Open Transportation Journal最新文献

{"title":"Willingness to Pay for Autonomous Vehicles before and after Crashes: A Demographic Analysis for US Residents","authors":"Kareem Othman","doi":"10.2174/18744478-v17-e230419-2022-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18744478-v17-e230419-2022-6","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 It is anticipated that autonomous vehicles (AVs) can achieve many benefits, such as improving traffic safety and increasing mobility of people with limited modes of transportation. However, the public attitude remains the controlling factor determining the degree to which AVs can achieve these benefits. While it is expected that the public acceptance of AVs would increase over time due to the increase in the level of awareness and knowledge about this new technology, previous surveys show that people become more pessimistic towards AVs over time. While this pattern has never been investigated, some studies link this negative shift in the attitude to AVs accidents.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study focuses exclusively on understanding the impact of AV crashes on the willingness to pay extra to buy an AV for people from the US. In addition, the analysis focuses on evaluating changes in the willingness to pay for AVs before and after crashes for people with different demographics in order to understand how the different groups react to these accidents.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A questionnaire survey was designed and conducted between February and September of 2022 and a total of 2,144 responses were received and analyzed to understand the impact of these crashes on respondents with different demographic properties (age, gender, household income, educational level, prior knowledge about AVs, and prior knowledge about AV crashes). In addition, hypothesis testing was utilized in order to evaluate whether the changes in the willingness to pay extra for AVs after introducing the accidents are significantly different from the willingness to pay for AVs before introducing the accidents.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results show that the willingness to pay extra to buy an AV decreased by 29% after the crashes were introduced to the respondents, while the decline in the willingness to pay extras varies across the different demographic groups investigated.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results show the significant negative impact of AV crashes on the public attitude as the average willingness to pay extra for AVs decreased from 8,412 USD before the crashes to 6,007 USD after the crashes. In addition, the results show that the decrease in the willingness to pay for AVs is statistically significant for different demographic groups.\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":38631,"journal":{"name":"Open Transportation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48720907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Eye-tracking System Effectiveness in Field and Driving Simulator Studies","authors":"A. Calvi, F. D’Amico, Andrea Vennarucci","doi":"10.2174/18744478-v17-e230404-2022-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18744478-v17-e230404-2022-49","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Several studies have been conducted by combining the benefits of eye-tracking systems with driving simulators to simultaneously investigate driving behavior and the potential source of distraction. However, little effort has been made in terms of eye-tracking validation in the driving simulator environment.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The overall aim of this study is to validate an eye-tracking system within the context of a driving simulation environment by considering a specific urban context application.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A field survey and a driving simulation experiment were conducted for a case study in Rome, Italy. The selected real road sections and events were reproduced on the driving simulator system. An eye-tracking system was used to record eye movements both on a real vehicle and the simulator. The eye movements of 14 participants in the field survey and 18 participants in the driving simulation tests, as well as their driving performances, were collected while approaching an urban intersection in relation to two specific road events: i) the presence of a speed limit sign and ii) the presence of a crossing pedestrian.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Eye tracker parameters and driving performances were compared between the real driving tests and driving simulator experiments in order to validate the eye-tracking system. It was validated for both events in terms of duration and distance of the eye fixation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results demonstrated that an eye-tracking system is an effective tool for studies and applications in a virtual reality environment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38631,"journal":{"name":"Open Transportation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46954777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric Study on the Influence of Pedestrians' Road Crossing Pattern on Safety","authors":"Sathya Prakash, Krishnamurthy Karuppanagounder","doi":"10.2174/18744478-v17-e230120-2022-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18744478-v17-e230120-2022-8","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The present research concentrates on studying the road crossing time of pedestrians based on their pattern of the road crossing. The factors that influence the road occupancy time due to the irregular road crossing patterns of pedestrians have been studied.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The research used a videographic survey of three midblock locations with different land-use types. The pedestrian variables from the video data are extracted to excel using a custom-made video player. The data set consists of 8718 pedestrian data, including all three sites, and the data is analysed using statistical methods. A binary logit analysis is performed to predict the variable influencing the crossing time High/Low.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 According to the analysis, females making path changes and an increase in stage number show a higher road crossing time for pedestrians. Also, the absence of motor vehicles results in a higher road crossing time for pedestrians. The prediction accuracy of the model is 58.2%, and a variance of 6% shows a lesser degree of spread in the dataset.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The inference from the study is that the crossing time of path-changing pedestrians is more than straight-moving pedestrians. Thus, an increase in road crossing time decreases the safety of pedestrians by increasing the exposure rate while crossing the road. So, the probability of safety risk is high when they practice irregular road crossing patterns.\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":38631,"journal":{"name":"Open Transportation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49177261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Crash Modification Factor (CMF) Estimation","authors":"Mohammad Nour Al-Marafi, K. Somasundaraswaran","doi":"10.2174/18744478-v17-e230120-2022-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18744478-v17-e230120-2022-38","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Road authorities and road safety experts are involved with estimating the expected outcomes originating from road safety treatments. Information derived from proposed treatments enables planners to make comparisons between the expected savings from crash reductions and associated treatment costs.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The purpose of this review is to provide direction to agencies and practitioners interested in estimating safety effectiveness.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Specifically, this study discusses the main methods for developing CMFs, including an overview of each method, data considerations, and their strengths and weaknesses. It also discusses the techniques of estimating combined CMFs resulting from multiple safety treatments.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The review showed that observational Before–After (BA) studies with the Empirical Bayes (EB) and Full Bayes (FB) approaches provides enhanced consistency and precision for the estimated safety effectiveness. Alternatively, the cross-sectional method can be adopted in cases where observational BA studies are not practical due to data restrictions. Five additional techniques for estimating combined CMFs are also reviewed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study notes that while there has been substantial research in the broad area, very few studies have reported comparative methods of combined CMF estimation. Future research directions and research gaps are also highlighted in this review.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38631,"journal":{"name":"Open Transportation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49368684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motorcycle Accident and Associated Factors among Commercial Motorcycle Drivers in Kindo Koyisha Woreda, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Abdi Raga, A. Asres, Serawit Samuel, Tigabu Addisu, S. Abreha","doi":"10.2174/18744478-v17-e230113-2022-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18744478-v17-e230113-2022-45","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Motorcycle accidents are a prominent cause of disability and death, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the magnitude of motorcycle accidents and associated factors among commercial motorcycle drivers.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 235 motorcycle drivers from April 1 to 22, 2021. The participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. A pretested, structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data was entered into Epi Info and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive and association measures were done. The results were presented within texts and tables.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The magnitude of motorcycle accidents among commercial motorcycle drivers was 65.1% (95% CI: 59%, 71.2%). Driving at speeds greater than 60 km/h (AOR = 8.19, 95% CI: 4.02, 11.42), driving at all hours of the day and night (AOR = 4.05, 95% CI: 1.61, 9.02), using a mobile phone while driving (AOR = 4.42, 95% CI: 2.73, 7.15), having a history of punishment (AOR = 11.05, 95% CI: 8.54, 16.28), drinking alcohol (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3, 5.14), being under 20 years old (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.56, 5.23), and having a license (AOR = 0.24, 95% CI:0.1, 0.8) were factors associated with commercial motorcycle accidents.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This finding indicated the need for continuous awareness creation and intense training, along with checking the licenses for their originality. Such a pluralistic overview can also denote the roles of proper operation and technical readiness of the motorcycles running, the proper design of urban mobility and road (cross-roads) construction, as well as the central governmental measures and policies that can act proactively to prevent such accidents from occurring.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38631,"journal":{"name":"Open Transportation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48670921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of On-Street Parking and Pedestrian Crossing on Through Traffic in Jordan","authors":"M. Khasawneh, A. Al-Omari, Rabea AL-Jarazi","doi":"10.2174/18744478-v17-e230113-2022-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18744478-v17-e230113-2022-42","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 With the dramatic rapid increase in population growth and in the use of the automobile in the world, especially in developing countries such as Jordan, related traffic problems have become more and more complex. Parking is one of the major problems that are created by increasing road traffic. Both on-street parking and pedestrian crossing are important components of the urban transport system. On-street parking is an important component of the parking system. Because of its occupancy of roadway resources, it can significantly impact traffic performance and safety. The lack of providing an adequate number of parking areas within urban central business districts (CBDs) and the lack of off-street facilities in urban neighborhood commercial areas, both result in increased on-street parking and disturbance of traffic stream. The management of on-street parking is one of the main parameters in traffic management.\u0000 In developing countries, as the number of vehicles and parking demand had increased significantly in recent years, on-street parking-related concerns are no longer confined to the city center; they extend throughout the whole urban region. Furthermore, the correlation between on-street parking and traffic safety is still a controversial issue. The research findings of this study help to develop a better understanding of both on-street parking and pedestrian crossing at mid-block location and help to plan and design proper transportation facilities on urban streets. \u0000 The model of this study can give quantitative results regarding the influence of on-street parking on through traffic operations. Findings of the study can support municipal engineering (policy decisions) for on-street parking hour permits. As delay on the street segment and road network can be calculated, municipal engineering (policy makers) can set up a maximum tolerable threshold in the delay profile to decide when street parking is permitted on which network path for how many vehicles. A time varying parking fee policy can be proposed according to actual delay caused by the parked vehicles at the entire network or the like. Many engineers are concerned about the increase in the number of accidents which are associated with on-street parking. In addition to the above-mentioned issues concerning the relationship of on street parking with through traffic movements, the pedestrian is one of the important components in urban transportation system and is vulnerable at unprotected mid-block locations under high traffic conditions.\u0000 At unprotected mid-block locations, some vehicles may yield to pedestrians who are already at crosswalk location. Moreover, because of poor construction of separated facilities and road side development especially in developing countries, pedestrians usually cross the road at unprotected mid-block locations under high traffic conditions. Furthermore, the use of most major streets in developing countries such as Jordan are not properly monitored and m","PeriodicalId":38631,"journal":{"name":"Open Transportation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47007975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Driver Response on Efficiency of Vehicular Communication using Penalty Cost Function (EVCPCF)","authors":"M. Iskandarani","doi":"10.2174/18744478-v17-e230111-2022-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18744478-v17-e230111-2022-32","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study examines and takes into account three key timing factors that have an impact on the effectiveness of human-machine interfaces (HVI). A threshold-based mechanism is created to account for both cooperative driving and advanced vehicle control system (AVCS) scenarios. For AVCS and cooperative driving, the developed model takes into account on-board machine interface time, human interface time, and transmission time.. \u0000 \u0000 A threshold function that represents the penalty cost of a slow driver reaction is presented in order to enable adaptive intelligence, enhance HVI design, and increase vehicle safety. The Penalty Cost Function (PCF) is used to make vehicle control systems intervene and take control in situations where the driver is responding slowly to safety and warning messages. Additionally, this study demonstrates that AVCS-based vehicular systems are more responsive overall and are less impacted by the PCF function than cooperative systems.\u0000 \u0000 The mathematical models created through this work allowed for a limiting efficiency value and capping for each driving scenario, according to comparative plots. This will improve the creation of more reliable control systems as part of a vehicle's mechatronics, which will affect how vehicles communicate with one another in a cooperative setting. MATLAB simulation was used to verify the mathematical model. The simulation covered two limiting cases of 0.33 and 0.5 and used incrementing numbers of vehicles (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) to check the impact of increasing vehicle numbers on communication efficiency and examine that both AVCS and AVCS with cooperative will have close levels and converge at limiting values. \u0000 \u0000 The successfully completed simulation demonstrated that throughput decreased as the number of vehicles increased, although in the limiting case, both scenarios and the driving system changed virtually by the same percentage.","PeriodicalId":38631,"journal":{"name":"Open Transportation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46744730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding Vehicle Motion Data on the Internal Network","authors":"M. Ghadi","doi":"10.2174/18744478-v17-e230111-2022-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18744478-v17-e230111-2022-37","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Encrypting functions of vehicle internal networks make the lives of third parties more difficult since, in most cases, the meaning of messages carried by the CAN bus is not disclosed\u0000 \u0000 This paper proposes a reverse engineering method to discover, to a large extent, the semantics of CAN messages in a vehicle internal network. \u0000 \u0000 A filtering mechanism has been applied that includes several statistical processes to interpret the codes of CAN messages. The speed change function of a vehicle has been chosen as an example to be followed in the development steps of this approach to predict the motion mechanism of the vehicle. The selected codes were verified by developing a multilevel model that relates the hierarchical relationship between the bytes and IDs and their impact on the speed factor. \u0000 \u0000 The most influential IDs and bytes on vehicle speed function were: ID 512, ID 520, ID 664, and B2, B4, B6, respectively. \u0000 \u0000 The selected codes used to model the observed speed do not mean they all share the speed function, but there is a good possibility that at least some fulfill this function. However, the same methodology can be applied, with some optimization, to detect other semantic messages in the CAN network based on the expected type of data.","PeriodicalId":38631,"journal":{"name":"Open Transportation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46607942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Efficiency Improvement with Reversible Substations for Electrified Transportation Systems","authors":"A. Mariscotti, Domenico Giordano, D. Signorino","doi":"10.2174/18744478-v17-e230109-2022-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18744478-v17-e230109-2022-13","url":null,"abstract":"More and more often overall energy efficiency of an electrified transportation system appears as target of new constructions, sometimes with incomplete definitions of performance indexes to assess that target has been reached. A worked out example is based on the introduction of reversible substations. Reversible substations are a method to improve energy efficiency, whose application in an existing system can be progressive and does not require large traffic intensity to be effective. Their effectiveness depends on some system parameters (nominal catenary voltage in particular). A simulation model fed with experimental data from a line section of Metro de Madrid is used to demonstrate the operation and optimization of reversible substations.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The ambitious reduction of CO2 greenhouse gas emission within 2050 declared by the European Commission also involves transportation systems. In this context an optimum recovery of the electric braking energy produced by railway vehicles is more and more relevant. Several strategies to completely recover the braking energy are being developed and applied. A methodology that allows the accurate determination of the amount of recovered energy in real operating conditions becomes then a valuable tool.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Reversible substations are one of the braking energy recovery methods that are widely applicable. Their effect is analyzed in a system perspective, considering them integrated in the transportation system with its dynamics and various operating points. The effectiveness and consequences of the operation of one or more reversible substations are evaluated by identifying relevant system conditions and scenarios.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 An electric network model is provided, fed by measured timetable and traction current. Simulation results are analyzed and compared with some experimental results: simulation configurations will be selected to match those of the available experimental data.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The selected substation no-load output voltage level has a significant effect on efficiency and performance of reversible substations. A reduction of 50 V, from 1700 V to 1650 V produces a decrease of the energy dissipated by the braking rheostat on-board trains of about 13%. The voltage increase caused during braking phases is kept under control better for track positions close to reversible substations: tests show that line voltage increase is 2.5% of nominal value with a reversible substation, and only 0.5% when it is operated. Trimming the thresholds that trigger the operation of the on-board braking chopper (intermingling regenerative and dissipative braking) has a dramatic effect on regenerability: a reduction of 50 V causes an improvement of 19%.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The paper presents a methodology that merges measurements and circuital model to investigate on the energy saving provided by reversible substations supplying railway system. The methodology has been applied to a real case. Preliminary results regarding the impact of supply ","PeriodicalId":38631,"journal":{"name":"Open Transportation Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42290470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Methodology to Identify the Hinterland for Freight Ports by Transportation Cost Functions","authors":"D. Gattuso, G. Cassone, D. Pellicanò","doi":"10.2174/18744478-v17-e230109-2022-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18744478-v17-e230109-2022-26","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The competitiveness of a port depends on the hinterland characteristics, among other factors. In particular, hinterland accessibility and the efficient inland logistics are key factors in ensuring the speed of goods flows. The port systems have to be configured as an efficient and logistically effective interface between oceanic maritime trade and inland trade.\u0000 The paper has been elaborated starting from a research carried out in the European ISTEN project (Integrated and Sustainable Transport in the Efficient Network), aiming to improve the intermodal connections among the ports of the Adriatic-Ionian area and among the ports and their hinterlands.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The objective of the work is to propose an original approach for identifying the port hinterland based on the evaluation of transport times and costs in the whole supply chain (from the origin in the foreland zone, to a final destination in the hinterland).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The analyses have been carried out both by considering separately the transport time and monetary cost components and generalized transport cost. The methodology involves a wide research of data and careful analysis of the port hinterland connectivity. An analytical application is proposed in order to identify and to compare the potential hinterlands of two Italian ports, Gioia Tauro and Genoa.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results of the proposed analyses show that the geographical distribution of the port hinterlands changes significantly in relation to the reference drivers in terms of monetary cost and time along the intermodal international paths; this has led to further analyses considering the transport generalized cost which has integrated in a single indicator the travel time and monetary cost.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of the proposed approach is to overcome the limits of the methodologies of sector based on geographical characteristics that focuses attention only on market aspects considering marginally the transport component. The methodology is transferable to other contexts and to other types of freight interchange node by adapting the cost functions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38631,"journal":{"name":"Open Transportation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49457034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}