Revista Ambiente e Agua最新文献

{"title":"Avaliação da dinâmica temporal da evaporação no reservatório de Itumbiara, GO, utilizando dados obtidos por sensoriamento remoto","authors":"M. Curtarelli, E. Alcântara, C. S. A. Araújo, J. Stech, João Antônio Lorenzzetti","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1083","url":null,"abstract":"The object of this work was to study the dynamics of evaporation in the Itumbiara reservoir, located in Central Brazil, using MODIS-derived water surface temperature (product MOD11A1) and meteorological data acquired over the water surface. The evaporation rates were derived from latent heat flux, estimated through a mass transfer model. The estimates were carried out for the period between 1/1/2010 and 31/12/2010. The results showed that evaporation rate tends to increase from January to September and then decrease from September to December. The evaporation rate reached values near 20 mm day -1 in Itumbiara","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"8 1","pages":"272-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70662371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of integrated water resources management models and instruments in South America: case studies in Brazil and Colombia","authors":"Johnny Harold Rojas Padilla, Mario Alejandro Pérez Rincón, T. Malheiros, C. A. M. Parra, Mariza Guimarães Prota, Raquel dos Santos","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.971","url":null,"abstract":"Brasil e Colombia sao ricos em agua, classificando como lideres mundiais no fornecimento de recursos hidricos. Apesar disso, ambos os paises tem problemas de escassez relativa desse vital recurso em areas onde ha grande concentracao de populacao e de atividades economicas. Em ambos os paises, por sua vez, o estabelecimento de politicas e normas juridicas ambientais tem longa tradicao. No entanto, embora haja disposicoes e instrumentos para a gestao da agua no nivel da bacia, estes desenvolvimentos nao necessariamente seguem o conceito da gestao integrada de recursos hidricos (GIRH). Como resultado, os dois paises tem aplicado em parte elementos de GIRH, mas com caracteristicas diferentes, tanto na sua estrutura, como na questao dos instrumentos implementados. Na Colombia, e o Governo, atraves das Autoridades Ambientais Regionais, que implementa as principais ferramentas de GIRH (concessoes, taxa pelo uso da agua, a taxa de poluicao, planos de bacia, etc.), sem participacao formal na sociedade civil. No Brasil, no entanto, a estrutura de gestao e ferramentas de GIRH sao descentralizadas e participativas. Sao os Comites de Bacia, entidades com participantes no governo estadual, municipios e usuarios, aqueles com maior peso na gestao da agua. No entanto, este modelo ainda nao esta implementado em todas as bacias hidrograficas. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo e comparar os aspectos institucionais e politicas de modelos de gestao da agua no Brasil e na Colombia em torno da aplicacao do conceito de gestao integrada dos recursos hidricos. Para este ultimo, trabalhou-se com um estudo de caso para cada pais em relacao bacia do rio Nima (Colombia) e Tiete-Jacare (Brasil).","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"8 1","pages":"73-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.971","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70670620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A system for environmental monitoring of hydroelectric reservoirs in Brazil","authors":"E. Alcântara, M. Curtarelli, I. Ogashawara, J. Stech, A. Souza","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1088","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental monitoring of aquatic systems is an important tool to support policy makers and environmental managers’ decisions. Long-term, continuous collection of environmental data is fundamental to the understanding of an aquatic system. This paper aims to present the integrated system for environmental monitoring (SIMA), a long-term temporal series system with a web-based archive for limnological and meteorological data. The following environmental parameters are measured by SIMA: chlorophyll-a ( ), water surface temperature (oC), water column temperature by a thermistor string (oC), turbidity (NTU), pH, dissolved oxygen concentration (mg L -1 ), electric conductivity (µS cm -1 ), wind speed (ms -1 ) and direction (o), relative humidity (%), shortwave radiation (Wm -2 ) and barometric pressure (hPa). The data were collected in a preprogrammed time interval (1 hour) and were transmitted by satellite in quasi-real time for any user within 2500 km of the acquisition point. So far, 11 hydroelectric reservoirs are being monitored with the SIMA buoy. Basic statistics (mean and standard deviation) and an example of the temporal series of some parameters were displayed at a database with web access. However, sensor and satellite problems occurred due to the high data acquisition frequency. Sensors problems occurred due to the environmental characteristics of each aquatic system. Water quality sensors rapidly degrade in acidic waters, rendering the collected data invalid. Data is also rendered invalid when sensors become infested with periphyton. Problems occur with the satellites’ reception of system data when satellites pass over the buoy antenna. However, the data transfer at some inland locations was not completed due to the satellite constellation position. Nevertheless, the integrated system of water quality and meteorological parameters is an important tool in understanding the aquatic system dynamic. It can also be used to create hydrodynamics models of the aquatic system to allow for the study of meteorological implications to the water body. 1 − gL μ","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"8 1","pages":"6-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70662451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualidade físico-química e microbiológica de água mineral e padrões da legislação","authors":"Helenilza Ferreira Albuquerque Cunha, Débora Cristina da Silva Lima, Priscila N. Brito, A. Cunha, Arialdo Martins da Silveira Júnior, D. C. Brito","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.908","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological mineral water parameters in the city of Macapa and verify their compliance with the legislation. The accepted legal standards for potable water for human consumption in Brazil are established by Board Resolution - RDC 274/2005 of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) - which regulates mineral water and Ordinance 518/2004 of the Ministry of Health which defines minimum standards for drinking water. Water samples in 20 L bottles of three different trademarks acquired in six commercial localities were analyzed monthly. Physicochemical parameters were compared with those predicted in the legislation for turbidity, pH, nitrate, iron, manganese, aluminum, fluoride, and microbiological indicators such as total coliform and Escherichia coli. The results indicated that the pH was often below the limit allowed by public supply. Deviation from the recommended concentration was most exceeded for aluminum, presenting values significantly high to the standards allowed in two trademarks. Fluoride concentrations were close to zero, although the legislation recommends values between 1 mg/L and 2 mg/L. The microbiological parameters in some localities and all trademarks registered total coliform, but Escherichia coli were present in only one sample. The mineral water consumed has been considered a safe product compared to other sources, but this study showed that the mineral water marketed in Macapa was often not in accordance with the law. Special attention is recommended for monitoring water quality in 20 L bottles.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"7 1","pages":"155-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70670153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avaliação espaço-temporal da qualidade da água e simulação de autodepuração na bacia hidrográfica do córrego São Simão, SP","authors":"J. Gonçalves, Diego De Souza Sardinha, Antonio Donizetti Gonçalves de Souza, A. L. B. Dibiazi, L. Godoy, F. D. Conceição","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.894","url":null,"abstract":"Neste trabalho foram avaliadas as aguas fluviais da bacia hidrografica do corrego Sao Simao (SP). Para isso, seis pontos de coleta foram estabelecidos e realizaram-se doze coletas de agua durante os meses de marco, maio, junho, julho, agosto, setembro, outubro, novembro e dezembro de 2005, e janeiro, fevereiro e marco de 2006, analisando as seguintes variaveis: vazao, temperatura, turbidez, pH, condutividade, oxigenio dissolvido, alcalinidade, cloreto e solidos totais em suspensao. A simulacao do processo de autodepuracao foi realizada com o uso do modelo de Streeter-Phelps, o qual relaciona a variacao do deficit de oxigenio dissolvido com o perfil longitudinal do rio. As caracteristicas do corrego Sao Simao proximo a sua nascente ate a cidade de Sao Simao permitem concluir que ha pouca interferencia na sua qualidade. Porem, a falta de tratamento para o esgoto domestico na cidade de Sao Simao piora a qualidade da agua e intensifica o processo de degradacao do corrego Sao Simao. O modelo de Streeter & Phelps permitiu identificar as zonas de autodepuracao do corrego Sao Simao e indicou a necessidade de tratamento de esgotos em nivel primario, com eficiencia de 30%.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"7 1","pages":"141-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70669492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estudo da qualidade e quantidade da água em microbacia, afluente do rio Paraíba do Sul - São Paulo, após ações de preservação ambiental","authors":"L. A. Alvarenga, M. Martins, Luz Adriana Cuartas, Vinicius Alves Penteado, Alexandra Andrade","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.987","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring programs of water quality and quantity are necessary to provide subsidies to assess the conditions of the watersheds and for decision making regarding to the management of water resources. This study analyzed the quality and quantity of waters of the Macacos stream watershed, a tributary of the Paraiba do Sul river, in Sao Paulo State, by monitoring the parameters: temperature, pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen at five sites in the watershed. The measurements of flow and height of water depth during dry and wet seasons of 2010 and 2011 allowed the construction of the \"rating curve\" in four points of water quality monitoring and to reconstruct the series of water flow in these seasons. The analysis results showed that there is indication of changes in water quality parameters due to the conservation practices adopted. The water temperature parameter was the most influenced by the seasonal variation in runoff. Several physical factors may have influenced the correlation of the other parameters with runoff, especially the different environmental recovery actions implemented in the study to achieve the sustainability of the water resources.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"7 1","pages":"228-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70670279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adequação de um protocolo de avaliação rápida de rios para ser usado por estudantes do ensino fundamental","authors":"Ariane Guimarães, A. D. Rodrigues, G. Malafaia","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.996","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to adapt a rapid river assessment protocols (RAP) to be used by elementary school children. The study was conducted in Ipameri, GO and the RAP was adapted for the evaluation of streams in the Cerrado biome. Based on two protocol models, the developed RAP included: physical parameters that affect the functioning of streams, language adapted to the educational level of elementary school and the presence of drawings that could facilitate the field application of RAP by the students. For consolidation of the adapted instrument, it was offered a monitoring workshop to 95 students from two public education institutions, and developed an analysis and interpretation of the pattern of responses obtained during the practical step of the workshop. The Bartlett and Levene tests revealed no statistical differences between the response patterns of the students, allowing to infer that the developed RAP was understandable by the evaluators. The application of the RAP was fast (20 to 40 minutes) and the students reported that the developed instrument helped them to familiarize with environmental issues. In addition, the monitoring workshop helped them to understand the instrument and the available illustrations facilitated the field evaluation. In addition, the students concluded that they have become aware of the issues related to the water resource preservation and also that participation in the environmental monitoring workshop allowed the appropriation of knowledge about the river system functioning. It was concluded that adapted RAP has been proved to be a useful and interesting tool for using in environmental education projects and programs.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"7 1","pages":"241-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70670445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caracterização química da água subterrânea em área ocupada por cemitério: uso da técnica de espectrometria de fluorescência de raios-X por energia dispersiva (EDXRF)","authors":"Pedro Daniel da Cunha Kemerich, J. A. D. Silva, G. Barros, W. Borba, Fernando Ernesto Ucker, Cristian Vargas Foletto","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.911","url":null,"abstract":"Geralmente, o enterro do ser humano pode contribuir para a poluicao da agua subterrânea, quando do contato com o lixiviado gerado a partir da decomposicao dos corpos na zona nao saturada do subsolo. O monitoramento desse tipo de atividade foi realizado neste trabalho, que teve como objetivo a determinacao da qualidade da agua subterrânea em zona ocupada por cemiterio. Para isto, utilizou-se a tecnica de Espectrometria de Fluorescencia de Raios-X por Energia Dispersiva (EDXRF) para a caracterizacao quimica da agua subterrânea. Foram construidos cinco pocos de monitoramento, de acordo com os padroes brasileiros. Foi estimada a flutuacao do lencol freatico, a superficie potenciometrica e as concentracoes dos elementos calcio, cobre, ferro, fosforo e silicio. O Nivel da agua apresentou-se bastante superficial, variando entre 0,48 a 0,95 m no periodo seco. A concentracao de calcio variou entre 4,65 a 17,85 mg L-1, cobre entre 0,02 ± 0,29 mg L-1, ferro variou de 0,57 a 15,96 mg L-1, fosforo entre 12 a 13,98 mg L-1, e por ultimo o silicio, variando entre 35,55 a 79,12 mg L-1. Conclui-se que o uso da tecnica de EDXRF demonstrou ser rapida e eficiente para quantificacao de alguns constituintes em aguas subterrâneas coletadas em pocos de monitoramento sob a influencia de cemiterio em terreno silto-argiloso.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"7 1","pages":"166-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70669749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vazão ecológica e disponibilidade hídrica na bacia das Pedras, Guarapuava-PR","authors":"Leandro Redin Vestena, Éderson Dias de Oliveira, M. C. Cunha, E. L. Thomaz","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.840","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of instream flow is of paramount importance to determine water availability for water resources management. This study estimated instream flow and evaluated water availability in the stretch of the Rio das Pedras, which supplies water to Guarapuava, a town in the mid-southern region of the state of Parana, Brazil. Several different methods were employed to obtain instream flow, a reference discharge for water consumption permit, and the river regime. Methods comprised 7-day mean minimum with a 10-year return period, discharges associated to 95% and 90% permanence, yearly 7-day mean minimum discharge and basic water discharge. Discharge data were obtained from the meteorological station at","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"7 1","pages":"212-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70668843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remoção de nitrogênio e fósforo do esgoto sanitário em um sistema de alagados construídos utilizando o capim vetiver","authors":"Fernando Ernesto Ucker, R. A. Almeida, Pedro Daniel da Cunha Kemerich","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.925","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash) efficiency in removing nitrogen and phosphorus from the wastewater in a constructed wetlands treatment system. The experimental unit had twelve treatment modules, filled with layers of substrate. From the bottom to the surface, the following materials were placed: 0.15 m of gravel # 3; 0.10 m of gravel # 1; 0.20 m of washed sand and 0.05 m of gravel # 1. Inside the modules, the wastewater was maintained at 0.05 m or 0.25 m below the substrate surface, resulting in hydraulic retention times of 3.4 days and 1.9 days, respectively. The influent wastewater was captured in the entrance of a facultative pond, and it was applied to the surface of each treatment module, automatically, on a surface application rate of 51 L.m-2.d-1. The sewage percolated vertically in the system, in a sub-surface flow downward until it was captured in a drain pipe at the bottom of the module. The wastewater concentrations of total phosphorus and ammonium were analyzed before and after passing through the treatment modules. Evapotranspiration rates were measured and the efficiencies in removing the contaminant load were calculated. The results were submitted to F and Tukey tests, at 5% of probability. Treatment with the presence of the plant and sewage at 0.05 m from the surface had higher efficiency in the removal of nutrients reaching 90.5% of phosphorus removal and 93.9% for ammonia.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"7 1","pages":"87-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70669998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}