BioRisk Pub Date : 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.3897/biorisk.17.76939

Michaella Petkova, A. Kenarova, S. Boteva, S. Georgieva, C. Chanev, G. Radeva

{"title":"Differences in bacterial functional profiles from loamy sand and clay loam textured soils under fungicide QuadrisR impact","authors":"Michaella Petkova, A. Kenarova, S. Boteva, S. Georgieva, C. Chanev, G. Radeva","doi":"10.3897/biorisk.17.76939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.17.76939","url":null,"abstract":"The non-target effect of the fungicide QuadrisR on the bacterial community from grassland loamy sand (LS) and cropland clay loam (CL) soils with unknown history of fungicide usage was investigated. QuadrisR was applied to soil mesocosms at 0.0 mg kg-1 (Az0), 2.90 mg kg-1 (Az1), 14.65 mg kg-1 (Az2) and 35.0 mg kg-1 (Az3) calculated towards the active ingredient azoxystrobin (Az). Response of bacterial communities to QuadrisR was investigated during a 120-day incubation experiment, evaluating the shifts in bacterial catabolic profiles by the community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) technique and Biolog EcoPlatesTM method. QuadrisR decreased the overall catabolic activity (AWCD) of soil bacterial communities and the rate of decrease was independent of soil type and fungicide concentration. Fungicide affected negatively the utilisation of amines and positively that of amino acids in both soil types, whereas the effects on other carbon guilds (carbohydrates, carboxylic acids and polymers) corresponded closely to the respective soil type and fungicide concentration. Results indicated the presence of non-target effects of QuadrisR on bacterial functioning; hence, it is important to address the fungicide side-effects on soil health.","PeriodicalId":38674,"journal":{"name":"BioRisk","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46014656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Seasonal variations of the microflora of wedge clam Donax trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the region of Arkutino (Bulgarian Black Sea aquatory) Arkutino（保加利亚黑海水族馆）地区楔蚌Donax trunculus（林奈，1758）微生物区系的季节变化

BioRisk Pub Date : 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.3897/biorisk.17.77097

S. Ibryamova, Borislava K. Pavlova, Elitca Stanachkova, Seniha Salim, Aysel Lyatif, D. Dimitrov, D. Bachvarova, N. Chipev, N. Natchev, T. Ignatova-Ivanova

{"title":"Seasonal variations of the microflora of wedge clam Donax trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the region of Arkutino (Bulgarian Black Sea aquatory)","authors":"S. Ibryamova, Borislava K. Pavlova, Elitca Stanachkova, Seniha Salim, Aysel Lyatif, D. Dimitrov, D. Bachvarova, N. Chipev, N. Natchev, T. Ignatova-Ivanova","doi":"10.3897/biorisk.17.77097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.17.77097","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of the present study was to investigate the impact of the state of the environment on the microbiota of the wedge clam Donax trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the region of Arkutino (Bulgarian Black Sea aquatory). The species Enterococcus hirae was isolated during the summer (from May to August). The species P. mendocina prefers the warmer months and the species P. alcaligenes the colder ones. The temperature followed a course of decrease during the period September 2020 to January 2021, followed by a slow increase from February 2021. Comparing May 2020 with May 2021, it became evident that in 2021 the temperature was 1.5 °C lower. We can say that the number of the species P. alcaligenes was twice as high in May 2021. It is likely that this species preferred lower optimum temperatures and constant other parameters. For the species Enterococcus hirae such dependence was not observed - the number remained constant in May, but with increasing temperature the number of microorganisms decreased during the summer months. The species seemed to preferably develop at pH 7.78. The species A. gyllenbergii preferably grows at temperatures between 20.3–25.7 °C and the optimal temperature was 25.7 °C. For C. farmeri the optimum conditions were temperature 26.2 °C and pH 7.3. The species E. vulneris was probably related not only to the increase in water temperature, but also to the anthropogenic factor, as it was found only in July.","PeriodicalId":38674,"journal":{"name":"BioRisk","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46140929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Forests of Breznik municipality 布列兹尼克市Forests

BioRisk Pub Date : 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.3897/biorisk.17.77388

B. Grigorov, N. Velev, A. Assenov, M. Nazarov, B. Genova, K. Vassilev

引用次数: 1

Ecocide – global consequences (pesticides, radionuclides, petroleum products) 生态灭绝-全球后果(农药、放射性核素、石油产品)

BioRisk Pub Date : 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.3897/biorisk.17.77438

R. Metcheva, P. Ostoich, M. Beltcheva

{"title":"Ecocide – global consequences (pesticides, radionuclides, petroleum products)","authors":"R. Metcheva, P. Ostoich, M. Beltcheva","doi":"10.3897/biorisk.17.77438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.17.77438","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of environmental pollution is becoming increasingly important on a global scale. Man has oversaturated the environment of his habitat with harmful and most often toxic waste. It is difficult to describe all the toxic substances, as a separate book can be written for each group. The term “ecocide” has been introduced, which reflects large-scale destruction of the natural environment. We will focus only on three classes of pollutants that are of particular concern, creating environmental conflicts. These are:\u0000 • Pesticides are extremely toxic and create large amounts of non-degradable waste. It accumulates in tissues and organs of target organisms, becoming toxic and causing serious pathological changes in the body, mainly at the cellular and subcellular levels, causing various diseases and as a result, serious changes in the structure and functions of the populations and the whole ecosystem are increasingly observed.\u0000 • Waste from the nuclear industry and radioactive fallout from nuclear explosions. It is especially dangerous that radioactive elements can be concentrated in certain organs.\u0000 • Petroleum products - often large quantities end up in the seas and oceans, along with industrial waste of various kinds, impossible to compensate for by nature and they pose a serious threat to ecosystems, many of which have already been destroyed.\u0000 At the submolecular level, chemical and physical effects can lead to genetic rearrangements (mutations); destructive ionization in the tissues of every living being, sometimes with completely unexpected consequences for humans.","PeriodicalId":38674,"journal":{"name":"BioRisk","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46845986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radiation status of soils from the region of the Eastern Rhodopes (Southern Bulgaria) 东罗多彼地区(保加利亚南部)土壤的辐射状况

BioRisk Pub Date : 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.3897/biorisk.17.77432

Milena Hristozova, R. Lazarova

引用次数: 0

Natural zeolites as detoxifiers and modifiers of the biological effects of lead and cadmium in small rodents: A review 天然沸石作为小型啮齿动物体内铅和镉的解毒剂和生物学效应调节剂的研究进展

BioRisk Pub Date : 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.3897/biorisk.17.77435

M. Beltcheva, P. Ostoich, Iliana Aleksieva, R. Metcheva

引用次数: 0

Comparative determination of antimicrobial activity of the Balkan endemic species Stachys thracica Davidov during the process of ex situ conservation Comparative巴尔干特有种Stachys thracica Davidov迁地保护过程中抗菌活性的测定

BioRisk Pub Date : 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.3897/biorisk.17.77484

D. Mantovska, D. Petrova, Lybomira Yocheva, Z. Yordanova

{"title":"Comparative determination of antimicrobial activity of the Balkan endemic species Stachys thracica Davidov during the process of ex situ conservation","authors":"D. Mantovska, D. Petrova, Lybomira Yocheva, Z. Yordanova","doi":"10.3897/biorisk.17.77484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.17.77484","url":null,"abstract":"Stachys thracica Davidov – Thracian woundwort is a Balkan endemic plant included in The Red Data Book of Bulgaria with conservational status “rare”. The plants from genus Stachys have a long history of use to treat various diseases, inflammatory conditions, coughs, ulcers, genital tumors, and infected wounds. Due to its limited distribution the information on the biological activity and chemical composition of S. thracica is rather scarce. The aim of the present research is the comparative determination of the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts obtained from in situ wild, in vitro cultivated and ex vitro adapted S. thracica plants. The in vitro shoot culture of the Thracian woundwort was maintained in hormone-free MS medium under controlled environmental conditions. The methanolic extracts from in situ, in vitro cultivated and ex vitro adapted S. thracica plants were active mainly against Gram-negative bacteria. All three extracts showed equal activity against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. The establishment of in vitro shoot culture and its subsequent adaptation in ex vitro conditions was an appropriate alternative approach for the ex situ conservation of S. thracica as well as for the study of its biological activity.","PeriodicalId":38674,"journal":{"name":"BioRisk","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44462911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Sexually-manifested variations in pigmentation of Boeckella poppei (Copepoda, Calanoida) from Livingston Island (Maritime Antarctica) Sexually-manifested利文斯顿岛(南极海域)波波贝(桡足目，卡拉伊目)色素沉着的变化

BioRisk Pub Date : 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.3897/biorisk.17.75988

I. Pandourski, Vesela V. Evtimova, L. Kenderov

{"title":"Sexually-manifested variations in pigmentation of Boeckella poppei (Copepoda, Calanoida) from Livingston Island (Maritime Antarctica)","authors":"I. Pandourski, Vesela V. Evtimova, L. Kenderov","doi":"10.3897/biorisk.17.75988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.17.75988","url":null,"abstract":"Antarctic environments are exposed to high levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) that are often detrimental to their biota. Recent studies suggest that the genus Boeckella (Copepoda, Calanoida) has a high level of plasticity in terms of its reaction to UVR, which enables its wide distribution in various water bodies in Antarctica. Boeckella poppei is common in freshwater habitats of all three main biogeographic regions in Antarctica: sub-Antarctic islands, maritime and continental. We present for the first time a specific photoprotective response in populations of B. poppei from Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctica. In non-ovigerous females and in males, we observed uniform distribution of carotenoids in the body, while these pigments were almost entirely concentrated in the ovisacs of mature females. We consider this as a means of progeny protection from the teratogenic influence of the high level of UVR in Antarctic environments. Unequivocally, such adaptation would facilitate the expansion of B. poppei on the continent through colonisation and survival in shallow freshwater habitats. Given that the Antarctic environment is dynamically changing over the past decades and the accelerated retreat of permanent ice cover is a premise for the formation of shallow ponds, B. poppei could be a suitable indicator for reflecting the ongoing global environmental changes in Antarctica.","PeriodicalId":38674,"journal":{"name":"BioRisk","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42923848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of PAHs accumulation in Donax trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Bivalvia, Donacidae) from the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast 保加利亚黑海沿岸Donax trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758) (bivalia, Donacidae)中多环芳烃积累的评价

BioRisk Pub Date : 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.3897/biorisk.17.77343

S. Georgieva, M. Stancheva, Z. Peteva, Tsveteslava I. Ivanova, A. Alexandrova

{"title":"Assessment of PAHs accumulation in Donax trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Bivalvia, Donacidae) from the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast","authors":"S. Georgieva, M. Stancheva, Z. Peteva, Tsveteslava I. Ivanova, A. Alexandrova","doi":"10.3897/biorisk.17.77343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.17.77343","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic pollution of marine ecosystems is one of the main sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Marine bivalves are often used as bioindicators of environmental pollution due to their wide distribution and capability of xenobiotic bioaccumulation. The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of PAHs in soft tissues of wedge clams Donax trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758), collected from sublittoral sandy habitats at different locations off the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Wedge clams from the different locations showed variations in the content of accumulated PAHs’ compounds. The concentrations of PAHs were measured by gas chromatography system with mass spectrometry detection. The total PAHs content (sum of 13 PAHs’ compounds) measured was in the range from 5.59 to 50.50 ng/g wet weight and was comparable with other European studies. The compounds phenanthrene and fluorene were most abundant in all analyzed samples. The results showed that low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs (2 and 3 aromatic rings) were predominant, accounting for 91% of the total PAHs levels, while high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs (4–5- and 6- rings) presence was 8.9% on average. The ratio LMW/HMWPAHs was higher than one, suggesting predominant pollution of petrogenic origin. The concentrations of benzo (a)pyrene did not exceed the limit set in EC Regulation although it was detected in 20% of the analyzed samples. In conclusion, maximum overall PAHs content was found in clams from Arkutino, while minimum PAHs content was present in samples from Elenite. The Sum PAH4 (sum of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: benzo[a]pyrene, chrisene, benzo[a]anthracene, and benzo[b]fluoranthene) in the wedge clams for all localities studied was below legislation limits. Data from the present research can be used for assessing pollution levels in the marine environment and also risk of human exposure to PAHs using D. trunculus as bioindicator species.","PeriodicalId":38674,"journal":{"name":"BioRisk","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45598210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells as a test system for assessing Zeocin toxicity 酿酒酵母细胞作为评价Zeocin毒性的试验系统

BioRisk Pub Date : 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.3897/biorisk.17.77227

P. Marinovska, T. Todorova, A. Tomova, E. Pisareva, K. Boyadzhiev, M. Dimitrov, P. Parvanova, M. Dimitrova, S. Chankova, V. Petrova

{"title":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells as a test system for assessing Zeocin toxicity","authors":"P. Marinovska, T. Todorova, A. Tomova, E. Pisareva, K. Boyadzhiev, M. Dimitrov, P. Parvanova, M. Dimitrova, S. Chankova, V. Petrova","doi":"10.3897/biorisk.17.77227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.17.77227","url":null,"abstract":"Having unique genetic machinery and a high degree of conservation with higher eukaryotes, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is recognised as a smart experimental system for studying the modes of chemical toxicity. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the changes in the intracellular redox homeostasis and key macromolecule structure following exposure to Zeocin. Cell populations of logarithmic, quiescent (Q) and non-quiescent (NQ) cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 were used as a model to examine the cytotoxic effect of this radiomimetic. The levels of endogenous ROS, oxidized lipids, carbonylated proteins, and glutathione were analysed after treatment with Zeocin (IC50). An increase in ROS production and respectively increased oxidative stress was detected in all three types of cell populations, with the highest degree being observed in proliferating S. cerevisiae BY4741 cells. The stress response of both proliferating and stationary phase (Q and NQ) cells to Zeocin included an overexpression of glutathione. The quiescent cells also showed very low DNA susceptibility to high Zeocin concentration (100–300 µg/ml), presented as no induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the macromolecule. Based on our research it could be concluded that the cellular physiological state is a critical factor determining the resistance to environmental stress with Q cells being the most robust.","PeriodicalId":38674,"journal":{"name":"BioRisk","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48396466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

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