Estate Regeneration and Its Discontents最新文献

Beginnings 开始

Estate Regeneration and Its Discontents Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.46692/9781447329213.008

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The research boroughs and their estates 研究区和他们的地产

Estate Regeneration and Its Discontents Pub Date : 2021-02-26 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1k03g3p.9

Paul Watt

{"title":"The research boroughs and their estates","authors":"Paul Watt","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1k03g3p.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1k03g3p.9","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter summarises the London research boroughs and estates. The research focusses on fourteen council-built housing estates in seven boroughs: Barnet, Hackney, Haringey, Lambeth, Newham, Southwark and Tower Hamlets. Six of these boroughs (except suburban Barnet) have been among the most deprived local authority areas in England for decades, and include high levels of poverty and large Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic populations, although they have also gentrified since the 1980s. The fourteen estates are analysed in terms of their local authority origins, landlords and housing tenure, and also the rationale, progress and effects of their respective regeneration schemes. Reference is made to entrepreneurial borough strategies where relevant. In addition to the seven main boroughs, less extensive research was undertaken at five council estates in four supplementary boroughs: Brent, Camden, Waltham Forest and Westminster. The chapter provides a socio-demographic summary of the estate resident interviewees divided into four housing tenures: social tenants, Right-to-Buy owner-occupiers, temporary non-secure tenants, and owner-occupiers who bought their homes on the open market. The interviewees broadly reflect the dominant multi-ethnic working-class population of London’s social housing estates, albeit weighted towards elderly and long-term residents.","PeriodicalId":385562,"journal":{"name":"Estate Regeneration and Its Discontents","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116042481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Valued places 有价值的地方

Estate Regeneration and Its Discontents Pub Date : 2021-02-26 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1k03g3p.11

Paul Watt

{"title":"Valued places","authors":"Paul Watt","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1k03g3p.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1k03g3p.11","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines pre-regeneration estates as valued places with reference to residents’ place attachment. Social tenants and owner-occupiers were attached to their homes as domestic spaces, to their blocks of flats/rows of houses, and to their estates as neighbourhoods – not ‘sink estates’. These were valued and valuable places where long-term residents developed traditional place belonging and a sense of community. Ontological security was rooted at the home scale in solid buildings and domestic self-provisioning (Pahl), and at the block and neighbourhood spatial scales in residential longevity and accumulated local social capital (McKenzie). Residents, especially working-class women, had built up trusting and caring relationships with their neighbours over years of co-residence. Neighbourliness was enhanced by estates’ design features, such as balconies, courtyards, and green space. By purchasing their homes under the Right-to-Buy (RTB), owners deepened their spatial roots, and hence the RTB operated as a buy-to-stay mechanism. Incoming middle-class market-homeowners (gentrifiers) expressed elective belonging, rather than traditional belonging, although they also began to develop local social ties. Despite neighbourhood conviviality, London estates do not form cohesive urban villages as identified during the early post-war period (Young and Willmott), but instead are complex socio-demographic places in terms of ethnicity, age, tenure, etc.","PeriodicalId":385562,"journal":{"name":"Estate Regeneration and Its Discontents","volume":"205 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132748426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Marginalisation and inclusion 边缘化和包容

Estate Regeneration and Its Discontents Pub Date : 2021-02-26 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1k03g3p.10

Paul Watt

{"title":"Marginalisation and inclusion","authors":"Paul Watt","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1k03g3p.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1k03g3p.10","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter draws upon social tenants’ housing histories and employment experiences to assess urban marginalisation with reference to class, race and gender. Since the 1970s, social housing estates in Western cities have been characterised by poverty, deprivation and stigmatisation. London’s public/social housing has increasingly accommodated deprived and socially marginalised groups including the poor, unemployed, sick and disabled, lone-parent families, ethnic minority groups, and the homeless (Hamnett). This process has been conceptualised as residualisation, social exclusion, and socio-tenurial polarisation. These conceptual frameworks are critiqued along three dimensions. First, they have under-emphasised the dynamic, spatial and inclusionary aspects of tenants’ labour market engagement; female residents often work in the local labour market, and such employment contributes towards working-class getting by and place belonging (Chapter 6). Second, estates have become more socially and ethnically diverse and inclusionary spaces (Sassen). Third, in terms of tenure preferences, council/social housing is valued because, unlike the private rental sector (PRS), it provides security at manageable rents. Contrary to the residualisation thesis regarding social renting, it’s the PRS which has consistently been the tenure of last resort for working-class Londoners. The final section focusses on the shifting relationship between homelessness and social renting.","PeriodicalId":385562,"journal":{"name":"Estate Regeneration and Its Discontents","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130758894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urban policy: estate regeneration 城市政策:地产更新

Estate Regeneration and Its Discontents Pub Date : 2021-02-26 DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781447329183.003.0003

Paul Watt

{"title":"Urban policy: estate regeneration","authors":"Paul Watt","doi":"10.1332/policypress/9781447329183.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447329183.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the shifting rationales and funding for estate regeneration in Britain with a focus on London. It provides an overview of urban renewal in both its old slum clearance form and new estate regeneration/demolition form. The chapter identifies an early estate regeneration period (1980s-90s) that included substantial public funding. However, from the late 1990s onwards, the private sector was increasingly expected to finance regeneration, while New Labour also emphasised creating mixed-tenure communities. The New Deal for Communities’ programme is discussed within this context. Rationales for comprehensive redevelopment are examined, including the roles played by neighbourhood effects and ‘sink estate’ place myth. The concept of entrepreneurial borough is introduced in relation to London and the entrepreneurial city (Harvey). The penultimate section identifies a key shift between earlier regeneration schemes (e.g. Comprehensive Estates Initiative in Hackney), and contemporary schemes (e.g. Heygate) which are the book’s primary focus. Whereas the former produced mixed-tenure neighbourhoods including limited private housing, 21st century regeneration schemes are estate densification projects which have resulted in distinct mixed-tenure neighbourhoods weighted towards market housing for sale rather than social renting – estate regeneration masquerading as state-led gentrification. The final section examines the financial and health costs of estate demolition.","PeriodicalId":385562,"journal":{"name":"Estate Regeneration and Its Discontents","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128882258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Housing policy: the rise and fall of public housing 住房政策:公共住房的兴衰

Estate Regeneration and Its Discontents Pub Date : 2021-02-26 DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781447329183.003.0002

P. Watt

{"title":"Housing policy: the rise and fall of public housing","authors":"P. Watt","doi":"10.1332/policypress/9781447329183.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447329183.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter outlines and explains the expansion and contraction of London’s public housing from the late 19th century until the 2010s. It argues that public/council housing – the ‘wobbly pillar’ of the welfare state – has been privatised, demunicipalised and now demolished under regeneration (Chapter 3). Two broad historical periods are delineated: an expansionary period from 1900-80, followed by a contractionary period from the 1980s. This periodisation is theoretically located within the development of the Keynesian welfare state, followed by the latter’s unravelling due to forty years of neoliberalisation. The expansionary period entailed substantial housing decommodification whereby council housing became a significant feature of the metropolitan welfare state, much of which occurred under Labour local governments (e.g. London County Council). Renting from the council became a normalised part of working-class Londoners’ post-War housing experiences (Chapter 5). Such decommodification began to be undermined during the 1960s-70s under Conservative local governments. From 1979, neoliberal policies under Conservative and New Labour central governments – such as the Right-to-Buy, lack of new-building, and stock transfers to housing associations – have resulted in housing recommodification. New Labour’s Decent Homes Programme is assessed; despite some housing quality improvements, it proved to be slow and partial especially in London (Chapter 9).","PeriodicalId":385562,"journal":{"name":"Estate Regeneration and Its Discontents","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129818788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Devalued places 贬值的地方

Estate Regeneration and Its Discontents Pub Date : 2021-02-26 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1k03g3p.12

Paul Watt

{"title":"Devalued places","authors":"Paul Watt","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1k03g3p.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1k03g3p.12","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores how pre-regeneration estates became devalued places, largely connected to neoliberalisation and austerity policies and effects. Five devaluation strands are analysed: overcrowding, landlord neglect, population transience, crime and disorder, and stigmatisation. Overcrowded families living in small flats were unable to transfer to larger properties because social housing has contracted, trapping them in dwellings that no longer felt like home – un-homing. Although properties and estates were physically solid, they had been neglected due to inadequate investment, repairs and maintenance services. Landlord transfers (from the Greater London Council to the borough councils), plus managerialist restructuring (outsourcing and cutting back caretakers), also contributed to tenants’ complaints about living in a worsening environment. London estates have become more transient places due to the Right-to-Buy because of increased private landlordism, tenants and Airbnb guests. Crime, fear of crime and anti-social behaviour were important issues at some estates, but less so at others. Estates have become symbolically devalued via mass media territorial stigmatisation which has been exacerbated by austerity-related ‘poverty porn’ TV programmes. Despite such devaluations, residents generally positively valued their homes and estates (Chapter 6), and there was no mass desire to leave unlike in the case of US public housing projects (Wacquant).","PeriodicalId":385562,"journal":{"name":"Estate Regeneration and Its Discontents","volume":"46 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117310412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Urban policy: 城市政策:

Estate Regeneration and Its Discontents Pub Date : 2020-09-17 DOI: 10.4135/9781412939591.n1194

E. Heikkila

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Displacement 位移

Estate Regeneration and Its Discontents Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1k03g3p.15

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APPENDIX A: 附录A:

Estate Regeneration and Its Discontents Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1k03g3p.19

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