HISAN: Journal of History Association of Nepal最新文献

{"title":"Decentralized School Management in Government Schools in Nepal: Policy for Quality Improvement","authors":"Janardan Paudel, Anil Kumar Pokharel","doi":"10.3126/hisan.v8i1.53069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hisan.v8i1.53069","url":null,"abstract":"This research article gives a holistic view of the status of school management committee in our country. Education is one of the basic needs of human beings which has brought changes all over the world. Today, we are around the formal schooling system for which school level is the first step. We are also in the hold of globalization of education and social structure for which we have to compete globally for employment. In such situation, the system and management of education should be of global standard. School management has been a kind of burning issue at the present situation in education system. The state has to follow the trends of decentralization of education. But in Nepal, there is fully centralized education system. Due to this reason, it is thought that the state is the only responsible body for overall education sector. The SMC members are not fully authentic bodies in Nepalese schools. They have no more interest about the problems related to school. They are mostly politically related and also there is absence of true guardianship of SMC members. Most of the SMC members' children do not study in public schools but they are selected with political sources. As a whole school management committee has not supported for the improvement of teaching learning activities. They have no any plan to raise funds and support the school. Most of the children in public schools are also from lower class people. The guardians also cannot support their children by providing necessary things. As a consequence, the SLC result of public schools is very poor except some rare cases. SMC members are not found capable of taking management responsibility of schools. The state also has not fixed any criteria to become SMC members. This research study has found clear obstacle in education system of the politicalized group in management sector. Political interference should not be given emphasis and priority in education sector. Moreover, politics in education sector should be strongly discouraged to make public sector responsible towards school management in public schools in Nepal. This research study tries to reply the research question “What type of management at schools should be developed to improve the quality of education?” The general objective of this study is to analyse the overall status of the school management committee (SMC) in public schools in Nepal.","PeriodicalId":383967,"journal":{"name":"HISAN: Journal of History Association of Nepal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133328951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role and Contribution of Pokhara's Civil Society in the People's Movement of 2005/2006","authors":"A. Bhandari","doi":"10.3126/hisan.v8i1.53063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hisan.v8i1.53063","url":null,"abstract":"The people of Nepal have made numerous sacrifices and engaged in various democratic movements and armed conflicts in order to achieve democracy in the country. These efforts have been successful, and Nepal is now a federal democratic republic. In the past, Nepal was ruled by a centralized monarchy, but this changed in 1950 with the Movement for democracy. However, the elected Nepali Congress government was not able to effectively address the people's needs, and King Mahendra's ambition led to the implementation of the autocratic Panchayat system in 1990. This system was eventually replaced with a multi-party democracy and constitutional monarchy in 1990, but the people were dissatisfied with the parties' governing style and the 2001 Royal massacre and King Gyanendra's ambition led to the country being ruled directly by the King. The Maoist insurgency fought for the political rights and socio-economic uplift of the people, but it was the 2005/2006 civilian movement, led by civil society, that had the greatest impact on the country. This research studies the role and contribution of Pokhara's civil society in the 19-day movement of 2006, which aimed to bring about political change and overthrow the autocracy, and its impact on Nepal.","PeriodicalId":383967,"journal":{"name":"HISAN: Journal of History Association of Nepal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116533868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of Geopolitics in International Diplomacy","authors":"Gunanath Gautam","doi":"10.3126/hisan.v8i1.53066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hisan.v8i1.53066","url":null,"abstract":"Almost all the nations in the world by virtue of their sovereignty, independence and feeling of nationalism tend to capitalize their potentialities for the benefits of their nations, citizens, economy and boost up production and power in the global context, respecting the territorial integrity and independence for the co-existence and sustainability. Each nation at the utmost level ponders over their wellbeing of its people and hegemony in the international political trauma either for economic, political, social, political or commercial gains. The Russia-Ukraine conflict and the doomed relation that developed between China and Taiwan in the international relationship is the dirty politics engraving the international peace and prosperity in the world. The foul game played by the power-hungry nations to the dominated and weak nations ate internationally condemned which is against the international laws in diplomatic procedure.","PeriodicalId":383967,"journal":{"name":"HISAN: Journal of History Association of Nepal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114247168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"नेपालमा खश आगमन र सिञ्जा राजधानी : एक अध्ययन {Khash arrival and Sinja Capital in Nepal: A study}","authors":"केशवप्रसाद Keshavprasad निरौला Niraula","doi":"10.3126/hisan.v8i1.53083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hisan.v8i1.53083","url":null,"abstract":"प्रागऐतिहासिक कालमा नै नेपालमा खश जातिको उपस्थिति पाइन्छ । खश जाति मात्र नभएर महाजाति हो । युरोपका विभिन्न भूभागमा साम्राज्य कायम गर्दै एशियाका विभिन्न भूभागमा साम्राज्य फैलाएर लामो समयसम्म राज्य गरेको पाईन्छ । विभिन्न भौगोलिक, राजनैतिक, जैविक विविधताका कारण बसाई सर्दै भारतको काश्मिर हुँदै कुमाउ गढवाल क्षेत्रलाई आफ्नो कब्जामा लिई शासन गर्दै नेपालमा आएको मुख्य जाति मध्ये एक हो । खश जाति नेपालमा एकैचोटी र एकै स्थानबाट प्रवेश गरेको पाईदैन । यी जातिहरू विभिन्न स्थान र समयमा आएको जातिको रूपमा पाइन्छ । पाँचौ शताब्दीतिर खशहरूको प्रवेश नेपालमा बढी तीब्रताकासाथ भएको थियो । भारतका गुप्तहरूबाट राज्य विस्तार गर्ने क्रममा खशहरू लखेटिए । खश जातिहरूको ठूलो समूह उत्तरतर्फ लागे । त्यही जातजातिहरू कुमाउँगढवाल र तिब्बतको यारी, ताक्लाफर, गेला प्रदेश हुँदै तिब्बतबाट फर्केका शासकहरूले नेपालमा एघारौं शताब्दीमा खश साम्राज्य खडा गरेपछि खश जातिको शासकको रुपमा उदय भएको हो । पश्चिम नेपालमा खश मल्ल तथा दक्षिणमा मिथिला कर्नाटक वंशीयहरूका त्रिशक्ति सन्सतुलनको अवस्था मधययुगमा बन्न पुगेको पाइन्छ । यसपछि नै खशहरूले नेपालको राजनीति, आर्थिक, सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक, भाषा र धर्ममा समेत महत्वपूर्ण प्रभाव पारेको थियो । कर्णाली प्रदेशको नामले चिनिएको जुम्ला राज्य अन्तर्गत पर्ने सिञ्जा तत्कालीन समयमा राजधानीले विशेष महत्व रहेको पाईन्छ । कर्णाली प्रदेशका बाइसी राज्यहरूमा खास गरी सिञ्जा राज्यले नेपालको समष्टिगत रुपमा बृहत इतिहास दर्शाउँदै खस भाषा र संस्कृतिले नेपालको धार्मिक र सांस्कृतिक क्षेत्रमा महत्वपूर्ण स्थान ओगटेको छ ।","PeriodicalId":383967,"journal":{"name":"HISAN: Journal of History Association of Nepal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116102700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serpent Culture in Nepalese Society","authors":"Apar Kumar Lamsal","doi":"10.3126/hisan.v8i1.53062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hisan.v8i1.53062","url":null,"abstract":"Serpent culture is found in many religions and cultural groups across the world from time immemorial in different forms, i.e. art, festivals, and worship, due to religious and ecological diversities. It is associated with water, earth, trees, longevity, fertility, and is considered a killer, protector, or both. This article explains the culture related to serpents found in Nepal, especially the Maithili and Tharu people of Terai. This article explains the serpent culture of Nepalese terai. The emic view of serpent belief and practices is supported by etic perception during the collection and analysis of data. It is found that serpent culture denotes the belief system, gender role, leadership practices, social bonding, art skills, understanding of nature and natural objects, human desire, cosmology, and above all, it is the system of preservation of tangible and intangible culture.","PeriodicalId":383967,"journal":{"name":"HISAN: Journal of History Association of Nepal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130998634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mustang where civilization flourished","authors":"Prakash Darnal","doi":"10.3126/hisan.v8i1.53076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hisan.v8i1.53076","url":null,"abstract":"Mustang is one of the Trans-Himalayan districts of western Nepal, famous for its biodiversity, geology, prehistoric caves and cultural uniqueness. Geographically, it is divided into Upper and Lower Mustang. The area north of Kagbeni is Upper Mustang or Lo-Tsho Dun which consists Lomanthang, Charang, Dhee, Surkhang, Yara Ghara, Tangya, Dhey, Ghemi, Dhakmar, Marang, Ghiling, Chonup and Chhoser and south area of Kagbeni is called Serib (Bara Gaun) which consists of Lupra, Kagbeni, Khinga, Jharkot, Muktinath, Dzong, Tangbe, Chhuksang, Tetang, Tsaile, Ghyakar, Samar. In the south is the area of Thak Saatsae, which literally means seven hundred houses, which comprised of the villages of Ghasa, Lete, Kalopani, Taglung, Kunjo, Larjung, Kobang, Naurikot, Khanti, Tukuche. Culturally, this area is dominated by the Thakalis. The Panch Gaun is comprised of Chimang, Chairo, Marpha, Syang and Thini. The Kaligandaki River flows from the Tibetan Plateau, cutting through Himalayas and ends up flowing into the Ganges of northern India. While flowing between the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri massifs, the Kaligandaki forms the deepest river valley in the world. It is the only river where Shaligram or ammonite is found. Ammonite is considered as a fossil of the Tethys Sea. Mustang was a famous salt route through north to south trade. There are many abandoned settlement ruins like Ghemi, where exploration and excavation is necessary.","PeriodicalId":383967,"journal":{"name":"HISAN: Journal of History Association of Nepal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126356069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"मधेसी संस्कृति र यसको सामाजिक रूपान्तरण {Madhesi culture and its social transformation}","authors":"हिरालाल Heeralal कर्ण Karna","doi":"10.3126/hisan.v8i1.53095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hisan.v8i1.53095","url":null,"abstract":"प्राचीनकालको मध्यदेशको अवशेषमाथि काशी, कोशल, विदेह, अंग, बज्जि आदि सोलह महाजनपदहरु स्थापित भए । यसले छुट्टै छाप छोडे । त्यसैगरी भारतमा मुसलमान र इसाईहरुको प्रवेशसँगै मधेसलाई कहिले मुस्लिम शासन त कहिले अंग्रेजी शासनमा बस्नुपयो । यी विभिन्न राज्य र शासनहरुले आ–आफ्नो प्रभाव पार्दै गए । आज नेपाल र भारतबिच विभाजित मधेसलाई भारतीयहरूले हिन्दुस्तानी आवरण दिएर पुरानो पहिचान बिर्सिसकेका छन् भने नेपालको दक्षिणी तराई भू–भागमा बसोबास गर्ने मधेसीहरु अझैपनि आफ्नो पुरानो पहिचान र अस्तित्वका लागि संघर्षरत देखिन्छ । संसारमा देखिएको परिवर्तनसँगै यसमा पनि समयानुकूल रुपान्तरण भइरहेको छ । यस परिवर्तनशील युगमा आफ्नो अस्तित्व र मौलिकताको संरक्षण गर्दै परिवर्तनलाई आत्मसात गरी पहिचान कायम राख्ने कार्य निकै चुनौतीपूर्ण रहेको छ । खासगरी आफ्नो भाषा, साहित्य र संस्कृतिमा समृद्ध देखिएपनि नेपाल र भारतबिचको विभाजनले गर्दा कहिं भारतीय आवरण त कहिं नेपाली चोला धारण गर्नुपरेको छ । अतः संस्कृति र विकृतिको पहिचान गरी विकृति हटाई संस्कृतिलाई समय अनुकूल नवीकरण गरी आफ्नो मौलिकता र पहिचान कायम गर्न आवश्यक देखिन्छ ।","PeriodicalId":383967,"journal":{"name":"HISAN: Journal of History Association of Nepal","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129263836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}