comorbid conditions is presented. Treatment recommendations based on the presumed diagnosis as well as the evidence associated with their use are also described. Decision-making, including disposition based on laboratory results, imaging studies, and application of risk scoring calculations is also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":38728,"journal":{"name":"Emergency medicine practice","volume":"25 9","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10041394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}