Iranian Economic Review最新文献_第4页

Theoretical Modeling of the Impact of Political Ties on China's Economic Expansion 政治关系对中国经济扩张影响的理论模型

Iranian Economic Review Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.22059/IER.2021.81636

Lilia Ukraynets

引用次数: 0

Labour Participation Decision and Preferences towards Different Employment Status in Response to Remittances: Evidence from the Provincial Capital of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhawa (KPK), Pakistan 汇款对劳动力参与决策和不同就业地位偏好的影响:来自巴基斯坦旁遮普省和开伯尔-普赫图克瓦省省会的证据

Iranian Economic Review Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.22059/IER.2021.81637

Waqas Shair, M. Majeed, Amjad Ali

{"title":"Labour Participation Decision and Preferences towards Different Employment Status in Response to Remittances: Evidence from the Provincial Capital of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhawa (KPK), Pakistan","authors":"Waqas Shair, M. Majeed, Amjad Ali","doi":"10.22059/IER.2021.81637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IER.2021.81637","url":null,"abstract":"This study has examined the effect of remittances on the labour force participation decisions and preferences of the individuals towards different employment status and work categories. The data from the rural and urban areas of the two provincial capitals of Pakistan has been collected to cover the main range of the topic. The study adds in existing literature the three major implications of labour market outcomes in response to remittances. First, the estimates of the Logit and Probit model suggest that remittances significantly increase the likelihood to not participate in the labour force. In addition, the differential effect of remittances depicts that as monthly remittances increase from 10,000 rupees to 500,000 rupees, the likelihood to participate in labour market decreases from 0.84 to 0.30 respectively. Second, estimates of the multinomial logit model reveal that among different employment categories, remittances increase the likelihood to participate in non-employment. While in case of participation in labour market, they are more likely to prefer full-time self-employment status. Third, estimates of the multinomial logit model depict that among different work professions, remittances increase the likelihood to participate in self-employment and employer profession. The results of the study suggest policy implication on the reallocation of labour from non-employment to self-employment or employer can generate productive outcomes. Furthermore, incentives in the adoption of self-employment and improvement in ease of doing business are essential to spill over the effect of remittances as job creators.","PeriodicalId":38289,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41386193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Moderation Role of Energy Prices on Financial Instability, Trade Openness and Economic Growth in Non-OPEC Countries 非欧佩克国家能源价格对金融不稳定、贸易开放和经济增长的调节作用

Iranian Economic Review Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.22059/IER.2021.81634

Umar Muhammad Dabachi, Suraya Mahmood, Ali Umar Ahmad, A. Jakada, Ahmad Tijjani Abdullahi, Mohammed Atiku Abubakar, Kabiru Kamalu

{"title":"Moderation Role of Energy Prices on Financial Instability, Trade Openness and Economic Growth in Non-OPEC Countries","authors":"Umar Muhammad Dabachi, Suraya Mahmood, Ali Umar Ahmad, A. Jakada, Ahmad Tijjani Abdullahi, Mohammed Atiku Abubakar, Kabiru Kamalu","doi":"10.22059/IER.2021.81634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IER.2021.81634","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examined the interaction effect of energy price on the relationship between financial instability, trade openness and non-OPEC countries economic growth. The paper used panel time series data from 1970-2018. In addition, the paper applied second generation approach. The results of the cointegration test revealed a long run relationship among the variables. Moreover, the results showed that financial instability, energy price, and 2014 energy crisis have negative effect on economic growth, while, trade openness has positive effect on the economic growth. Additionally, the results confirmed that the interaction term of energy prices and financial instability is negatively affecting the economic growth, but interaction term of energy prices and trade openness is positively affecting the economic growth of non-OPEC countries (emerging ASEAN economies). However, the results of causality test indicated one-way causal relationship from financial instability to economic growth, energy price to economic growth, and trade openness to economic growth. The empirical findings also suggested that interventions from the policymakers of the emerging ASEAN country could provide rigidity or policies on financial repression, instead of a more flexible financial system, designed to expand growth and stability in focused macroeconomic policies through financial rules. In order to control energy use and stabilize prices in ASEAN countries, there should be a comprehensive energy policy, which may have a negative impact on their economies, as most of the emerging ASEAN countries have not relied on oil revenues.","PeriodicalId":38289,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43027548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Technical Efficiency of Chemical Fertilizers Use and Agricultural Yield: Evidence from India 化肥使用技术效率与农业产量：来自印度的证据

Iranian Economic Review Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.22059/IER.2021.81635

Anup Kumar Yadava, J. Komaraiah

{"title":"Technical Efficiency of Chemical Fertilizers Use and Agricultural Yield: Evidence from India","authors":"Anup Kumar Yadava, J. Komaraiah","doi":"10.22059/IER.2021.81635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IER.2021.81635","url":null,"abstract":"The agriculture sector is a significant contributor to food security and employment in India, where sustainable yield in agriculture is a prime concern. The heavy and improper use of chemical fertilizers persists in technically inefficient agricultural production. This study attempts to evaluate the technical inefficiency of chemical fertilizers' use and measure the potential minimization of fertilizer input without compromising the agricultural yield level. The study uses secondary data from 2006 to 2015 of 28 Indian states and empirically analyses the efficiency of chemical fertilizers use and their impact on agricultural yield by incorporating slack-based Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Three chemical fertilizers, namely; Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), and gross irrigated land area, have been taken as input variables, and States Total Food-grain (STFG) has been taken as the output variable. The conventional slack-based DEA procedure may have bias efficiency estimates, therefore in the second step Double Bootstrap DEA procedure is followed to correct the biasness of efficiency scores which further checks the moderating relation between efficiency scores and agricultural credit using #algorithm1 and #algorithm2 of Simar and Wilson (2007). Findings indicate that fertilizer K has a higher possibility to decrease, followed by P and N. Evidence from double bootstrap establishes a positive relationship between agricultural credit and yield. Hence, farm-level policies, budgetary implications of agricultural credit, and awareness about the proper use of fertilizers will help reduce chemical fertilizer intensiveness in the production and enhance the farmers’ income through input saving strategy.","PeriodicalId":38289,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42916951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Level of Population Carrying Capacity, Natural Resources and Pollution: A Case of Iran 人口承载力水平、自然资源与污染:以伊朗为例

Iranian Economic Review Pub Date : 2021-05-30 DOI: 10.22059/IER.2021.81606

Ali Hossein Ostadzad, Sakine Owjimehr

{"title":"The Level of Population Carrying Capacity, Natural Resources and Pollution: A Case of Iran","authors":"Ali Hossein Ostadzad, Sakine Owjimehr","doi":"10.22059/IER.2021.81606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IER.2021.81606","url":null,"abstract":"A country’s population carrying capacity is the maximum population that a country can tolerate depending on its resources and environmental conditions. An awareness of a country’s population carrying capacity can be of great help to the development planners of that country. Despite the importance of this variable, few studies have attempted to estimate it, particularly at the country level on which no study was found to have focused. The present study was aimed to calculate the population carrying capacity of Iran using the expanded logistic equation, the generalized extractable energy resources equation, and the Extraction-environmental Kuznets curve (XEKC). The population growth rate of Iran, as a country with abundant primary energy and natural resources, has always been positive and its population now stands at about 83 million. The simultaneous estimation of parameters from three equations using multi-objective optimization showed that Iran’s population carrying capacity was about 95 million. It is important to note that this estimate of the population carrying capacity was based on Iran’s current economic growth. This means that with the growth and expansion of the economy, the population carrying capacity of Iran can be estimated higher. Also, the EKC was established with 99.5% confidence for the Iranian economy, and the value of the per capita income at the turning point of the inverted U-shaped curve was 0.435 billion Rials. Meanwhile, the amount of GDP per capita for the Iranian economy was 0.157 billion Rials at the time of this study, showing that the Iranian economy was on the upward sloping portion of the curve.","PeriodicalId":38289,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41774615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exchange Rate Volatility and India-U.S. Export at Commodity Level: Evidence from an Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach 汇率波动与印美关系商品层面的出口:来自自回归分布滞后方法的证据

Iranian Economic Review Pub Date : 2021-05-29 DOI: 10.22059/IER.2021.81585

Mohini Gupta, S. Varshney

{"title":"Exchange Rate Volatility and India-U.S. Export at Commodity Level: Evidence from an Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach","authors":"Mohini Gupta, S. Varshney","doi":"10.22059/IER.2021.81585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IER.2021.81585","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on the impact of exchange rate volatility on the trade flow between India and U.S. Previous research on the trade flow of India has concentrated on the overall aggregate export of India with a cross border nations. Many maintain the work on bilateral trade pair-wise although a very few have observed about the commodities trade at disintegrated scale. This paper explores Indian export trade at disaggregate by commodity-wise, undertaking 60 Indian exporting commodities to U.S. We apply generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) based models to gauge the real exchange rate volatility and to discover the shortrun and longrun relationships, an autoregressive distributed lag model is applied on the time series data. The empirical analysis at disaggregate level of export indicates the shortrun as well as longrun effect of exchange rate volatility. However, the estimated shortrun effect which last onto longrun effect is in 16 exporting commodities. This paper provides more specific information about the relationship between exchange rate volatility and bilateral export commodities using individual level data. The finding of the study helps to undertake the view of invariability and considering the industry before policy making.","PeriodicalId":38289,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45969718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

How to Control the House Prices Through the Demand Sides 如何通过需求侧调控房价

Iranian Economic Review Pub Date : 2021-05-29 DOI: 10.22059/IER.2021.81571

S. Ajija, Indah Pratiwi, Wasiaturrahma Wasiaturrahma

{"title":"How to Control the House Prices Through the Demand Sides","authors":"S. Ajija, Indah Pratiwi, Wasiaturrahma Wasiaturrahma","doi":"10.22059/IER.2021.81571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IER.2021.81571","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examine and analyze the factors, which influence house prices from the demand side in developed and developing countries. It was tested using the Generalized Method of Moments with the dependent and the independent variable of the house price index involving real interest rates, credit, economic, and population growth. This study uses 54 panel data which is divided into 31 sub-groups of developed countries and 23 developing countries from 2005 to 2017. This research tries to contribute in observing the role of macroprudential and monetary policies in controlling housing prices globally in both developed and emerging markets as well as looking for the relationship between credit growth and house prices because credit is the closest macroprudential and monetary policy channel to the real sector. The results showed that interest rates, credit, economic, and population growth significantly effect housing prices. Interest rate variables have a negative effect, while credit, economic growth, and population growth have a positive effect on house prices. The influence coefficient's magnitude is different from developed countries to have a more significant influence than developing countries. Another result show that improvement of house price index caused by credit growth enhancement in developed countries greater than in developing countries. Furthermore, the study provides suggestions for policymakers to control house prices due to a reduction, which causes financial crisis. Therefore, the government needs to enter into financial institutions to increase prudence in the housing finance system.","PeriodicalId":38289,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46316742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Investment Index and Its Improvement Strategy 投资指数及其改进策略

Iranian Economic Review Pub Date : 2021-05-29 DOI: 10.22059/IER.2021.81567

Nasikh Nasikh

引用次数: 0

The Electricity Shortage Cost in Iran: An Input-Output Analysis and Linear Programming 伊朗电力短缺成本:投入产出分析与线性规划

Iranian Economic Review Pub Date : 2021-05-29 DOI: 10.22059/IER.2021.81589

A. Faridzad, A. Ghasemi, Mahsa Rajabi Nejad, Mohammadamin Mohammadian

{"title":"The Electricity Shortage Cost in Iran: An Input-Output Analysis and Linear Programming","authors":"A. Faridzad, A. Ghasemi, Mahsa Rajabi Nejad, Mohammadamin Mohammadian","doi":"10.22059/IER.2021.81589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IER.2021.81589","url":null,"abstract":"The electricity supply security has played a vital role in the economic development of Iran. However, a large number of electricity supply disruptions has been happened in recent years, which lead to the electricity shortage costs in the level of economic sectors. Using a combination of Input-Output analysis and the Linear Programming method, this study measures the producer price index as average costs of Iranian economic sectors after imposing a unique scenario of 30% potential electricity shortage supply. In this regard, we employ an Iranian symmetric Input-Output 14I14 industry-by-industry Table for the year 2011. The results of this study indicate that the most shortage cost occurs for the manufacture of wood and paper products, while the services have the lowest cost after electricity supply disruption. Besides, increasing the costs of non-electricity sectors in the Iranian economy after electricity supply shock is 175.63% on average. The quantitative results are useful for policymakers attempting to set strategic plans to reduce the electricity cost in manufacturing sectors and optimal distribution of limited electricity resources to reduce the overall cost of blackouts.","PeriodicalId":38289,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45309735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does Spin-off Obligation of Sharia Business Units from its Parent Commercial Banks Enhance Their Performance? Sharia业务部门与其母公司商业银行的分拆义务是否会提高其业绩？

Iranian Economic Review Pub Date : 2021-05-29 DOI: 10.22059/IER.2021.81570

A. Rokhmawati, Desy Desy, E. Halim

{"title":"Does Spin-off Obligation of Sharia Business Units from its Parent Commercial Banks Enhance Their Performance?","authors":"A. Rokhmawati, Desy Desy, E. Halim","doi":"10.22059/IER.2021.81570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IER.2021.81570","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to compare banks ratios: return on assets (ROA), the ratio of operating costs to operating incomes (BOPO), and the ratio of financing to total third party funding (FDR) before and after the spin-off, as well as ROA, FDR, and BOPO between pure spin-off through separation and impure spin-off through acquisitions and conversion. In 2019, there were eleven sharia banks as the population. This study included five banks in the research samples based on quarterly data availability three years before and after the spin-off. The method used is the two related samples Wilcoxon test due to the abnormally distributed data before and after the spin-off and the independent sample t-test for comparing ROA of a pure and impure spin-off, also used Mann-Whitney test to compare FDR and BOPO between pure and impure spin-off. The results are that ROA after spin-off is higher but insignificant than before spin-off; BOPO after spin-off is significantly higher than before spin-off. FDR after spin-off is significantly lower than before spin-off. Furthermore, an impure spin-off provides a significantly higher ROA than a pure spin-off. Impure spin-off gives higher BOPO but insignificant. Finally, impure spin-off results in a significantly higher FDR than the pure one. These results imply that the limited service coverages due to their small size challenge newborn BUSes to increase their market share. The too-small sizes also become the burden of newborn BUSes to benefit-cost reduction through economies of scale.","PeriodicalId":38289,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43710871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0