{"title":"British Liberalism and the Legacy of Saint-Simon : the Case of Richard Cobden","authors":"A. Howe","doi":"10.1400/113214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/113214","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the important engagement of the British liberal Richard Cobden (1804-1865) with the ‘practical socialism’ of Saint-Simonism. Cobden established close personal ties with leading Saint-Simonians, but what particularly drew them together was a common vision of free trade, peace, and global economic progress. This ideological affinity led to close practical cooperation in schemes such as the Anglo- French commercial Treaty of 1860 but they remained fundamentally divided on the value of colonies. Here Cobden’s liberal belief in the self-organisation of society through individual freedom clashed with the Saint-Simonian readiness to promote the civilizational benefits of colonial domination.","PeriodicalId":38602,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Ideas","volume":"11 1","pages":"1000-1013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66582342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Paretian Tradition of Dynamic General Equilibrium in Italy's Interwar Period","authors":"M. Pomini","doi":"10.1400/113198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/113198","url":null,"abstract":"The Paretian tradition has been one of the most important research strands in the interwar period in Italy. It included a small but strong group of economists, among them the notable Luigi Amoroso and Giulio La Volpe. The more ambitious project carried out by the Paretians was the dynamization of the theory of general equilibrium. In accordance with the main international research programs, also in Italy, the 1930s were the years of economic dynamics. Luigi Amoroso, following his scientific formation and emphasizing the analogies using physical sciences, in particular rational mechanics, proposed a view of economic dynamics based on the habits; La Volpe turned his attention to choices grounded in plans and predictions, that is, in the future. The Paretian approach to dynamics was one of the most original products of the Italian tradition during this period, at least in the field of pure theorizing, but, for the reasons that we will attempt to explore, it did not have a significant impact in the working out of economic dynamics in the post-war period.","PeriodicalId":38602,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Ideas","volume":"17 1","pages":"1000-1027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66582162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Making of the Leif Johansen Multi-Sectoral Model","authors":"O. Bjerkholt","doi":"10.1400/121161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/121161","url":null,"abstract":"The paper traces the roots of Leif Johansen’s 1960 monograph A Multi-Sectoral Study of Economic Growth, recognized as the first computable general equilibrium (cge) model. Although Johansen might have been much attracted towards a purely theoretical study of a multi-sectoral equilibrium growth process he chose to construct an empirical model, calibrated to fit the Norwegian economy in 1950. Johansen’s Model combined Leontief ’s input-output analysis with Solow-type production functions and a Frisch-influenced specification of consumption demand. His work became influential on the further cge development. Johansen died at the age of 52 in 1982 and is regarded as the (only) intellectual heir of his teachers Ragnar Frisch and Trygve Haavelmo in originality and profoundness.","PeriodicalId":38602,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Ideas","volume":"17 1","pages":"103-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66583550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Patinkin, Keynes and the Z curve","authors":"M. E. Brady, Rogério Arthmar","doi":"10.1400/121162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/121162","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reconstructs how Keynes managed to formally develop the concept of aggregate supply in chapter 20 of the General Theory. As a preamble, the first section recaps Don Patinkin’s long struggle to devise the correct expression for the so-called Z curve while, at the same time, he emphasized Keynes’ mathematical inability to have properly conceived such a concept. The second section shows not only that Keynes did not make any major error while devising the idea of an aggregate supply curve but also that he gave it an adequate foundation following the original approach previously formulated by Pigou.","PeriodicalId":38602,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Ideas","volume":"17 1","pages":"1000-1020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66583573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Economics of Education in Italy (1960-1975): An Outlook of Economic Planning","authors":"Stefano Spalletti","doi":"10.1400/92995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/92995","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1960, Italian economic planning has been accompanied by studies on the corresponding development in manpower requirements and the means to satisfying them. A Svimez work in 1961 was the very first attempt to follow this issue. It certainly suffered from the absence of preliminary background studies, but equally opened the way to long-term social-economic forecasting. During the sixties, Svimez and Censis approached the question of wealth generation from investments in education more deeply, also contributing to the «Mediterranean Regional Project», the first major international experience of educational planning. The early utilization of the manpower forecasting approach directed scholars’ attention toward the economics of education, persuading some Italian economists to work in this field and to take the role of investments in human capital into a greater consideration.","PeriodicalId":38602,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Ideas","volume":"16 1","pages":"225-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66641193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Keynes on the Marginal Efficiency of Capital and the Great Depression","authors":"Lefteris Tsoulfidis","doi":"10.1400/99214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/99214","url":null,"abstract":"This paper argues that Keynes’s analysis of the marginal efficiency of capital is consistent with the principle of effective demand and is, in this sense, characteristically different from the related classical or neoclassical conceptualisations. Furthermore, the notion of the marginal efficiency of capital is used not only as an explanation of the short term fluctuations in the level of economic activity but also as an interpretation of more serious long term fluctuations such as that of the great depression. Finally, some of Keynes’s economic policy proposals are critically evaluated.","PeriodicalId":38602,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Ideas","volume":"121 1","pages":"65-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66642310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Einaudi's Liberal Heritage: A Short Reply","authors":"A. Giordano","doi":"10.1400/92997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/92997","url":null,"abstract":"In his accurate review of my book, Paolo Silvestri raises some points which deserve to be discussed in wider detail. As correctly stated by Silvestri, two questions appear to be crucial in the understanding of Luigi Einaudi's political and economic thought: the anthropological foundation of liberalism and, consequently, his vision of individual liberty. In this short reply I will try to develop some reflection on both these topics. As to the first, Silvestri recalls Adam Smith's 'prudent man' as Einau di's main anthropological model. Smith, I argue in my book,1 was cer tainly one of the main sources of inspiration for Einaudi, but I wonder whether this 'prudent man' might satisfy at all his requests. In my view, there is something that goes beyond the bonus paterfamilias outline and even the same image of the 'self-made man', that can be partially included in the former: Einaudi very often stressed the importance of another model, the independent entrepreneur who, at his own risk and following the intuition of his genius, opens new roads for himself and for mankind. We cannot explain, Einaudi writes many times, the legit imacy of profits and the very idea of progress though moral, political or merely economic without relying on this peculiar character. If we turn to some of Einaudi's most important essays, from his first book Un Principe mercante (A Merchant Prince)2 to the last Prediche inutili (Useless Preachings)3 we are forced to admit that the courageous en trepreneur is often portrayed as the modern-times hero. He is not only the man who struggles to better himself and his family: he is somehow a gambler, in the sense that he undergoes heavy risks in order to reach his own goals. Einaudi seems to accept both these models 'prudent man' and 'courageous entrepreneur' and to consider them equally fundamen tal for the establishment of a liberal society: no surprise in this, since they match precisely with his two main visions of life. Market econo my and liberal democracy must be grounded on a moral and juridical","PeriodicalId":38602,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Ideas","volume":"16 1","pages":"253-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66641258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Einaudi's Liberal Heritage","authors":"P. Silvestri","doi":"10.1400/92996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/92996","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38602,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Ideas","volume":"16 1","pages":"245-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66641208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Richard Musgrave and his Band of Merit Goods","authors":"A. Balestrino","doi":"10.1400/99211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/99211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38602,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Ideas","volume":"16 1","pages":"17-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66642701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Demand and Smith's Price Theory: a Rejoinder","authors":"T. Aspromourgos","doi":"10.1400/99217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/99217","url":null,"abstract":"Mr. Malthus appears to understand, by his short phrase, 'the principle of demand and supply' some thing different from what I should, as a reader of Smith only, have understood it to mean: I should have said, it meant that principle, which tends to bring the respective prices of things into such a state as will equalize, as nearly as is possible, the profits, Sic., obtained in the production of each. But that principle does not then determine, what that state is.","PeriodicalId":38602,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Ideas","volume":"16 1","pages":"1000-1005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66642328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}