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International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education最新文献

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Ability of Lifeguards to Detect Submerged Manikins in Public Swimming Pool Environments 救生员在公共游泳池环境中发现水下人体模型的能力
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.25035/ijare.13.04.10
Élie Vignac, Pascal Lebihain, B. Guignard, N. Heutte, Loic Le Minor, B. Soulé
{"title":"Ability of Lifeguards to Detect Submerged Manikins in Public Swimming Pool Environments","authors":"Élie Vignac, Pascal Lebihain, B. Guignard, N. Heutte, Loic Le Minor, B. Soulé","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.04.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.04.10","url":null,"abstract":"To prevent drownings in public swimming pools (PSP), French legislation requires constant surveillance by state-certified lifeguards. While previous research showed that surveillance was not always effective, this article focuses on efficiency of surveillance when it is effective. We evaluated the ability of 4 volunteer professional lifeguards to detect a submerged manikin under controlled conditions. One hundred and eight (108) tests were carried out in 2 PSP. Four variables were controlled (i.e., distance, depth, surveillance station, attendance). Our results showed that rapid drowning detection was not exclusively linked to the individual detection capabilities of a lifeguard, but rather it emerged from a tight coupling between the lifeguard’s perception and his/her working environment. The tests performed in this study are useful to prevent drownings and therefore should be reproduced in other public swimming pools (i) to identify problematic situations and (ii) to train lifeguards’ surveillance capabilities.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"128 8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83756626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Effects of a Demand-Valve SCUBA Regulator on Cardiorespiratory Response During Submaximal Exercise Under Normobaric Conditions: A Preliminary Investigation 常压条件下，需求阀式水肺调节器对亚极限运动时心肺反应的影响:初步研究
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.25035/ijare.13.04.02
Christopher R. Kovacs, Camille Dhom
{"title":"Effects of a Demand-Valve SCUBA Regulator on Cardiorespiratory Response During Submaximal Exercise Under Normobaric Conditions: A Preliminary Investigation","authors":"Christopher R. Kovacs, Camille Dhom","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.04.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.04.02","url":null,"abstract":"SCUBA diving fatalities are often related to cardiac events triggered by stress linked to equipment. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of a SCUBA regulator on cardiorespiratory exercise at a submaximal workload. Ten participants (mean = 21.5 yrs; s.d. = 1.16) completed two submaximal exercise tests at 1 ATA; one while breathing normally and a second while breathing directly from a demand valve SCUBA regulator. Total time to test completion (TOT), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and arterial oxygen levels were all assessed. No significant differences between conditions were found for measures of TOT, heart rate, blood pressure, RPE, and arterial oxygen measures. Statistical analysis suggested that use of a SCUBA regulator itself did not affect exercise tolerance or increase cardiorespiratory stress at submaximal workloads. Several anecdotal observations in HR, BP, TOT, and RPE responses suggested further research is warranted.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86017462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lifeguard Performance Skills: A Systematic Review 救生员表演技能:系统回顾
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.25035/ijare.13.04.05
Paulo Santiago, Filipe Maia, Sandra Santiago, Daniel Duarte, Pedro Teques
{"title":"Lifeguard Performance Skills: A Systematic Review","authors":"Paulo Santiago, Filipe Maia, Sandra Santiago, Daniel Duarte, Pedro Teques","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.04.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.04.05","url":null,"abstract":"Drowning is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and lifeguards’ action can be regarded as a significant contribution to change that reality. In this regard, the purpose of this systematic review was to identify factors associated with lifeguards’ performance. After extensive research on PsycArticles, PsicBooks, PsycInfo, SportDiscus, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and SportDiscus databases, containing the keywords “lifeguard” AND “performance”, “lifeguard” AND “skills” and “lifeguard” AND “drowning”, we obtained 429 research articles. After eliminating duplicates, excluding those that had no relevance to the study, and screening against set criteria, a total of five articles were fully reviewed. Four quantitative studies and one qualitative study were included in the present review. An analysis of the data was carried out and the findings indicated that there are determining factors for the successful performance of the lifeguard’s activity. Results indicate that factors related to the physical, technical, and psychological components are essential for an improved lifeguard’s performance. The analysis of the data also highlights the lack of studies related to behavioural competencies.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88070655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Examining Youth Conceptualizations of Water Safety Behaviors among Participants in a Learn-to-Swim Program 研究青少年在学习游泳计划中对水上安全行为的概念
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.25035/ijare.13.04.01
A. Anderson, K. Anderson, William Ramos, Angela K. Beale-Tawfeeq
{"title":"Examining Youth Conceptualizations of Water Safety Behaviors among Participants in a Learn-to-Swim Program","authors":"A. Anderson, K. Anderson, William Ramos, Angela K. Beale-Tawfeeq","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.04.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.04.01","url":null,"abstract":"Drowning represents a leading cause of unintentional deaths among children. Concomitantly, while formal swim instruction often incorporates water safety practices, the efficacy of these messages remains largely unexplored. This qualitative-based study sought to evaluate how youth apply learned water safety concepts when posed with a hypothetical aquatic scenario. Semi-structured interviews, augmented by use of a visual illustration prompt, were conducted with 29 participants of a youth Learn-to-Swim (LTS) program. Interviews assessed participants’ expressed water safety behaviors and were coded based on emergent themes. Findings indicated that most participants were able to identify a “struggling” swimmer in the dramatized illustration. When questioned regarding their hypothetical behavioral response to that swimmer in trouble, participants ultimately yielded appropriate behaviors (e.g., extending one’s reach) with prompting, revealing they would eventually enter the water. Additionally, participants also frequently mis-conceptualized or reported hesitancy in other behaviors; for instance, “calling” for help was sometimes misinterpreted to exclude contacting 911. Results also indicated that other sources, such as television, were important sources of water safety knowledge among participants and that relationships with social agents played a role in water safety messaging. Given these results, LTS programs and public health agencies should work to further improve the prioritization, practice, and communication of water safety behaviors.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75644589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Task and Environment Constraints on Aquatic Locomotor Behavior: Qualitative Data Analysis 任务和环境约束对水中运动行为的影响:定性数据分析
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.25035/ijare.13.04.12
Emani Filho, E. Manoel
{"title":"The Effect of Task and Environment Constraints on Aquatic Locomotor Behavior: Qualitative Data Analysis","authors":"Emani Filho, E. Manoel","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.04.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.04.12","url":null,"abstract":"Many constraints (environmental, organismic, and task) act on all patterns of motor coordination, although their effects on swimming is less well understood. To this end, we carried out the current study with fifty-six participants, ages ranging from six to twelve years. The experimental tasks were created from the original task in which changes in task speed and environmental context were manipulated. Four aspects in the results were notable: a) a main trend was one of performance with the same developmental status among the tasks; b) when behaviour changed, this occurred due to environmental constraints, leading to more rudimentary patterns of locomotion; c) the developmental status presented initially was associated with greater adaptative capacity in the task combining change in direction and speed; in this case participants with more advanced developmental status presented changes in sequencing as well as parameters; and d) when only speed was increased, changes were restricted to the parameters.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79812100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In This Issue (13:4) 在本期(13:4)
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.25035/ijare.13.04.13
S. Langendorfer
{"title":"In This Issue (13:4)","authors":"S. Langendorfer","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.04.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.04.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80946193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effective Lifeguard Scanning: A Review 有效的救生员扫描:综述
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.25035/ijare.13.04.08
S. Langendorfer, F. Pia, Angela K. Beale-Tawfeeq
{"title":"Effective Lifeguard Scanning: A Review","authors":"S. Langendorfer, F. Pia, Angela K. Beale-Tawfeeq","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.04.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.04.08","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this scientific review was to address the question of what evidence-based visual surveillance/scanning skills exist in the peer-reviewed scholarly literature. It is well known that lifeguards spend a majority of their on-duty time surveying bathers and swimmers in the water. Lifeguards need to quickly distinguish among swimmers in distress and drowning persons from other bathers in order to rapidly come to their aid to prevent drowning. To be able to accomplish this task, Signal Detection Theory reveals that lifeguards need specific and extensive training in identifying the behavioral patterns associated with drowning persons and swimmers in distress. A typical drowning is not what has been popularized in the press and movies that shows a person calling for help and waving his or her arms about. Instead, drowning victims usually demonstrate the instinctive drowning response in which they are in a vertical position in the water, unable to call out because the mouth is underwater and arm and leg movements are ineffective in keeping them near the water’s surface. The literature revealed that expert lifeguard observation, scanning, and surveillance skills need to be acquired through planned systematic practice to identify the presence of the instinctive drowning response among bathers.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86338086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Employment with the Northwest Territories Aquatics Program: A Significant Life Event? 就业与西北地区的游泳项目:一个重要的生活事件?
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.25035/ijare.13.04.09
Sebastien Denize, A. Giles
{"title":"Employment with the Northwest Territories Aquatics Program: A Significant Life Event?","authors":"Sebastien Denize, A. Giles","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.04.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.04.09","url":null,"abstract":"For over 60 years, the Northwest Territories Aquatics Program (NWTAP) has employed university students from southern Canada with little to no exposure to northern Canada to run seasonal swimming pools and waterfronts in isolated northern communities. In this article, we examine the impact that working for this program had on nine former employees’ lives and whether or not working for the NWTAP could be categorized as a significant life experience. We used thematic analysis of the data from retrospective semi-structured interviews and open-ended questionnaires and identified four themes: (1) employment by the NWTAP enhanced the employees’ self-confidence, independence, and self-efficacy; (2) employees gained knowledge about Indigenous cultures in the Northwest Territories; (3) employees developed enhanced sensitivity to social issues in northern communities; and (4) the experience of working for the NWTAP strongly influenced participants’ career paths. Our analysis indicated that working for the NWTAP was a significant life experience.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90427624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Swimming Without Fear: Equitable Instruction 无所畏惧的游泳:公平的指导
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.25035/ijare.13.04.07
Rubina Khatchaturian, B. Stillwell
{"title":"Swimming Without Fear: Equitable Instruction","authors":"Rubina Khatchaturian, B. Stillwell","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.04.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.04.07","url":null,"abstract":"A qualitative single-subject exploratory case study approach was used to examine the effectiveness of an intervention process to assist a 30-year-old female in reducing her fear of water. During the 18-week intervention, systematic desensitization was utilized in conjunction with multiple data sources to determine its success. Data sources included the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), semi-structured interviews, swimming skills tests, collages, and participant and researcher journals. Data analysis examined changes in scores for the STAI and swimming skills tests while an inductive data analytic strategy was applied to organize and make sense of the interviews, collages, and participant journal entries. A researcher’s journal was kept confirming major findings. Results showed a decrease in fear as documented by interviews, participant journal entries, and the post-collage. No differences in scores were noted for the STAI and swimming skills tests. These findings suggest that cognitive and psychological progress was made by the participant; however, more time was needed to transform this progress into performing physical skills in the water.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77393118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Content, Construct, and Criterion Validity, Reliability, and Objectivity for Aquatic Readiness Assessment for Brazilian Children 巴西儿童水上准备评估的内容、结构、效度、信度和客观性
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.25035/ijare.13.04.11
N. Valentini, K. Pereira, G. Nobre
{"title":"Content, Construct, and Criterion Validity, Reliability, and Objectivity for Aquatic Readiness Assessment for Brazilian Children","authors":"N. Valentini, K. Pereira, G. Nobre","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.04.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.04.11","url":null,"abstract":"The Aquatic Readiness Assessment (ARA) is an assessment instrument for measuring children's aquatic readiness. The objective of the study was to translate the English version into Portuguese and to investigate the content, construct, and criterion validity as well as the reliability and rater objectivity of the ARA for Brazilian children. Twenty-three professionals and 464 children, newborn to 13 years-old participated in the study. We found strong content (94% to 100% of judges’ agreement) and criterion validity, internal consistency (α from .96 to .97), and inter-rater objectivity (ICC from .81 to .98), and test-retest reliability (ICC from .94 to .98). Appropriate fit indices were observed for the model (CFI = .99; TLI = .99; RMSEA .08, CI 90% = .67 to .10); the model was invariant for boys and girls (CFI = .99; RMSEA = .080; ΔCFI = .009; Δ RMSEA = .015) but not for age groups (CFI = .87, RMSEA = .160). The ARA presented adequate validity and reliability for evaluating the swimming performance of Brazilian children.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77840791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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