Forum of Clinical Oncology最新文献_第2页

Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity in Clonal Evolution of Nonsmall-cell Lung Cancer: Implications for Therapy 非小细胞肺癌克隆进化的时空异质性:对治疗的启示

Forum of Clinical Oncology Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.2478/fco-2023-0005

A. Koulouris, C. Tsagkaris, G. Mountzios

{"title":"Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity in Clonal Evolution of Nonsmall-cell Lung Cancer: Implications for Therapy","authors":"A. Koulouris, C. Tsagkaris, G. Mountzios","doi":"10.2478/fco-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fco-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Tumoral heterogeneity has been associated with treatment resistance and failure in patients with cancer. Tumoral heterogeneity can be either intertumoral (static variation of cancer cells) or intratumoral (spatial and temporal variation of cancer cells). Nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is considered a model disease for the study of tumoral heterogeneity, given the emerging evidence about the clinical implications of genetic variations among NSCLC subtypes. This review provides an overview of the etiology, detection, and management methods of intratumoral heterogeneity in NSCLC and discusses their clinical implications. Methods The authors searched biomedical databases (Medline, Scopus, Embase) for studies reporting on intratumoral heterogeneity in NSCLC. Results Intratumoral heterogeneity occurs in single tumors, multiple tumors in the same organs, primary tumors and metastases, and among distinct metastases. Genetic (selective pressure, clonal evolution, genomic instability) and nongenetic pathways (tumor metabolism, hypoxia) precipitate heterogeneity across the spatial and temporal progression of the disease. Proposed classifications are based either on cancer subtypes or mutations detected and metastasis sites. Liquid biopsies (cell-free DNA, circulating tumor cells) combined with imaging (computed tomographies (CTs), positron emission tomography/computed tomographies (PET/CTs)) have a major potential for the continuous minimally invasive monitoring of intratumoral heterogeneity in comparison to conventional biopsies. Targeted therapies have a higher likelihood to induce heterogeneity and resistance, while PD-L1 immunotherapy represents a promising therapeutic strategy. Conclusion Spatial and temporal intratumoral heterogeneity within a single patient sets additional challenges to personalized precision medicine, calling for continuous cellular and molecular-level surveillance and adequate adjustment of the treatment plan.","PeriodicalId":38592,"journal":{"name":"Forum of Clinical Oncology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136012627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Breast in a Patient with Previous History of Rectal Cancer: A Case Report 既往有直肠癌病史的患者发生乳腺梭形细胞癌1例

Forum of Clinical Oncology Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.2478/fco-2023-0003

Rasha Raed Al-Mallah, Marwa Haitham Al-Najafi, Yehya Dh. Zakaria

{"title":"Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Breast in a Patient with Previous History of Rectal Cancer: A Case Report","authors":"Rasha Raed Al-Mallah, Marwa Haitham Al-Najafi, Yehya Dh. Zakaria","doi":"10.2478/fco-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fco-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Spindle cell carcinoma of the breast is a very rare subtype of metaplastic breast cancer with aggressive behaviour in comparison with invasive ductal carcinoma, which is the most common histological type of breast cancer. It has a poor prognosis and a controversial response to systemic therapy. Aim of this study The aim of this study is to shed light on this uncommon but aggressive type of breast cancer. Case Presentation In this case report, we present a 56-year-old woman with spindle cell carcinoma of the breast with a previous history of treated rectal cancer. She presented with a left breast mass. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration gave results positive for malignancy. A left mastectomy with axillary clearance was done, and the histopathology was spindle cell carcinoma of the breast. The patient refused chemotherapy until five months post-operation when she presented with local recurrence of two small masses at the site of mastectomy. New imaging revealed bilateral pulmonary metastasis. She started on single agent Adriamycin and received a total of six cycles. A CT scan of the chest and abdomen with contrast revealed disease progression. Imaging of the brain showed brain metastasis. The patient refused any kind of further chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatment until she passed away one month later from aspiration pneumonia and its complications. Conclusion Metaplastic breast cancer is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with rapid progression, a high tendency for distant metastases, a poor response to treatment, and a short survival time.","PeriodicalId":38592,"journal":{"name":"Forum of Clinical Oncology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135923011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Re-Irradiation in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck 头颈部鳞状细胞癌的再照射治疗

Forum of Clinical Oncology Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.2478/fco-2023-0002

João Barros, Mónica Rodrigues, Regina Leite, David Rothwell, Beatriz Pires, Tânia Serra, Leila Khouri, Paula Alves

{"title":"Re-Irradiation in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck","authors":"João Barros, Mónica Rodrigues, Regina Leite, David Rothwell, Beatriz Pires, Tânia Serra, Leila Khouri, Paula Alves","doi":"10.2478/fco-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fco-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Re-irradiation as a therapeutic option for locoregional recurrence in patients with recurrent, persistent tumour or second primary malignant neoplasm has great advantages for locally advanced unresectable tumours. Methods We intended to characterise the patient pool that underwent re-irradiation and to perform a comparative analysis between previously known data related to prognostic factors with an impact on 2 years OS of these patients, and evaluate the therapeutic impact of re-irradiation in patients with recurrent, persistent tumour or second primary malignant neoplasm in the head and neck region, treated at the Radiotherapy Department in Portuguese Institute of Oncology in Coimbra (IPOC), from the year 2016 to 2020. Results A total of 39 patients were included in this study. All patients were submitted to both primary radiotherapy and re-irradiation with a median time interval between treatment of 20 months (minimum: 8 – maximum: 190). Only the time between irradiations was associated with a decrease in the risk of mortality (HR=0.828; CI 95% 0.731–0.939; p=.03). There were no significant differences in terms of toxicity severity between irradiations. Conclusion Re-irradiation is an important therapeutic alternative in the treatment of patients with malignant tumours in the head and neck region.","PeriodicalId":38592,"journal":{"name":"Forum of Clinical Oncology","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136210352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of alpha and gamma Klotho genes in the development of differentiated thyroid carcinoma on top of goiter α和γ Klotho基因在甲状腺肿顶部分化性甲状腺癌发展中的作用

Forum of Clinical Oncology Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.2478/fco-2023-0006

Wesam S. El-Saeed, Marwa H. Elnagdy, Mahmoud A. Abd elghaffar, Ayman El Baz, Mohammed A. Zahran

{"title":"Role of alpha and gamma Klotho genes in the development of differentiated thyroid carcinoma on top of goiter","authors":"Wesam S. El-Saeed, Marwa H. Elnagdy, Mahmoud A. Abd elghaffar, Ayman El Baz, Mohammed A. Zahran","doi":"10.2478/fco-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fco-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is the most common malignant tumor of the endocrine system. Our study is aimed to investigate the role of the α- and γ-Klotho genes in the development and progression of DTC. Methods The expression of the α- and γ-Klotho genes was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in thyroid tissues of 40 DTC patients and 40 age- and sex-matched subjects diagnosed as goiter and included as a control group. The demographic, laboratory and clinicopathological data of the subjects were reviewed to detect their association with the Klotho genes. Results The α-Klotho gene expression was statistically significantly lower in DTC tissues compared to goiter tissues ( p < 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant association between the γ-Klotho gene expression and DTC ( p = 0.643). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed the diagnostic value of the α-Klotho mRNA levels, by providing an AUC of 0.954 value (95% CI = 0.910–0.999; p < 0.001). Lower α-Klotho gene expression associated significantly with higher stages of DTC ( p = 0.026). Logistic regression analysis declared that low α-Klotho mRNA expression was demonstrated to be a significant predictor for the likelihood of DTC on top of goiter ( p = 0.001). Conclusions Our study showed the role of the α-Klotho gene as a potential novel biomarker for discrimination between DTC and goiter tissues. Low α-Klotho mRNA expression was found to be a significant predictor for the likelihood of DTC on top of goiter, as well as higher stages of this tumor.","PeriodicalId":38592,"journal":{"name":"Forum of Clinical Oncology","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135395165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Apocrine carcinoma of the breast: Review 乳腺大汗腺癌:综述

Forum of Clinical Oncology Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.2478/fco-2023-0007

Chieh Yang, Irene Wang, Yun Yen

{"title":"Apocrine carcinoma of the breast: Review","authors":"Chieh Yang, Irene Wang, Yun Yen","doi":"10.2478/fco-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fco-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Apocrine carcinoma of the breast is a rare subtype of breast carcinoma, which only presents as 4% among patients with breast cancer. The percentage varies based on the diagnostic criteria used by each institution to classify apocrine carcinoma. Several confusing terms used in previous studies, including apocrine ductal carcinoma in situ (ADCIS), apocrine morphology in lobular carcinoma in situ (Apocrine LCIS), apocrine-like invasive carcinoma, pure apocrine carcinoma, molecular apocrine tumors (MATs), and triple-negative apocrine carcinoma of the breast (TNAC). The treatment, prognosis, and molecular profiles are also diverse. Pure apocrine carcinoma has stricter criteria for diagnosis, requiring more than 90% of cells showing apocrine morphology and classic IHC characteristics of ER-negative, PR-negative, and AR-positive in at least 10% of tumor cell nuclei. Research related to prognosis is diverse due to the difficulty of unifying the diagnostic criteria. Current evidence of treatment is geared toward the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and anti-androgen therapy when AR is present, accompanied by other treatments if biomarkers are present, such as HER2, PI3K, or CDK4/6. This article focuses on clearly summarizing different subtypes and management of apocrine carcinoma of the breast.","PeriodicalId":38592,"journal":{"name":"Forum of Clinical Oncology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135395523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Case Report on Zoledronic Acid as Palliative Treatment in Carcinoma of Lung with Bone Metastasis 唑来膦酸姑息治疗肺癌骨转移1例

Forum of Clinical Oncology Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.2478/fco-2023-0001

Y. Sandhya, M. Swathi, G. Yeshavanth, V.T. Nagaraja

{"title":"A Case Report on Zoledronic Acid as Palliative Treatment in Carcinoma of Lung with Bone Metastasis","authors":"Y. Sandhya, M. Swathi, G. Yeshavanth, V.T. Nagaraja","doi":"10.2478/fco-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fco-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bone metastasis is a general complication of advanced carcinomas, usually seen in breast cancer, prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and multiple myeloma. Zoledronic acid, which belongs to bisphosphonates, is indicated for bone metastasis caused due to carcinomas. This case report is about a patient with carcinoma of lung (Stage 4) with bone metastasis who has been provided with zoledronic acid as a palliative treatment. The patient was a 65-year-old male with the known case of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) status post (s/p) coronary artery angiography (CAG) with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 30% who was on medication. He presented with chest pain and breathlessness nine months prior and his multi-detected computed tomography (MDCT) pulmonary angiography revealed bronchogenic carcinoma. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a metabolically active lytic lesion involving the left posterior 2nd rib and degenerative changes were noted in the spine. He has now reported upper back pain for three months localised to the left and right inferior scapular region. His pain scored a nine on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and he was prescribed zoledronic acid 5mg/100ml IV infusion once in 3 weeks. On a revisit, the patient was assessed to be symptomatically better, and the pain score was lowered to 6, indicating reduced severity of discomfort. In conclusion, zoledronic acid is effective in the palliative treatment of lung cancer patients with bone metastasis.","PeriodicalId":38592,"journal":{"name":"Forum of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48050161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Expression of the Non-classical HLA-E, -F, -G Molecules in the Tumour Microenvironment 非经典HLA-E、-F、-G分子在肿瘤微环境中的表达

Forum of Clinical Oncology Pub Date : 2023-04-04 DOI: 10.2478/fco-2022-0008

A. Ormandjieva

引用次数: 0

A Rare Case of Primary Carcinosarcoma of the Breast 一例罕见的原发性乳腺癌肉瘤

Forum of Clinical Oncology Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.2478/fco-2022-0006

M. Kiakou, M. Tolia, Nektarios Koufopoulos, K. Tsapakidis, E. Arvanitou, Gkikas Konstantinos, N. Charalambakis, Michalis Nikolaou, D. Matthaios, N. Tsoukalas

{"title":"A Rare Case of Primary Carcinosarcoma of the Breast","authors":"M. Kiakou, M. Tolia, Nektarios Koufopoulos, K. Tsapakidis, E. Arvanitou, Gkikas Konstantinos, N. Charalambakis, Michalis Nikolaou, D. Matthaios, N. Tsoukalas","doi":"10.2478/fco-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fco-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Breast carcinosarcoma is a rare malignancy accounting for approximately 0.08–0.2% of all breast tumours. It is a type of metaplastic mammary carcinoma displaying biphasic differentiation with epithelial and mesenchymal cellular characteristics with probable derivation from myoepithelial cells. A 65-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a two-month history of a rapidly growing mass in her left breast. Neither her medical nor family history was positive for malignancies. Subsequently, she underwent a fine needle aspiration, which was positive for adenocarcinoma, followed by a lumpectomy with axillary lymph node dissection. The histology revealed an undifferentiated neoplasm and the immunohistochemical cell staining was positive for pan-cytokeratin, SMA, Vimentin, and S-100, suggesting the diagnosis of breast carcinosarcoma with a triple-negative immunophenotype. There was no evidence of metastasis except for a positive lymph node, indicating a stage IIIA disease. Thus, she received adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy. However, 16 months later, she presented with metastatic disease, and unfortunately, she died 4 months later due to a systemic infection. Aggressive behavior, higher staging, chemoresistance, and higher proportion of triple negative breast cancer seem to be the main characteristics of breast carcinosarcoma, which is recognised as a separate entity from common invasive ductal carcinoma, with significantly worse clinical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":38592,"journal":{"name":"Forum of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47304700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forum of Clinical Oncology Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.2478/fco-2022-0005

D. Galiti, Aikaterini Karayianni, K. Tsiklakis, A. Psyrri

{"title":"Medication Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ). Review and recent advances","authors":"D. Galiti, Aikaterini Karayianni, K. Tsiklakis, A. Psyrri","doi":"10.2478/fco-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fco-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) is defined as a complication, which affects the jawbone of patients that meet all of the following criteria: (a) patients were in the past or are now on treatment with bone targeting agents (BTAs) and/or antiangiogenics, (b) they have exposed bone or bone that can be probed through an intraoral or extraoral fistula for more than 8 weeks, and (c) they have no history of radiotherapy or obvious metastatic disease to the jaws. Since the first reports, in 2003, plethora of articles on MRONJ significantly increased our knowledge of this potentially serious complication. However, controversies about the definition and clinical presentation, risk factors, radiological findings, staging and early diagnosis, prevention and treatment may affect the successful management and the quality of life of cancer patients. The purpose of this article is to present the current knowledge about MRONJ and the recent advances to best clinical practice and treatment. Important questions will be discussed, including the following: (1) Should we wait for 8 weeks when a patient on antiresorptive therapy, presents with exposed necrotic jawbone? (2) Can we exclude the diagnosis of osteonecrosis if a patient presents without exposed bone? (3) Is the dental extraction a risk factor for MRONJ? (4) Should we perform the dental extraction, when a patient on antiresorptives, presents with a symptomatic tooth? (5) What is the role of dental or periodontal infection? (6) Shall we re-start the antiresorptives following healing of previous MRONJ?","PeriodicalId":38592,"journal":{"name":"Forum of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44824377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Retroperitoneal pararenal dedifferentiated liposarcoma with epithelioid/neuroendocrine features, somatostatin-positive. 腹膜后肾旁去分化脂肪肉瘤伴上皮样/神经内分泌特征，生长抑素阳性。

Forum of Clinical Oncology Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/fco-2022-0007

G. Gaggero, P. Bet, Davide Taietti, Marta Ingaliso, B. Spina

引用次数: 0