Weather and Climate Dynamics最新文献

{"title":"Decline in Etesian winds after large volcanic eruptions in the last millennium","authors":"S. Misios, Ioannis Logothetis, M. Knudsen, C. Karoff, V. Amiridis, K. Tourpali","doi":"10.5194/wcd-3-811-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-811-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The northerly Etesian winds are a stable summertime circulation system in\u0000the eastern Mediterranean, emerging from a steep pressure gradient between\u0000the central Europe and Balkans high-pressure and the Anatolian low-pressure\u0000systems. Etesian winds are influenced by the variability in the Indian\u0000summer monsoon (ISM), but their sensitivity to external forcing on\u0000interannual and longer timescales is not well understood. Here, for the\u0000first time, we investigate the sensitivity of Etesian winds to large\u0000volcanic eruptions in a set of model simulations over the last millennium\u0000and reanalysis of the 20th century. We provide model evidence for\u0000significant volcanic signatures, manifested as a robust reduction in the\u0000wind speed and the total number of days with Etesian winds in July and\u0000August. These are robust responses to all strong eruptions in the last\u0000millennium, and in the extreme case of Samalas, the ensemble-mean response\u0000suggests a post-eruption summer without Etesians. The significant decline in\u0000the number of days with Etesian winds is attributed to the weakening of the\u0000ISM in the post-eruption summers, which is associated with a reduced\u0000large-scale subsidence and weakened surface pressure gradients in the\u0000eastern Mediterranean. Our analysis identifies a stronger sensitivity of\u0000Etesian winds to the Northern Hemisphere volcanic forcing, particularly for\u0000volcanoes before the 20th century, while for the latest large eruption\u0000of Pinatubo modelled and observed responses are insignificant. These\u0000findings could improve seasonal predictions of the wind circulation in the\u0000eastern Mediterranean in the summers after large volcanic eruptions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":383272,"journal":{"name":"Weather and Climate Dynamics","volume":"232 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123640821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The tropical route of quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) teleconnections in a climate model","authors":"J. L. García-Franco, L. Gray, S. Osprey, R. Chadwick, Z. Martin","doi":"10.5194/wcd-3-825-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-825-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The influence of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) on tropical climate is demonstrated using 500-year pre-industrial control simulations from the Met Office Hadley Centre model.\u0000Robust precipitation responses to the phase of the QBO are diagnosed in the model, which show zonally asymmetric patterns that resemble the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impacts. These patterns are found because the frequency of ENSO events for each QBO phase is significantly different in these simulations, with more El Niño events found under the westerly phase of the QBO (QBOW) and more La Niña events for the easterly phase (QBOE). The QBO–ENSO relationship is non-stationary and subject to decadal variability in both models and observations. In addition, regression analysis shows that there is a QBO signal in precipitation that is independent of ENSO.\u0000No evidence is found to suggest that these QBO–ENSO relationships are caused by ENSO modulating the QBO in the simulations.\u0000A relationship between the QBO and a dipole of precipitation in the Indian Ocean is also found in models and observations in boreal fall, characterised by a wetter western Indian Ocean and drier conditions in the eastern part for QBOW and the opposite under QBOE conditions.\u0000The Walker circulation is significantly weaker during QBOW compared to QBOE, which could explain the observed and simulated zonally asymmetric precipitation responses at equatorial latitudes, as well as the more frequent El Niño events during QBOW. Further work, including targeted model experiments, is required to better understand the mechanisms causing these relationships between the QBO and tropical convection.\u0000","PeriodicalId":383272,"journal":{"name":"Weather and Climate Dynamics","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134418412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in the tropospheric general circulation from 1979 to 2022","authors":"A. Simmons","doi":"10.5194/wcd-3-777-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-777-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Atmospheric general circulation changes from March 1979 to\u0000February 2022 are examined using the ERA5 reanalysis. Maps of linear trends\u0000and time series for specific areas are presented. Attention is concentrated\u0000on monthly, seasonal and annual means, but shorter-timescale variability is\u0000also considered, including extremes. Changes in near-tropopause winds are\u0000the main focus, but related changes in temperature, wind and other variables throughout the troposphere are discussed. Middle- and upper-tropospheric warming is larger in the subtropics and outer tropics than in the deep tropics, except over the Pacific. This is linked with a strengthening and meridional expansion of the tropical easterlies that has received little previous attention. The change occurs predominantly\u0000over the first half of the period. Warming over several mid-latitude and\u0000subtropical land areas comes close to matching the large warming of the\u0000Arctic, in some seasons at least. Westerly upper-level winds in general\u0000weaken over the Arctic in winter but strengthen in northern middle\u0000latitudes, contrary to arguments based on circulation changes due solely to\u0000amplified Arctic warming. The jet-stream region over the eastern North\u0000Atlantic and western Europe shifts southward. Westerlies strengthen in a\u0000band stretching south-eastwards from the tropical western Pacific to\u0000southern Australia, as well as in the polar-jet-stream region that surrounds\u0000Antarctica. Extreme jet-stream winds increase over the North Atlantic. Net kinetic\u0000energy also increases, mostly associated with sub-monthly variability along\u0000the mid-latitude storm tracks and over the tropical Pacific. Available\u0000potential energy changes less. Geopotential height shows a distinct pattern\u0000of change in stationary long-wave structures. There are increases in surface pressure over the North Pacific and southern mid-latitudes and decreases over the Arctic Ocean and offshore of Antarctica. Several comparisons are made between ERA5 and the JRA-55 reanalysis and\u0000between ERA5 and the observations it assimilated. They show reassuring\u0000agreement, but some regional differences require further investigation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":383272,"journal":{"name":"Weather and Climate Dynamics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114626414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of cyclones and potential vorticity cutoffs for the occurrence of unusually long wet spells in Europe","authors":"M. Röthlisberger, Barbara Scherrer, A. de Vries, R. Portmann","doi":"10.5194/wcd-3-733-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-733-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The synoptic dynamics leading to the longest wet spells in Europe are so far poorly investigated despite these events' potentially large societal impacts. Here we examine the role of cyclones and potential\u0000vorticity (PV) cutoffs for unusually long wet spells in Europe, defined as\u0000the 20 longest uninterrupted periods with at least 5 mm daily accumulated\u0000precipitation at each ERA-Interim grid point in Europe (this set of spells\u0000is hereafter referred to as S20). The S20 occur predominantly in summer over the eastern continent, in winter over the North\u0000Atlantic, in winter or fall over the Atlantic coast, and in fall over the\u0000Mediterranean and European inland seas. Four case studies reveal distinct\u0000archetypal synoptic storylines for long wet spells: (a) a 7 d wet\u0000spell near Moscow, Russia, is associated with a single slow-moving\u0000cutoff–cyclone couple; (b) a 15 d wet spell in Norway features a total of\u0000nine rapidly passing extratropical cyclones and illustrates serial cyclone\u0000clustering as a second storyline; (c) a 12 d wet spell in Tuscany, Italy,\u0000is associated with a single but very large cutoff complex, which is\u0000replenished multiple times by a sequence of recurrent anticyclonic wave\u0000breaking events over the North Atlantic and western Europe; and (d) a 17 d\u0000wet spell in the Balkans features intermittent periods of diurnal convection in an environment of weak synoptic forcing and recurrent passages of cutoffs\u0000and thus also highlights the role of diurnal convection for long wet spells\u0000over land. A systematic analysis of cyclone and cutoff occurrences during\u0000the S20 across Europe reveals considerable spatial variability\u0000in their respective role for the S20. For instance, cyclones\u0000are present anywhere between 10 % and 90 % and cutoffs between 20 % and 70 % of the S20 time steps, depending on the geographical region. However, overall both cyclones and cutoffs appear in a larger number and at a higher rate during the S20 compared\u0000to climatology. Furthermore, in the Mediterranean, cutoffs and cyclones\u0000are significantly more persistent during the S20 compared to\u0000climatology. Our study thus documents for the first time the palette of\u0000synoptic storylines accompanying unusually long wet spells across Europe,\u0000which is a prerequisite for developing an understanding of how these events\u0000might change in a warming climate and for evaluating the ability of climate\u0000models to realistically simulate the synoptic processes relevant to these\u0000events.\u0000","PeriodicalId":383272,"journal":{"name":"Weather and Climate Dynamics","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131690362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The response of tropical cyclone intensity to changes in environmental temperature","authors":"J. Done, G. Lackmann, A. Prein","doi":"10.5194/wcd-3-693-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-693-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Theory indicates that tropical cyclone (TC) intensity should respond to environmental temperature changes near the surface and in the TC outflow layer. While the sensitivity of TC intensity to sea surface temperature is well understood, less is known about the role of upper-level stratification. In this paper, we combine historical\u0000data analysis and idealised modelling to explore the extent to which\u0000historical low-level warming and upper-level stratification can explain\u0000observed trends in the TC intensity distribution. Observations and modelling agree that historical global environmental temperature changes coincide with higher lifetime maximum intensities. Observations suggest the response depends on the TC intensity itself. Hurricane-strength storms have intensified at twice the rate of weaker storms per unit surface and upper-tropospheric warming, and we find faster\u0000warming of low-level temperatures in hurricane environments than the\u0000tropical mean. Idealised simulations respond in the expected sense to\u0000various imposed changes in the near-surface temperature and upper-level\u0000stratification representing present-day and end-of-century thermal profiles\u0000and agree with TCs operating as heat engines. Removing upper-tropospheric warming or stratospheric cooling from end-of-century\u0000experiments results in much smaller changes in potential intensity or\u0000realised intensity than between present day and the end of the century. A larger\u0000proportional change in thermodynamic disequilibrium compared to\u0000thermodynamic efficiency in our simulations suggests that disequilibrium,\u0000not efficiency, is responsible for much of the intensity increase from\u0000present day to the end of the century. The limited change in efficiency is\u0000attributable to nearly constant outflow temperature in the simulated TCs\u0000among the experiments. Observed sensitivities are generally larger than\u0000modelled sensitivities, suggesting that observed TC intensity\u0000change responds to a combination of the temperature change and other\u0000environmental factors.\u0000","PeriodicalId":383272,"journal":{"name":"Weather and Climate Dynamics","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128764152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stationary wave biases and their effect on upward troposphere– stratosphere coupling in sub-seasonal prediction models","authors":"Chen Schwartz, C. Garfinkel, P. Yadav, Wen Chen, D. Domeisen","doi":"10.5194/wcd-3-679-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-679-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The simulated Northern Hemisphere winter stationary wave (SW) field is investigated in 11 Subseasonal-to-Seasonal (S2S) prediction project models. It is shown that while most models considered can well simulate the stationary wavenumbers 1 and 2 during the first 2 weeks of integration, they diverge from observations following week 3. Those models with a poor resolution in the stratosphere struggle to simulate the waves, in both the troposphere and the stratosphere, even during the first 2 weeks. Focusing on the tropospheric regions where SWs peak in amplitude reveals that the models generally do a better job in simulating the northwestern Pacific stationary trough, while certain models struggle to simulate the stationary ridges in both western North America and the North Atlantic. In addition, a strong relationship is found between regional biases in the stationary height field and model errors in simulated upward propagation of planetary waves into the stratosphere. In the stratosphere, biases are mostly in wave 2 in those models with high stratospheric resolution, whereas in those models with low resolution in the stratosphere, a wave 1 bias is evident, which leads to a strong bias in the stratospheric mean zonal circulation due to the predominance of wave 1 there. Finally, biases in both amplitude and location of mean tropical convection and the subsequent subtropical downwelling are identified as possible contributors to biases in the regional SW field in the troposphere.\u0000","PeriodicalId":383272,"journal":{"name":"Weather and Climate Dynamics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121049683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stratospheric wave driving events as an alternative to sudden stratospheric warmings","authors":"T. Reichler, M. Jucker","doi":"10.5194/wcd-3-659-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-659-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Natural variations in the strength of the northern\u0000stratospheric polar vortex, so-called polar vortex events, help to improve\u0000subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) predictions of winter climate. Past research\u0000on polar vortex events has been largely focused on sudden stratospheric\u0000warming events (SSWs), a class of relatively strong weakenings of the polar\u0000vortex. Commonly, SSWs are defined when the polar vortex reverses its\u0000climatological wintertime westerly wind direction. In this study, however,\u0000we use an alternative definition, based on the weighted time-integrated\u0000upward wave activity flux at the lower stratosphere. We use a long control\u0000simulation with a stratosphere-resolving model and the ERA5 reanalysis to\u0000compare various aspects of the wave activity definition with common SSWs\u0000over the Arctic. About half of the wave events are identical to common SSWs.\u0000However, there exist several advantages for defining stratospheric weak\u0000extremes based on wave events rather than using the common SSW definition:\u0000the wave activity flux definition captures with one criterion a variety of\u0000different event types, detects strong SSWs and strong final warming events,\u0000avoids weak SSWs that have little surface impact, and potentially lengthens\u0000the prediction horizon of the surface response. We therefore conclude that\u0000the wave driving represents a useful early indicator for stratospheric polar\u0000vortex events, which exploits the stratospheric potential for creating\u0000predictable surface signals better than common SSWs.\u0000","PeriodicalId":383272,"journal":{"name":"Weather and Climate Dynamics","volume":"29 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125696226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metrics of the Hadley circulation strength and associated circulation trends","authors":"Matic Pikovnik, Ž. Zaplotnik, Lina Boljka, N. Žagar","doi":"10.5194/wcd-3-625-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-625-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This study compares trends in the Hadley cell (HC) strength using different metrics applied to the ECMWF ERA5 and ERA-Interim reanalyses for the period 1979–2018. The HC strength is commonly evaluated by metrics derived from the mass-weighted zonal-mean stream function in isobaric coordinates. Other metrics include the upper tropospheric velocity potential, the vertical velocity in the mid-troposphere, and the water vapour transport in the lower troposphere. Seven known metrics of HC strength are complemented here by a metric of the spatially averaged HC strength, obtained by averaging the stream function in the latitude–pressure (φ–p) plane, and by the total energy of zonal-mean unbalanced circulation in the normal-mode function decomposition. It is shown that metrics, which rely on single-point values in the φ–p plane, produce unreliable 40-year trends in both the northern and southern HCs, especially in ERA-Interim; magnitudes and even the signs of the trends depend on the choice of the HC strength metric. The two new metrics alleviate the vertical and meridional inhomogeneities of the trends in HC strength. The unbalanced energy metric suggests a positive HC trend in both reanalyses, whereas the metric based on averaging the stream function finds a significant positive trend only in ERA5.\u0000","PeriodicalId":383272,"journal":{"name":"Weather and Climate Dynamics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131097945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterising the interaction of tropical and extratropical air masses controlling East Asian summer monsoon progression using a novel frontal detection approach","authors":"A. Volonté, A. Turner, R. Schiemann, P. Vidale, N. Klingaman","doi":"10.5194/wcd-3-575-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-575-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is a complex phenomenon, influenced by both tropical and mid-latitude dynamics and by the presence of the Tibetan Plateau. The EASM front (EASMF) separates tropical and extratropical air masses as the monsoon marches northwards. Although the different factors behind EASM progression are illustrated in a number of studies, their interactions, in particular between tropical and extratropical air masses, still need to be clarified. In this study we apply Eulerian and Lagrangian methods to the ERA5 reanalysis dataset to provide a comprehensive study of the seasonal progression of and interannual variability in the EASM, and we highlight the dynamics of the air masses converging at its front. A frontal detection algorithm is used to perform a front-centred analysis of EASM progression. The analysis highlights the primary role of the subtropical westerly jet (STWJ) and of the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) in controlling the strength and the poleward progression of the EASMF, in particular during Mei Yu, the primary stage of EASM progression. These forcings act to steer the southerly advection of low-level moist tropical air, modulated by the seasonal cycle of the Asian monsoon. The Mei Yu stage is distinguished by an especially clear interaction between tropical and extratropical air masses converging at the EASMF. The analysis of composites based on the latitude of the EASMF during Mei Yu reveals the influence exerted by the STWJ on the cool extratropical flow impacting on the northern side of the EASMF, whose progression is also dependent on the location of the WNPSH. In turn, this affects the extent of the warm moist advection on its southern side and the distribution and intensity of resultant rainfall over China. This study shows the validity of an analysis of EASM progression focused on its front and on the related low- and mid-level airstreams, at least in the Mei Yu stage. The framework highlighted shows how the regional flow over East Asia drives the low-level airstreams that converge at the EASMF, thus controlling the shape of EASM progression. This framework provides a basis for studies of climate variability and extreme events and for model evaluation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":383272,"journal":{"name":"Weather and Climate Dynamics","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127430444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summertime changes in climate extremes over the peripheral Arctic regions after a sudden sea ice retreat","authors":"Steve Delhaye, T. Fichefet, F. Massonnet, D. Docquier, R. Msadek, S. Chripko, C. Roberts, S. Keeley, Retish Senan","doi":"10.5194/wcd-3-555-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-555-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The retreat of Arctic sea ice is frequently considered to be a possible driver of changes in climate extremes in the Arctic and possibly down to mid-latitudes. However, it remains unclear how the atmosphere will respond to a near-total retreat of summer Arctic sea ice, a reality that might occur in the foreseeable future. This study explores this question by conducting sensitivity experiments with two global coupled climate models run at two different horizontal resolutions to investigate the change in temperature and precipitation extremes during summer over peripheral Arctic regions following a sudden reduction in summer Arctic sea ice cover. An increase in frequency and persistence of maximum surface air temperature is found in all peripheral Arctic regions during the summer, when sea ice loss occurs. For each 1×106 km2 of Arctic sea ice extent reduction, the absolute frequency of days exceeding the surface air temperature of the climatological 90th percentile increases by ∼ 4 % over the Svalbard area, and the duration of warm spells increases by ∼ 1 d per month over the same region. Furthermore, we find that the 10th percentile of surface daily air temperature increases more than the 90th percentile, leading to a weakened diurnal cycle of surface air temperature. Finally, an increase in extreme precipitation, which is less robust than the increase in extreme temperatures, is found in all regions in summer. These findings suggest that a sudden retreat of summer Arctic sea ice clearly impacts the extremes in maximum surface air temperature and precipitation over the peripheral Arctic regions with the largest influence over inhabited islands such as Svalbard or northern Canada. Nonetheless, even with a large sea ice reduction in regions close to the North Pole, the local precipitation response is relatively small compared to internal climate variability.\u0000","PeriodicalId":383272,"journal":{"name":"Weather and Climate Dynamics","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131936030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}