2021 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon)最新文献

{"title":"Real-Time Edge Processing Detection of Malicious Attacks Using Machine Learning and Processor Core Events","authors":"R. Oshana, Mitchell A. Thornton, Eric C. Larson, Xavier Roumegue","doi":"10.1109/SysCon48628.2021.9447078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SysCon48628.2021.9447078","url":null,"abstract":"A method for the detection of the malicious events such as the SPECTRE exploit is proposed and evaluated using machine learning and processor core events. In this work, we use machine learning to implement a system based on hardware event counters to detect malicious exploits such as SPECTRE running in a process on a Linux based system. Our approach is designed to use existing on-chip hardware to detect a SPECTRE-based exploitation in real time. Prototype architectures in both x86 and ARM-based SoC’s representing an embedded system with a corresponding realtime Edge-based classifier is designed and implemented to validate the approach. This exploit detection architecture uses software agents and requires no additional hardware. In particular, a software agent periodically accesses the event counter register file during runtime. At each observation time, a feature vector is formulated consisting of a particular subset of event counter data. The event counter data used in the detection technique includes cache and branch prediction counts. Various different machine learning classifiers are implemented with a goal of predicting either the presence of the malicious exploit or something other than the malicious exploit. Thus, the classifier outputs binary states of “malicious exploit present” versus “normal operation.” Many classifiers resulted in true positive rates in excess of 98% with corresponding false positive rates less than 1%. In many cases, a 0% false positive rate is achieved. These predictive approaches are compared for training complexity and performance.","PeriodicalId":384949,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127064357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending ISO26262 to an Operationally Complex System","authors":"Jennifer Dawson, Divya Garikapati","doi":"10.1109/SysCon48628.2021.9447146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SysCon48628.2021.9447146","url":null,"abstract":"ISO 26262 is a tailored functional safety specification for electrical and electronic systems in passenger vehicles. Typical passenger vehicles have one controlling agent (the driver) and typically utilize simple fail-safe behaviors to notify the driver of significant system faults, such as activating a warning light. Developing advanced safety systems, with the ultimate goal of achieving Level 5 autonomy, has created a need to develop operationally complex passenger vehicles to test self-driving technology. One example of such a system is a Dual-Cockpit vehicle that has been specifically designed to enable human factors research for TRI’s Guardian system. Toyota Guardian anticipates or identifies a pending incident and seamlessly intervenes to assist the human driver to form a mobility teammate.This paper presents a methodology to leverage ISO 26262 methodologies, which are well-established in the automotive industry, to be able to handle significant operational complexity. The methodology develops a Concept of Operations (ConOps) defining operational modes. Vehicle-level behaviors are then defined to achieve a safe state across all operational modes defined in the ConOps. The safe state behaviors are integrated into ISO 26262 work products such as the HazOp, HARA, and Functional Safety Concept, including Functional Safety Requirements. This generalized methodology: 1. facilitates systematic analysis of control authority arbitrations between multiple independent controlling agents, 2. helps ensure sufficient system redundancy across all operational modes, and 3. develops appropriate responses to bring the vehicle to a safe state in each operational mode. The methodology can be adapted to other complex systems with ease.","PeriodicalId":384949,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114513769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of Constraint Programming and Model-Based Approach for System Synthesis","authors":"P. Yvars, L. Zimmer","doi":"10.1109/SysCon48628.2021.9447096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SysCon48628.2021.9447096","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the work in the field of Model-Based System Engineering for the design of technical systems consists of implementing solution-oriented approaches. Several system modeling languages are available to represent fully defined systems from several points of view. It is also possible to link these descriptions with simulation or analysis tools to evaluate the solutions thus described. After having studied the limits of this way of designing system, we propose in this paper an approach oriented to the description of the design problem to be solved, through an adapted formalism called DEPS. This formalism allows a model-based approach for architecture and system synthesis. DEPS (Design Problem Specification) addresses problems of sizing, configuration, resource allocation and more generally of architecture generation or synthesis encountered in system design. The systems considered can be physical systems, software-intensive systems or mixed systems (embedded, mechatronical, cyber-physical). This language combines structural modeling features specific to object-oriented languages with problem specification features from constraint programming. We also present an integrated approach through the DEPS Studio environment, allowing DEPS modeling, model compilation and solving using an integrated constraint programming solver. This integration allows, among other things, the development and the debugging of models directly in DEPS rather than in the language of an external solver. The approach is illustrated on a simple case of electrical system synthesis.","PeriodicalId":384949,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125027600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wireless and autonomous safety-critical system utilizing feedback","authors":"Thomas Li, Akramul Azim","doi":"10.1109/SysCon48628.2021.9447065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SysCon48628.2021.9447065","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, safety-critical systems are becoming more prominent with the increase in reliance on technology in households. With this dependency, reliability and reaction time needs to be improved on to maintain a high standard of service. However, current designs are stagnant and only implementing rote and obsolete open-loop designs as a means of easy manufacturing and for simplicity in design but does not fully provide safety to its users since open-loop designs rely on the user’s interaction to initiate the safety process or mitigation. This is too variable and unreliable and delays the process which the user will incur more damages in the end degrading the effectiveness of a safety-critical system. This study aims to addresses these issues by designing a system that implements a closed-loop feedback using values collected from sensors to survey the condition of the surroundings and respond accordingly with different fog computing methodologies and utilizing a feedback loop. This alternative closed-loop implementation will be 40% more reliable than the open-loop version, 71% reduced latency, and have a faster overall response time compared to commercial systems based on the experimental results. All designs, workflows, and ideas discussed in this paper will be implemented all in an Arduino Environment.","PeriodicalId":384949,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122591076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model-Based Systems Engineering Applied to the Detection and Correction of Object Slippage within a Dexterous Robotic Hand","authors":"C. A. Meehan, J. Baras","doi":"10.1109/SysCon48628.2021.9447100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SysCon48628.2021.9447100","url":null,"abstract":"Slip detection and correction plays a very important role in robotic manipulation tasks, and it has long been a challenging problem in the robotic community. Further, the advantage of using systems engineering tools and framework to approach a solution and/or modeling of robotic tasks is not often pursued. In this paper, we use Model-Based Systems Engineering techniques to verify system requirements and validate stakeholder requirements for the problem of detecting and correcting for object slippage within a dexterous five-fingered robotic hand. We will discuss how the work accomplished in our laboratory was transferred to a simulated environment and how this simulated environment built in CoppeliaSim was connected to a systems engineering software, Cameo Systems Modeler. Measures of effectiveness were created from the stakeholder requirements for the slippage problem which allowed us to validate the robotic simulation that was built. Structural diagrams of the robotic system and environment were built along with behavioral diagrams of the simulation. Further, we used the connection of Cameo Systems Modeler and CoppeliaSim to track the measures of effectiveness for our robotic task which provided us with a complete systems engineering framework for the problem from the requirements phase through the implementation phase. Our main goal is to show the advantages of following a systems engineering framework to complete a robotic task through the connection of Cameo Systems Modeler and CoppeliaSim.","PeriodicalId":384949,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126012702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(UN)Ethical Software Engineering : A critical review about Software Engineering in face of Security Requirements in the IoT/ IoE Society","authors":"Fabiana Figueira Sanches Flores, S. Meira","doi":"10.1109/SysCon48628.2021.9447113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SysCon48628.2021.9447113","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the advent of the Internet, software is literally everywhere. This omnipresence of software may impact people‘s lives in such a way that Software Engineering has reached a level of importance without precedence. Although important, it seems, as a result from real world data analysis, that some practices in Software Engineering may reveal an unethical face that unfolds when considered the disregard of a special kind of non-functional requirements (Security Requirements) and the approach of conditioning software use to the acceptance of abusive documents in which all developers‘ responsibility for hazards and failures related to software are excluded. The focus of this paper, as a result of an exploratory inquiry based on multiple data gathering (pentesting, observation of software development teams, interviews, survey and documental analysis), is discussing the present relevance of Security Requirements at contemporary societies, as well as the questionable practices of not considering it in software requirements elicitation/ prioritization and the simultaneous conditioning of software use to the acceptance of disregard responsibility clauses in End-User License Agreements and Terms of Services. Results suggest that: a) software insecurity is everywhere, affecting all of the layers of systems and software of several niches; b) insecurity is evident from the great amount of security vulnerabilities found out in software; c) multiple factors contribute to insecurity in software (insufficient developers‘ knowledge about Security, neglection of security requirements, and omissions in undergraduate courses curricula, e.g.); d) not considering security requirements in nowadays society is unethical; e) it is not appropriate the attitude of part of the Software Industry, that neglects security requirements and, at the same time, tries to hide itself behind EULAs and ToSs filled with responsibility and liability limitation/ exclusion clauses; f) liability and responsibility exclusion/ limitation clauses, as abusive and unethical conditions, shall be suppressed from EULAs and ToSs; g) Software Industry and developers in general shall recognize they are not behaving well and begin doing the right thing from scratch (taking real care for quality and Security Requirements); h) it is time for a change in Software Industry and this change is urgent because inertia, in this case, may favor professional licensing and external regulation initiatives, measures that, obviously, may not be interesting to all the actors involved in software production; i) it is the time for Ethical Software Engineering.","PeriodicalId":384949,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128243853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Statistical Machine Learning Algorithms for Classification of Bridge Deformation Data Sets","authors":"Juan C. Avendano, L. D. Otero, C. Otero","doi":"10.1109/SysCon48628.2021.9447056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SysCon48628.2021.9447056","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design and development of a structural health monitoring (SHM) system specifically tailored for transportation infrastructure components such as bridges. If focuses mainly the application of statistical machine learning (ML) algorithms to classify deformation datasets of a bridge. A model of a steel bridge was constructed and contactless sensors were placed to collect deformation data. Four loads were applied at each of the pre-defined four locations identified to represent heavy loads across the real bridge. Computer simulation in ANSYS and application of gradient boosting neural networks were performed to produce a comparative and predictive analysis of the behavior of transportation infrastructures, which can be used to understand the health of the structure and make informed decisions. Deformation levels at 100 critical locations on the bridge model were collected in each experiment by using sensors. The experiments were repeated to get average data for processing. Python programming language was used for coding and the analysis was performed in a Google Collaboratory Notebook. Development and training of the models were done using the Pycaret, which is a Python based framework that supports a variety of ML tools. Performance of each ML technique was evaluated by means of the accuracy. The final is capable of simulating multiple load conditions on structures, identifying possible failure points, and detecting and predicting failure scenarios. Both hardware and software implementations of a model of a bridge were performed as a pilot project to validate the proposed system.","PeriodicalId":384949,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128562187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cluster-Based and Drop-aware Extension of RPL to Provide Reliability in IoT Applications","authors":"Maryam Shirbeigi, Bardia Safaei, Ali Asghar Mohammad Salehi, Amir Mahdi Hosseini Monazzah, J. Henkel, A. Ejlali","doi":"10.1109/SysCon48628.2021.9447112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SysCon48628.2021.9447112","url":null,"abstract":"The standardized IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (RPL) has enabled efficient communications between thousands of smart devices, sensors, and actuators in a bi-directional, and end-to-end manner, allowing the connection of resource constraint devices in multi-hop IoT infrastructures. RPL is designed to cope with the major challenges of Low-power and Lossy Networks (LLNs), specifically their energy-efficiency. However, RPL is facing with severe congestion and load balancing problems, leading to a low Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) in the network. For the first time since the declaration of RPL, in this paper we explain that ignoring the specifications of the reception and transmission buffers in heterogeneous networks has caused these unbalanced traffic loads, leading to congestion, and consequently loss of packets in RPL. In order to resolve this problem, this paper introduces CBR-RPL; a light-weight RPL-based routing mechanism, which organizes the nodes into logical clusters and routes the packets through a novel drop-aware Objective Function (OF). The newly defined OF considers the queue occupancy of the nodes transceivers along with their drop rate simultaneously. According to an extensive set of experiments, which have been conducted via the Cooja simulator, it has been observed that the CBR-RPL improves the reliability in terms of PDR by 38.2%, and 75% compared to RPL and QURPL, respectively. In addition, CBR-RPL has also improved the amount of energy consumption in the nodes by up to $3times$ compared to the state-of-the-art, mainly due to imposing fewer control packets to the network.","PeriodicalId":384949,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131311195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EKF-SLAM with Autonomous Exploration using a Low Cost Robot","authors":"Larissa de Souza Pinto, Luiz Eugênio Santos Araújo Filho, Leonardo Mariga, C. Nascimento, W. C. Cunha","doi":"10.1109/SysCon48628.2021.9447073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SysCon48628.2021.9447073","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous exploration and SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) are two of the main problems in robotics due to their relevance for many military and commercial real world applications. This article proposes a solution, tested using a low cost robot (less than US$ 500), based on EKF-SLAM (Extended Kalman Filter) to autonomously explore an static and unknown 2D environment. This environment is assumed to be composed of walls and cylinders which are modeled respectively as line segments and circles. The proposed solution applies border detection techniques to occupancy grid maps and performs path planning using the $mathrm{A}^{*}$ search algorithm to generate safe and feasible paths for the robot autonomous exploration. A differential drive robot with a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ single board computer, a laser scanner, a electronic compass and wheel encoders was designed and built to test the proposed solution. This robot, via a Wi-Fi network, communicates with a remote personal computer that runs the autonomous exploration and EKF-SLAM algorithms. Simulation and real world experiments are shown for an indoor closed environment with approximately 41 square meters, 6 thin cylinders and 10 walls. In the real world experiment the proposed solution achieved an average error of 8.11 cm for the walls’ characteristic points and 4.33 cm for the cylinders’ centroids.","PeriodicalId":384949,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121097378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A proposal for success criteria and categorization system to a technology introduction program for Oil and Gas innovation projects","authors":"M. F. C. Júnior, Gabriel T. Jesus, Irineu S. Yassuda, Feliciano Silva, Marcos Nóbrega, P. M. Sousa","doi":"10.1109/SysCon48628.2021.9447079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SysCon48628.2021.9447079","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamics of innovation in complex products and systems (CoPS) is based on projects and differs from the mass production industries. Many of the investments related to CoPS require the development of cutting-edge technologies and their integration into large and complex systems, requiring appropriate methodologies for risk assessment and management for these investments. Projects are not only part of the operational side but are critical to business innovation, capacity development, and corporate strategy. Determining adequate success criteria and establishing a project categorization system are critical for assessing innovation projects. This article firstly shows the proposal and evaluation of the success criteria model for Oil and Gas projects. From this evaluation, a program was proposed to introduce technologies in systems, aiming at evolving systems and their convergence with the corporate strategy. A categorization system was then proposed to assess innovation projects in this program, based on the diamond approach. It was applied to case studies. The evaluation showed positive results and provided insights about the relative importance of success criteria dimensions. This study contributes to the theory with adaptations to existing models, a program proposal, and empirical data. Organizations dealing with CoPS, especially in the Oil and Gas sector, may benefit from the models and insights presented here.","PeriodicalId":384949,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122270133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}