European Oncology and Haematology最新文献

{"title":"A New Fast-acting Sublingual Fentanyl (Recivit®) for Treating Breakthrough Cancer Pain","authors":"A. Davies","doi":"10.17925/EOH.2014.10.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EOH.2014.10.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"© TOUCH MEDICAL MEDIA 2014 Abstract Cancer pain presents a significant clinical challenge. Even when background pain is effectively controlled, patients often experience episodes of breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP), which typically reach maximum intensity in 10 minutes and last for 60 minutes. Immediate-release opioids are often used to treat BTcP, but only produce analgesia after 20–30 minutes and their full analgesic effect after 60–90 minutes, so transmucosal formulations of fentanyl citrate have been developed that produce analgesia more rapidly. A new sublingual transmucosal formulation (the FE tablet) utilises a unique three-layer structure and is available in dosages from 67 μg to 800 μg. This review summarises available data on the new formulation. In phase I trials, it has demonstrated dose proportionality, absolute bioavailability of approximately 70 % and higher plasma fentanyl concentrations than an oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate lozenge. In a prospective, randomised, double-blind, crossover study to evaluate efficacy and safety, pain relief was recorded from 6 minutes after administration onwards and lasted for up to 60 minutes.","PeriodicalId":38554,"journal":{"name":"European Oncology and Haematology","volume":"52 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86915056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Darwinian Principles in Cancer Therapy","authors":"Sebastien Stroh, K. Debatin, M. Westhoff","doi":"10.17925/EOH.2014.10.2.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EOH.2014.10.2.116","url":null,"abstract":"© Touch MEdical MEdia 2014 Abstract Our understanding of what components, cellular and extracellular, make up a tumour has greatly expanded over the recent years. This has led to new insight into the underlying mechanisms that mediate treatment failure and has also elucidated potential avenues of novel therapeutic approaches. Applying Darwinian principles to tumour heterogeneity helps to define alternative therapeutic end points, while targeting microenvironmental interactions between mutated tumour cells and their surroundings provide a genetically more stable target. Finally, we discuss the possible role of tumour-associated macrophages in future treatment options.","PeriodicalId":38554,"journal":{"name":"European Oncology and Haematology","volume":"31 1","pages":"116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82078104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Central Nervous System Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma is an Unusual Brain Tumour","authors":"D. Papadatos-Pastos, J. Hall, R. Pettengell, L. Bridges, B. Newell, J. Samol","doi":"10.17925/EOH.2014.10.1.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EOH.2014.10.1.48","url":null,"abstract":"© TOUCH MEDICAL MEDIA 2014 Abstract We present a case of a 64-year-old man who was diagnosed with a primary anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (PCNSAL). He had received radical chemotherapy and radiotherapy for a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the past. There is no known association between NSCLC and PCNSAL. We describe the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with these rare intracranial lymphomas and highlight the potential role of newer biological agents in patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK-1) positive PCNSAL.","PeriodicalId":38554,"journal":{"name":"European Oncology and Haematology","volume":"440 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77039725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Profiling - Challenges and Perspectives","authors":"C. Dittrich, Kaiser Franz Josef-Spital","doi":"10.17925/EOH.2014.10.2.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EOH.2014.10.2.102","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular profiling is today’s answer to the eternal unmet need of personalising anticancer therapy. We have never reached such a level of rationality before, based on new technologies, knowledge of systems biology and insights into patho-mechanisms. Whereas we actually focus mainly on mutations of a limited number of cancer genes, we will also have to integrate epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional changes into our future therapeutic considerations. Overall, we have reached an advanced level of stratified medicine, but are still on the way of targeting the holy grail of real personalisation.","PeriodicalId":38554,"journal":{"name":"European Oncology and Haematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84483410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalised Cancer Care – A Global Perspective","authors":"E. Cazap","doi":"10.17925/EOH.2014.10.2.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EOH.2014.10.2.104","url":null,"abstract":"© Touch MEdical MEdia 2014 Abstract Much debate surrounds the matter of personalised medicine. The problem of new treatments at high costs is usually mentioned in relation with inequalities and problems of access to care. But there is also an urgent need to discuss the impossibility for many healthcare systems in the world to provide myriad new diagnostic procedures and treatments to all populations. In this editorial, the current situation from a global perspective will be analysed and the position of some of the leading cancer organisations will be presented. We also discuss some possible actions to be developed to overcome this urgent and contradictory situation.","PeriodicalId":38554,"journal":{"name":"European Oncology and Haematology","volume":"36 1","pages":"104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87741065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neoadjuvant Chemotherapeutic and Targeted Therapies for Early-stage, High-risk Breast Cancer","authors":"C. Chung, Rosetta Lee","doi":"10.17925/EOH.2014.10.1.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EOH.2014.10.1.28","url":null,"abstract":"Neoadjuvant or preoperative chemotherapy is the preferred treatment for locally advanced, inflammatory and early-stage high-risk breast cancers. Patients with locally advanced breast cancers are candidates for neoadjuvant therapy because their tumours are often not amenable to resection. On the other hand, patients are candidates for neoadjuvant chemotherapy if the breast-conserving surgery is not possible. At present, anthracycline- and taxane-based chemotherapy regimens remain as the cornerstone for neoadjuvant therapy in early breast cancer, but there is a clear need for effective therapies in high-risk, early-stage patients. A number of chemotherapeutic and targeted therapies have been evaluated in clinical trials with varying results. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved pertuzumab in combination with trastuzumab and cytotoxic chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant therapy option for HER2-positive breast cancer. This article reviews the neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic and targeted therapies options for early-stage, high-risk breast cancer. Possible role of molecular subtyping in triple-negative breast cancer is also described.","PeriodicalId":38554,"journal":{"name":"European Oncology and Haematology","volume":"52 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90490155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunosuppressed Microenvironment – An Emerging Target in Prostate Cancer Management","authors":"J. Bellmunt, K. Fizazi, G. Srikrishna","doi":"10.17925/EOH.2014.10.1.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EOH.2014.10.1.51","url":null,"abstract":"© TOUCH MEDICAL MEDIA 2014 51 Abstract Although the prognosis of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has dramatically changed in the last decade, with median survivals improving from about a year to almost 3 years, current hormonal and chemotherapeutic approaches ultimately result in resistance. An enhanced understanding of the microenvironment of prostate cancer may explain the mechanisms underlying this resistance and provide novel therapeutic targets. The tumour microenvironment promotes the growth and spread of prostate cancer through suppression of immune responses. Many cellular and molecular components of the immunosuppressed tumour microenvironment have been identified as potential targets for therapeutic intervention, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the pro-inflammatory protein S100A9. Several agents have demonstrated an ability to modulate the tumour cell microenvironment, including immunotherapies such as sipuleucel T and ipilimumab. In preclinical models, tasquinimod has been shown to bind to S100A9 and therefore has the potential to affect accumulation and function of MDSCs as well as enhancing anti-tumour immune responses. It is now in phase III development. The bone microenvironment also represents a valuable therapeutic target: in clinical studies, denosumab, a rank-L inhibitor, delays time to first skeletal event, despite showing no improvement in overall survival (OS). Radium-223, an alpha-emitter with high bone affinity, delays bone metastasis as well as significantly improving OS.","PeriodicalId":38554,"journal":{"name":"European Oncology and Haematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81024362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demonstration of Clinical Comparability of the Biosimilar Filgrastim to Neupogen, in Terms of Safety and Efficacy, in Healthy Volunteers and Patients Receiving Myelosuppressive Chemotherapy","authors":"B. Jilma, A. Jagiełło-Gruszfeld, P. Tomczak, H. Gadgil, G. Orlik, Kalpna Desai, Tina Catalano, Jason Dowd, M. Skłodowska-Curie","doi":"10.17925/EOH.2014.10.2.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EOH.2014.10.2.107","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To demonstrate biosimilarity as evidenced by the pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), efficacy and safety comparability of Accofil ® /Grastofil ® (filgrastim), a recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and the reference product, Neupogen ® . Patients and methods: Four phase I studies were conducted to demonstrate the comparative efficacy of Accofil/Grastofil and Neupogen. PD and PK parameters of Accofil/Grastofil (filgrastim) at and around the main clinical dose (5 μg/kg), using both the intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) routes of administration, were compared with Neupogen (EU) in healthy volunteers in three phase I clinical studies in a single-dose setting and following multiple-dose administration. An additional phase I PK/PD study was performed to compare Accofil/ Grastofil (filgrastim) to both EU-approved Neupogen and US-licensed Neupogen following the administration of a fixed SC dose of 300 μg. The efficacy and safety of Accofil/Grastofil was also evaluated in chemotherapy-naive women with stage IIA, IIB and IIIA breast cancer receiving docetaxel, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide (TAC) chemotherapy. No comparator arm was included in this study so the efficacy and safety comparison was made with published data for the reference product, Neupogen. Results: A total of 235 healthy subjects were enrolled in the phase I studies and 120 patients in the phase III study. The PK and PD data demonstrated high comparability of the Accofil/ Grastofil and Neupogen products, with the 90 % confidence interval (CI) for primary PK parameters and 95 % CI for primary PD parameters falling within the pre-defined equivalence limits. In the phase III study, Accofil/Grastofil (filgrastim) demonstrated a safety and efficacy profile that was similar to the published data for the reference product Neupogen for the reduction of the duration of neutropenia in patients with breast cancer who were undergoing chemotherapy. Conclusion: Lack of clinically meaningful differences was convincingly demonstrated between Accofil/Grastofil (filgrastim) and the reference product, Neupogen.","PeriodicalId":38554,"journal":{"name":"European Oncology and Haematology","volume":"12 3","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72463436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring the Quality of Life of Patients with Cancer","authors":"E. Zikos, C. Coens, J. Bean, D. Ediebah, A. Bottomley","doi":"10.17925/EOH.2014.10.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EOH.2014.10.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"© Touch MEdical MEdia 2013 Abstract What is quality of life? clinical trials have long been dominated by clinically based endpoints, but research has proved that health-related quality of life (hRQol) can only be captured accurately by patients themselves using patient reported outcomes (PRos). The united States Food and drug administration defines PRos as the measurement of any aspect of a patient’s health status that comes directly from the patient, that is, a measurement taken without interpretation of the patient’s responses by a physician or anyone else. The EoRTc QlQ-c30 is the most widely cancer specific hRQol questionnaire used for PRos in the world. developed in 1991 by the EoRTc Quality of life Group, it has been translated into more than 60 languages and has over 40 developed or under development cancer specific modules. one of the key challenges faced is pooling data and performing meta-analyses of the results of closed trials. The EoRTc Patient Reported outcomes and Behavioural Evidence (PRoBE) team is dedicated to the meta-analysis of EoRTc randomised clinical trial quality of life results. during the last five years, pooled data have revealed important results, such as prognostic indicators of survival, which have informed clinical practice. This research shows how the patient perspective in palliative and curative EoRTc trials has been considered of major importance. The inclusion of patient perspective in drug development shows that a more comprehensive hRQol assessment has taken place over time as better instruments have become available. as clinicians, regulatory bodies and industry acknowledge the value of the patient perspective, we expect that EoRTc will continue including hRQol endpoints where appropriate.","PeriodicalId":38554,"journal":{"name":"European Oncology and Haematology","volume":"191 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76933646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Penile Kaposi Sarcoma in an HIV-negative 21-year-old Male","authors":"S. Momen, C. Corbishley, R. Pettengell, B. Ayres, J. Samol","doi":"10.17925/EOH.2014.10.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/EOH.2014.10.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"© TouCh MEdiCal MEdia 2014 Abstract We present a 21-year-old HIV-negative Somalian male who was diagnosed with an immunohistochemically proven human herpes virus 8 (HHV8)-positive primary penile Karposi’s Sarcoma (KS). He was treated with local surgery and remained in complete clinical remission for 18 months. This is the first case of a heterosexual teenage and young adult (TYA) patient diagnosed with a primary penile KS without a history of sexual intercourse. This case provides clinical evidence that KS may be transmitted through routes other than sexual transmission.","PeriodicalId":38554,"journal":{"name":"European Oncology and Haematology","volume":"3 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76333949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}