Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric最新文献

Support for Contribution Payers in the Field of Social Security in Connection with the Covid-19 Pandemic – Selected Legal and Economic Issues 因 Covid-19 大流行而向社会保障领域的缴费者提供支助--若干法律和经济问题

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/slgr-2023-0021

Sylwia Pangsy-Kania, Marcin Zieleniecki, K. Wierzbicka

{"title":"Support for Contribution Payers in the Field of Social Security in Connection with the Covid-19 Pandemic – Selected Legal and Economic Issues","authors":"Sylwia Pangsy-Kania, Marcin Zieleniecki, K. Wierzbicka","doi":"10.2478/slgr-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The presented study raises the issue of contribution payers in the field of social insurance, in particular based on the Covid-19 pandemic. Searching for ways of supporting was determined by the deterioration of the financial condition of entrepreneurs as payers of contributions. In 2020, there were no instruments or mechanisms to support entrepreneurs in a lockdown situation, which implied the need to build such tools and the legal environment for SMEs practically from the beginning. The Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) was entrusted with the role of a stabilizer, consisting in servicing entrepreneurs as part of subsequent editions of the Anti-Crisis Shield. During the announcement of the COVID-19 pandemic, ZUS used the following forms of support for contribution payers: exemption from the obligation to pay contributions, postponement of the payment of contributions and payment of contributions in installments. The research question concerned the enforcement of the law and respect for the basic rights of entrepreneurs in the scope of the support used. In order to solve the research task legal interpretation were used in the work. The author’s considerations lead to the conclusion that forms of support used in connection with the Covid-19 pandemic turned out to be effective and may be used in the future in emergency situations. An important science contribution of the article results from the combination of the selected legal and economic aspects.","PeriodicalId":38574,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric","volume":"32 1","pages":"393 - 407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139190097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Innovation Landscape After the Covid-19 Crisis and During the Energy Crisis 科威德-19 危机之后和能源危机期间的创新格局

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/slgr-2023-0019

Kinga Karpińska

{"title":"The Innovation Landscape After the Covid-19 Crisis and During the Energy Crisis","authors":"Kinga Karpińska","doi":"10.2478/slgr-2023-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this paper is finding an answer to a question how the current crises caused by the Covid-19 pandemic and changes in the energy sector have affected research and development and innovation? It seems likely that the COVID-19 crisis caused financial weakness for many actors, having the most significant impact on the willingness or ability of smaller firms to support R&D and innovation. However, where firms are able to sustain these investments, they will be more likely to survive, grow more strongly, and have higher profitability. A big challenge that companies face is energy changes. While the post-pandemic effects were slowly brought under control by enterprises, the energy crisis poses new challenges to companies. And here the most important challenge is not just financing, but sometimes a complete change in the line of products offered, by moving away from traditional energy sources based on oil and gas. The subjects of the analysis are companies in Poland engaged in continuous research and development activities and implementing innovations. This research was conducted by the Ayming Institute in several editions, starting in 2020, and the surveyed companies belonged to seven identified sectors: Chemical and Civil Engineering, IT & Telecoms, Energy & Biotech, Automotive & Industrial, Consumer Goods & Manufacturing, Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals and Finance & Capital.","PeriodicalId":38574,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric","volume":"181 1-4","pages":"363 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139194467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the Role of Machine Learning in Economics: A Cutting-Edge Addition or Rhetorical Device? 评估机器学习在经济学中的作用：前沿补充还是修辞手段？

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/slgr-2023-0014

Sławomir Czech

引用次数: 0

Towards Translational (Neuro)Hermeneutics of Landscape: Theoretical and Methodologial Considerations on Translational Analysis 走向景观的转化（神经）诠释学：关于转化分析的理论和方法论思考

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/slgr-2023-0009

Beata Piecychna

引用次数: 0

Export of the Agri-Food Sector in the Conditions of Recent Crises 近期危机条件下农业食品行业的出口情况

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/slgr-2023-0028

Henryk Wnorowski

{"title":"Export of the Agri-Food Sector in the Conditions of Recent Crises","authors":"Henryk Wnorowski","doi":"10.2478/slgr-2023-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2023-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Crises come and go, but it is good if, from the perspective of the past, we can point to some positives of the crisis that has just passed. Indeed, in the article we first find a snapshot of the export activity of the Polish economy in recent years, a picture which is positive, despite the very serious crises in the global economy. This picture may not be complete due to the scope of the study, but it shows what is most important in author opinion – our place in the international division of labor over the last 15 years. This place has steadily improved, with particularly spectacular increases in importance observed during the years of the Covid-19 pandemic crisis and after the outbreak of war in Ukraine. The second section of the article presents an analysis of agri-food exports in a broader time frame, dating back to the 2000s. It aims to highlight the rise of agri-food exports as a proportion of GDP and total exports. Equally fascinating is the geographical and commodity structure and the mportance of Polish agri-food imports in the total of those made by selected countries. As a result, an interesting picture of Polish agri-food exports appears to have emerged, allowing positive assessments to be formulated. Quite optimistic prognoses for the future are also noticeable.","PeriodicalId":38574,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric","volume":"53 10","pages":"511 - 522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139192697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The COVID 19 Pandemic as a Moral Test for Society COVID 19 大流行是对社会的道德考验

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/slgr-2023-0004

A. Breczko, Agata Breczko, Rafael Antonio Lopez Martinez

{"title":"The COVID 19 Pandemic as a Moral Test for Society","authors":"A. Breczko, Agata Breczko, Rafael Antonio Lopez Martinez","doi":"10.2478/slgr-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic brings up unprecedented challenges. Healthcare practitioners find themselves in an extraordinary, wartime-like situation and are obliged to apply triage on a daily basis. In this context, routine procedures prove insufficient and the redefinition of ethical practice guidelines becomes a necessity – leading not only to a shift in procedures, but also reshaping the very value of human life. This, in turn, triggers an axiological crisis, which exacerbates the tension between paradigms of sanctity and quality of life and the conflicting principles of egalitarianism and utilitarianism. Triage should not be limited to healthcare practice only: the concept can be extended to a macro-level where policymakers decide whether to prioritize human lives over livelihoods and economic health, impacting healthcare system capacity. The complexity of the challenges arising from the pandemic uncovers the urgent need to seek solutions from an integrated approach. In this paper, we offer a transdisciplinary view: we first define technical aspects of triage from the perspective of a healthcare professional. In the second part, we further analyze the problem of medical prioritization in the light of doctrinal findings related to the value of human life, and we show how and to what extent this philosophical debate is reflected in the emerging ethical guidelines in France, Spain, Italy, Belgium, Germany and Austria. Finally, we broaden the concept of triage, adding the “macro-economic” ingredient in our analysis and we present the results for selected European countries with special emphasis on the case of Poland.","PeriodicalId":38574,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric","volume":"24 43","pages":"79 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eu ETS Market Fundamental Changes 欧盟排放交易计划市场的基本变化

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/slgr-2023-0024

Joanna Sikora-Alicka

{"title":"Eu ETS Market Fundamental Changes","authors":"Joanna Sikora-Alicka","doi":"10.2478/slgr-2023-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2023-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An organization emits carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) through its daily operations, such as the electricity used to power its offices, manufacture products, and then fossil fuels used in vehicles to distribute them. This is referred to as an organization’s carbon footprint, and there is increasing stakeholder and regulatory pressure on management teams globally to reduce them. On other words, it is increasingly critical that the quantity of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that a company is releasing into the atmosphere can be accurately measured in order to ensure that is being reduced accordingly. The European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is the most crucial tool for decarbonizing Europe, but it has also become a money-making machine. States and financial investors earn; for the power industry, which pays for it, the worst thing is not the system’s presence but its instability. Huge price jumps make it impossible to plan budgets and investments sensibly. This paper provides an introduction to the EU’s Emissions Trading System. As such it provides a discussion of the historical and legal context in which the EU ETS developed and now operates. This article covers the various ways in which these market dynamics, regulatory requirements and stakeholder expectations have converged to make European carbon markets a critical topic for today’s analyst.","PeriodicalId":38574,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric","volume":"23 8","pages":"447 - 462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139189137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reflexive Understanding of the Concept of a Spouse – Comments on the Impact of the Decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Coman and Others on the Rulings of Administrative Courts 对配偶概念的反思性理解--欧盟法院在 "科曼等人案 "中的判决对行政法院裁决的影响评述

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/slgr-2023-0005

Anna Chmielarz-Grochal, B. Wojciechowski

{"title":"Reflexive Understanding of the Concept of a Spouse – Comments on the Impact of the Decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Coman and Others on the Rulings of Administrative Courts","authors":"Anna Chmielarz-Grochal, B. Wojciechowski","doi":"10.2478/slgr-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article relates to the CJEU’s understanding of the concept of the spouse in Case C-673/16 and its effect on the process of law application by Polish administrative courts. The authors considerations are based on the assumption that the CJEU’s interpretation of EU law in Coman and Others is of a dynamic-deliberative nature, based on functional rules, and that at the same it time takes into account a specific legal and socio-cultural context in which one of the fundamental freedoms guaranteed by EU law is implemented. This judgment, as authors underline, confirms that a proper understanding of the current legal context of the concept of a spouse requires that the social and cultural context and the plurality of values arising from different lifestyles be taken into account in the application and interpretation of the law, all with a view to empowering the individual in his or her relationship with the State and raising the level of protection of human rights. Authors observe in the practice od Polish administrative courts that this CJEU’s judgment is important in the argumentative layer, but not decisive for the resolution of the case in specific situations where there is a need to address the effect of same-sex marriage in a case related to the implementation of the EU right to free movement. In this context authors consider whether the justification for rulings of administrative courts may be sought in John Gray’s concept of modus vivendi liberalism.","PeriodicalId":38574,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric","volume":" 37","pages":"99 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138618885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Covid-19 Pandemic Crisis and the Technological Revolution Covid-19 大流行病危机与技术革命

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/slgr-2023-0023

Anna Protasiewicz, Elżbieta Zalesko

引用次数: 0

The Covid-19 Pandemic as a Catalyst for Income Inequality Covid-19 大流行是收入不平等的催化剂

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/slgr-2023-0027

Magdalena Tusińska

引用次数: 0