{"title":"Difficult airway management in trauma: a review of current guidelines.","authors":"Christian Menard, Sarah Pierce, Thomas R deTar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The American Society of Anesthesiologists and the British Difficult Airway Society have generated and revised guidelines over the past 30 years based on analyses of the causes of airway catastrophes. Guideline components include airway management algorithms, equipment standardization, and routine training. Algorithms utilize intubation, supraglottic airway insertion, fiberoptic intubation, awake intubation, and front of neck surgical access. This issue summarizes difficult airway management guidelines and discusses their application to trauma patients, including patients with physiologically difficult airways and patients with maxillofacial and laryngotracheal trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":38728,"journal":{"name":"Emergency medicine practice","volume":"27 Suppl 3","pages":"1-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emergency department management of patients with thyroid emergencies.","authors":"Jazmyn J Shaw, Cindy D Chang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients experiencing thyroid emergencies can present with a wide array of clinical presentations and comorbid conditions, so a systematic strategy to identify key historical and physical examination features can help guide the emergency clinician in recognizing these infrequent conditions. This issue review the most up-to-date evidence for diagnosing and managing decompensated hypothyroidism and thyroid storm in adult, pediatric, and pregnant patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":38728,"journal":{"name":"Emergency medicine practice","volume":"27 6","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emergency department management of patients with complications of chronic neurologic disease: Parkinson disease, myasthenia gravis, and multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Jeremy Rose, Caroline W Burmon, John Rozehnal","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This issue reviews 3 neurological conditions that can cause or complicate a patient's emergency department presentation: Parkinson disease, myasthenia gravis, and multiple sclerosis. Parkinson disease is a common comorbidity, and can be exacerbated in the ED if not managed expeditiously. Myasthenia gravis carries the potential for significant respiratory compromise and requires swift recognition and emergency care. Multiple sclerosis has many manifestaions, stages, and treatments that emergency clinicians need to understand to best manage flares. This review presents a summary of the presentations, the common pitfalls, and the roles of various therapeutics in managing patients with chronic neurologic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":38728,"journal":{"name":"Emergency medicine practice","volume":"27 5","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sodium disorders in the emergency department: a review of hypernatremia and hyponatremia.","authors":"Camiron L Pfennig, Caroline Astemborski","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Manifestation of sodium disorders will depend on the rapidity of development, the absolute level of sodium, and the patient's overall health. Acute symptomatic hypernatremia should be corrected rapidly, while chronic hypernatremia is generally corrected more slowly due to the risks for brain edema during treatment. Hyponatremia symptoms are vague, but acute severe symptomatic hyponatremia, whether self-induced, drug related, or hospital-acquired, is a medical emergency that demands immediate recognition and intervention. This issue reviews the evidence on the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of hypernatremia and hyponatremia in the emergency department, focusing on early recognition and best-practice management.</p>","PeriodicalId":38728,"journal":{"name":"Emergency medicine practice","volume":"27 4","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emergency department management of knee pain.","authors":"Vanica Guignard, John Kiel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knee pain is a common presenting complaint in the emergency department, and although the major etiologies are overuse and degenerative, inflammatory and infectious causes must be ruled out. This issue reviews the potential causes of knee pain from the history and physical examination, symptom location based differential, clinical clues, and special testing strategies. Evidence on the uses of x-ray and ultrasound for diagnostic imaging is reviewed. For suspected infectious causes, procedures for palpation-guided and ultrasound-guided arthrocentesis are outlined. Treatment strategies are summarized, with evidence on the effectiveness of weight loss, physical therapy, orthotics, medication therapies, joint injections, and nerve blocks considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":38728,"journal":{"name":"Emergency medicine practice","volume":"27 3","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143469513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Management of mild traumatic brain injury in the emergency department.","authors":"Micelle Haydel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With almost 2.9 million people in the United States seeking medical attention for head trauma each year,1 emergency clinicians face the critical task of efficiently and accurately identifying those with potentially life-threatening intracranial trauma. Due to the heterogeneity of patients, there is no one-size- fits-all approach to managing patients with suspected mild traumatic brain injury. This issue of Emergency Medicine Practice: Trauma EXTRA! reviews clinical guidelines, challenges in care for patients at extremes of ages, and strategies for managing patients with bleeding disorders or those taking anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents. Indications for imaging are also discussed, as well as which patients are at increased risk for intracranial injury and post-concussive syndrome. Management of patients with mild traumatic brain injury includes neurosurgery consultation, hospital admission for further observation, repeat imaging, or discharge home with careful discharge instructions.</p>","PeriodicalId":38728,"journal":{"name":"Emergency medicine practice","volume":"27 Suppl 2","pages":"1-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erin D'Agostino, Miguel Reyes-Zaragoza, Matthew Siket
{"title":"Management of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in the emergency department.","authors":"Erin D'Agostino, Miguel Reyes-Zaragoza, Matthew Siket","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although there is a large body of existing research on traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, there are few clear and consistent recommendations that have emerged. Appropriate management is guided by an understanding of the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury as well as by clinical observation and radiographic assessment. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature and recommendations based on the best available evidence, including expeditious management of critically elevated intracranial pressure and acquisition of follow-up studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":38728,"journal":{"name":"Emergency medicine practice","volume":"27 2","pages":"1-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alkali exposure: an evidence-based approach to diagnosis and treatment.","authors":"Sukhshant Atti, Jessica Behrndt, Alicia Hereford","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alkali caustic exposures can occur in the workplace with industrial chemicals, or in the home with common household products. These exposures, whether accidental or intentional, create risk for death or acute injury, such as airway compromise and esophageal or gastric perforation, as well as long-term complications such as stricture formation. Swift diagnosis and grading of these injuries will guide management options and are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality in these patients. This issue reviews the evidence on emergency department management of alkali caustic exposures, with a focus on decontamination, resuscitation, and appropriate disposition.</p>","PeriodicalId":38728,"journal":{"name":"Emergency medicine practice","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Abdominal pain: update on emergency department management of appendicitis and diverticulitis.","authors":"Liza Hartofilis, John K Riggins","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abdominal pain is one of the most common presenting complaints to the emergency department, and appendicitis and diverticulitis are common causes. Intra-abdominal infections have historically been managed with admission to the hospital, antibiotics, and surgical interventions, and best-practice pathways are an important part of quality programs. Advances in diagnostics and management, supported with outcome data, are impacting care pathways. This review provides an update on best practices related to the management of appendicitis and diverticulitis, with the goal of improving patient care, minimizing risk, and maximizing the patient experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":38728,"journal":{"name":"Emergency medicine practice","volume":"26 10","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abigail La Nou, Smitesh Padte, Mustafa Sajjad Cheema, Sindhura Tadisetty, Rahul Kashyap
{"title":"Drugs of addiction and stroke: diagnostic and treatment challenges in the emergency department.","authors":"Abigail La Nou, Smitesh Padte, Mustafa Sajjad Cheema, Sindhura Tadisetty, Rahul Kashyap","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drugs of addiction have been associated with an increased risk of both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. While the mechanisms that increase stroke risk are well recognized for the most commonly used substances, there is limited evidence to guide the management and treatment of stroke in the setting of concurrent substance use disorder. This review presents a comprehensive approach to evaluation and management of stroke in patients with substance use disorders. Identification of concurrent drug intoxication and guidelines for drug screening in stroke patients are discussed, along with standardized treatment strategies to improve care and outcomes in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":38728,"journal":{"name":"Emergency medicine practice","volume":"26 Suppl 9","pages":"1-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}