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Good Regulation Reflects Words in Action 良好的监管体现在行动中
Danube Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/danb-2021-0011
Mirko Pečarič
{"title":"Good Regulation Reflects Words in Action","authors":"Mirko Pečarič","doi":"10.2478/danb-2021-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/danb-2021-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Given the impossibility of binary “yes” and “no” classical general legal rules to anticipate and address the future path of law, this paper imitates the adaptive human nature and frames future legal actions on it. Given this human trait, this paper presents some predispositions for substance and actions that are based on the systemic/cybernetic approach. The latter prioritises values, goals and their weights, with controllable thresholds that, based on feedback loops between events, facts, and intentions, activate different preestablished (legal) scenarios. The paper develops new responses to changed conditions (responsiveness, adaptability, agility and robustness); the first are needed in the law due to inevitability of dynamic changes to present some adaptive regulatory techniques, which could be implemented in practical systems. The paper concludes that such techniques can be used in the law used as sunset clauses, legal experiments, emergent strategies, negative scenarios, adaptable norms, Henry VII clauses, public opinion within collective intelligence and legal experiments. They all can address changed conditions in the environment.","PeriodicalId":38400,"journal":{"name":"Danube","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42421316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Acceleration of Labour Cost Along with Deceleration of Productivity: How the Slovak Manufacturing Lost the Advantage of Low Unit Labour Cost 劳动力成本的加速与生产率的减速:斯洛伐克制造业如何失去低单位劳动力成本的优势
Danube Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/danb-2021-0012
K. Morvay, Martin Hudcovský
{"title":"Acceleration of Labour Cost Along with Deceleration of Productivity: How the Slovak Manufacturing Lost the Advantage of Low Unit Labour Cost","authors":"K. Morvay, Martin Hudcovský","doi":"10.2478/danb-2021-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/danb-2021-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The recent development in the Slovak economy erased a significant competitive advantage of manufacturing – low labour cost. The paper analyses the driving factors of rising unit labour costs in the manufacturing sector. The paper aims to explain why the unexpectedly rapid loss of traditional competitive advantage took place in the group of V4 countries and why this phenomenon was particularly pronounced in Slovakia. The paper identifies the driving factors that caused a strong increase in labour costs in addition to factors that also caused a slowdown in productivity growth. The decomposition of ULC dynamics has shown that the primary problem in the case of Slovakia is a very significant slowdown in labour productivity growth. Especially, from a marginal perspective, the components of gross value added developed strongly in favour of increasing compensations of employees. The decrease in the working-age population represented a significant driving force of increasing labour cost (wages) along with a halt in productivity growth caused by relatively low investment rate and absence of convergence in capital-to-labour ratio. Such development was identified in all V4 countries; however, the least favourable trend took place in Slovakia.","PeriodicalId":38400,"journal":{"name":"Danube","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41593872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Statutory Bar on the Right to Exercise a Mortgage Under the Conditions Applicable in the Slovak Republic and Comparison with the Legal Regulation of the Czech Republic 斯洛伐克共和国适用条件下抵押权行使的法定限制及其与捷克共和国法律规定的比较
Danube Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/danb-2021-0015
Nikola Pacalajová, Martin Kubinec
{"title":"Statutory Bar on the Right to Exercise a Mortgage Under the Conditions Applicable in the Slovak Republic and Comparison with the Legal Regulation of the Czech Republic","authors":"Nikola Pacalajová, Martin Kubinec","doi":"10.2478/danb-2021-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/danb-2021-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Based on the analysis and comparison of legal regulation and existing case law, the authors present in the paper their opinion on the issue of deleting mortgage with statute-barred claim from public records (Land Registry). The Slovak legal regulation, in contrast with the Czech one, does not include an explicit provision enabling the deletion of mortgage with statute-barred claim from Land Registry. Taking into consideration the aspect of justice, the authors reached the conclusion that even without a normative platform, it is necessary to allow the mortgagor to apply to court to determine that the real estate is not mortgaged and subsequently use the court’s decision as a basis for deletion. However, since the courts decide in this case, using judicial activism, knowingly contrary to the purpose and content of the institute of statutory bar, the authors consider it essential that legislation be adopted as soon as possible to regulate this situation.","PeriodicalId":38400,"journal":{"name":"Danube","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46333646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
National Security Review of Foreign Investments in Hungary 匈牙利外国投资的国家安全审查
Danube Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/danb-2021-0006
Károly László Simon, K. Gombos
{"title":"National Security Review of Foreign Investments in Hungary","authors":"Károly László Simon, K. Gombos","doi":"10.2478/danb-2021-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/danb-2021-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Screening mechanisms as investment policy measures keep gaining importance worldwide. In October 2018, the Hungarian Parliament also adopted rules on the national security review of foreign investments. This paper intends to present the newly introduced Hungarian screening mechanism which is applicable from 1st January 2019. The goal of this article is to determine how the established Hungarian FDI system can be typified, integrated into an existing regulatory model, or whether it carries elements of a multi-layered system, possibly providing a completely new approach to FDI. We conclude that Hungarian new rules on foreign investment control have become more transparent and coherent than in the past. Nonetheless the review process suffers from a number of shortcomings that may hinder the full accomplishment of the predictability and the effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":38400,"journal":{"name":"Danube","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49662756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Gender Differences and Other Factors on Remuneration of Employees in EU Countries 性别差异等因素对欧盟国家雇员薪酬的影响
Danube Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/danb-2021-0007
Irena Antošová, Naďa Hazuchová, J. Stávková
{"title":"Effect of Gender Differences and Other Factors on Remuneration of Employees in EU Countries","authors":"Irena Antošová, Naďa Hazuchová, J. Stávková","doi":"10.2478/danb-2021-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/danb-2021-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the paper is to verify gender income differences and to reveal factors influencing differences in remuneration. Gender income differences across the EU range from 6% in Romania to 27% in the Czech Republic. Data from 178,878 employees filtered from the EU-SILC database were used for calculations. Stepwise regression analysis was used to identify factors that affect gender income differences. The greatest effect was shown in the “Absolute Income”, then the “Job Change in the Last Year” factor, but the “Education” and “Age” showed a strongly negative tendency. Extraordinary attention is devoted to the effect of the “Job sector” factor, which also significantly contributes to the difference in income. Different representation of gender appears in different industries, which can be caused by preferences and be a consequence of persisting society-wide stereotypes. Social policies are not in line with changes in society and lag behind the development of society.","PeriodicalId":38400,"journal":{"name":"Danube","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43714942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interest Limitation Rule Under ATAD: Case of the Czech Republic ATAD下的利息限制规则——以捷克共和国为例
Danube Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/danb-2021-0009
Aneta Pivoňková, Jana Tepperová
{"title":"Interest Limitation Rule Under ATAD: Case of the Czech Republic","authors":"Aneta Pivoňková, Jana Tepperová","doi":"10.2478/danb-2021-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/danb-2021-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The anti-tax avoidance directive (ATAD) implemented in the EU countries in 2019 has brought, among other things, a common rule for tax-deductibility of exceeding borrowing costs of corporate taxpayers – the interest limitation rule. For interest limitation, the Czech Republic had so far used the so-called safe haven thin capitalisation rule. With the implementation of ATAD, companies need to test not only the thin capitalisation rule but also the new interest limitation rule according to ATAD. This paper aims to review the impact of the new interest limitation rule on the 200 largest Czech companies by their 2017 revenue as recorded in the Albertina database. Results covering the new rules, i.e. following the ATAD implementation, are being compared to the situation before the implementation. Most of the analysed companies seem unaffected by the new interest limitation rule. The analysis also showed that most of the analysed companies do not imply exceeding borrowing costs, either before or following the ATAD implementation.","PeriodicalId":38400,"journal":{"name":"Danube","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42317839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Does Monetary Union Membership Affect Convergence in the European Union? 加入货币联盟会影响欧盟的融合吗？
Danube Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/danb-2021-0010
D. Šiljak, S. Nagy
{"title":"Does Monetary Union Membership Affect Convergence in the European Union?","authors":"D. Šiljak, S. Nagy","doi":"10.2478/danb-2021-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/danb-2021-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of the article is to investigate the effects of the stage of integration on convergence in the European Union. The relationships between the selected macro-economic variables and per capita GDP growth rate are econometrically tested for the period 2004–2018 and three sub-periods: the pre-crisis period 2004–2008, the crisis period 2009–2013, and the post-crisis period 2014–2018. Convergence is estimated using ordinary least squares (OLS) semi-log regression based on cross-sectional data. The findings show that convergence rates range between 1.9 percent and 4.8 percent. The positive effects of deeper integration are identified, as well as the negative effects of the 2008/2009 crisis. The empirical results suggest that the selected variables have an impact on the per capita GDP growth rate in at least one analyzed period.","PeriodicalId":38400,"journal":{"name":"Danube","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43933680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Parental Leave in the Czech Republic and Slovakia – Where Is It More Favourable to Become a Father? 捷克共和国和斯洛伐克的育儿假——哪里更适合当父亲？
Danube Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/danb-2021-0008
Denisa Nevická, Juraj Hamuľák, Mikuláš Krippel
{"title":"Parental Leave in the Czech Republic and Slovakia – Where Is It More Favourable to Become a Father?","authors":"Denisa Nevická, Juraj Hamuľák, Mikuláš Krippel","doi":"10.2478/danb-2021-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/danb-2021-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article deals with the position of the child’s father in labour relations. The comparative analysis of legislation in the Czech Republic and Slovakia is based not only on labour law, but also on social security law and anti-discrimination law. The authors aim to point out the difference in treatment and answer the fundamental research question – In which country is it easier for a man to reconcile work and family responsibilities?","PeriodicalId":38400,"journal":{"name":"Danube","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46004936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
VAT Gap Estimation and Influence of Selected Methods of Financial Administration on its Reduction 增值税缺口估算及财务管理方法选择对缺口缩小的影响
Danube Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/danb-2021-0004
L. Moravec, Jana Hinke, Monika Borsiczká
{"title":"VAT Gap Estimation and Influence of Selected Methods of Financial Administration on its Reduction","authors":"L. Moravec, Jana Hinke, Monika Borsiczká","doi":"10.2478/danb-2021-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/danb-2021-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this contribution is to quantify the influence of selected methods on elimination of value added tax gap in the Czech Republic within the researched period 2015–2016. To find a possible share of influence of the VAT control statement on tax fraud following priority methods were set: VAT control statement invitation, initiatives from pairing check reports, tax checking and procedures for doubt removal. By quantifying these methods, the values of theoretical benefits are measured and further compared with value added tax gap within the researched period. To set the VAT gap estimation a method was used that calculates via cleaning gross domestic product based on the database of national accounts. By using this approach it was found out that with the influence of selected methods of financial administration there was a tax gap decrease in 2015 by 5.54% and for 2016 by 4.00%.","PeriodicalId":38400,"journal":{"name":"Danube","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49093050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Growth Decomposition in the Socialist Czech Economy 捷克社会主义经济中的增长分解
Danube Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/danb-2021-0001
M. Soukup, L. Žídek
{"title":"Growth Decomposition in the Socialist Czech Economy","authors":"M. Soukup, L. Žídek","doi":"10.2478/danb-2021-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/danb-2021-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Economic growth in centrally planned economies was declining with the duration of these economic systems. There were multiple reasons for this development. Deeper insight can be provided by dividing economic growth into extensive and intensive parts. The goal of this article is to estimate the share of extensive and intensive aspects of economic growth in the socialist Czech economy in the last two decades of the socialist era (1970–1989). We conclude that the extensive growth in this period stood for approximately 55% of the overall growth. This figure is broadly twice higher than comparative numbers for the post-communist period.","PeriodicalId":38400,"journal":{"name":"Danube","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47947582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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